Studies conducted on both normal and abnormal samples have shown transcranial brain stimulation t... more Studies conducted on both normal and abnormal samples have shown transcranial brain stimulation to be effective in improving cognitive functioning. Meanwhile, the behavioral training of cognitive skills has been found to be effective as well. To enhance or rehabilitate core cognitive processes, neuropsychologists and clinicians usually use either one of these or a combination of both. In this study, we reviewed the literature to investigate the effects of brain stimulation alone or combined with cognitive training on attention and working memory. It was concluded that the combined method can be more effective than brain stimulation alone. However, there is no sufficient evidence to make a conclusive statement.
Objective: Capture of attention occurs when a goal-irrelevant salient stimulus appears in the fie... more Objective: Capture of attention occurs when a goal-irrelevant salient stimulus appears in the field of attention. The COVID-19 pandemic seems to be salient enough to capture a great proportion of one’s attentional resources. The purpose of this study was to explore how the novelty of outbreak news affects attention in everyday life. Methods: 162 participants were recruited using an online invitation and divided into two samples (early and late sections). The variables—salience of news, intrusive thoughts, endogenous attention, and knowledge of COVID-19—have compared between two measurements using independent t-tests. Additionally, a correlational analysis was performed in order to reveal a model of relationships between variables. Results: It was found that despite the increase in infected cases, intrusive thoughts and attentional capture have decreased over time. To describe the relationship between salience of news and attentional capture a conceptual model is presented. Conclusio...
For many years, conflict of interest has been a topic of debate in professional ethics, whereby t... more For many years, conflict of interest has been a topic of debate in professional ethics, whereby the performance of a professional obligation can be potentially affected by a financial or non-financial interest. However, studies on conflict of interest often do not include cognitive perspectives. In this study, it was hypothesized that conflict of interest might shape the perception of the situation in a subconscious manner. To test the hypothesis, we have designed an experiment using one of the well-known empirical paradigms of consciousness studies-the masking paradigm. In three experimental conditions (i.e., conflict of interest, neutral, and alignment of interest), participants were exposed to several subliminal visual stimuli in a series of trials. Results show that interest can have a direct impact on subconscious processes and subsequently perception in such a way that alignment of interest is accompanied by increasing the probability of correct perception, and conflict of interest would lead to more wrong perception. Finally, some of the impacts of this cognitive bias on scientific observation, data management, and underdetermination resolution are investigated.
Studies conducted on both normal and abnormal samples have shown transcranial brain stimulation t... more Studies conducted on both normal and abnormal samples have shown transcranial brain stimulation to be effective in improving cognitive functioning. Meanwhile, the behavioral training of cognitive skills has been found to be effective as well. To enhance or rehabilitate core cognitive processes, neuropsychologists and clinicians usually use either one of these or a combination of both. In this study, we reviewed the literature to investigate the effects of brain stimulation alone or combined with cognitive training on attention and working memory. It was concluded that the combined method can be more effective than brain stimulation alone. However, there is no sufficient evidence to make a conclusive statement.
Objective: Capture of attention occurs when a goal-irrelevant salient stimulus appears in the fie... more Objective: Capture of attention occurs when a goal-irrelevant salient stimulus appears in the field of attention. The COVID-19 pandemic seems to be salient enough to capture a great proportion of one’s attentional resources. The purpose of this study was to explore how the novelty of outbreak news affects attention in everyday life. Methods: 162 participants were recruited using an online invitation and divided into two samples (early and late sections). The variables—salience of news, intrusive thoughts, endogenous attention, and knowledge of COVID-19—have compared between two measurements using independent t-tests. Additionally, a correlational analysis was performed in order to reveal a model of relationships between variables. Results: It was found that despite the increase in infected cases, intrusive thoughts and attentional capture have decreased over time. To describe the relationship between salience of news and attentional capture a conceptual model is presented. Conclusio...
For many years, conflict of interest has been a topic of debate in professional ethics, whereby t... more For many years, conflict of interest has been a topic of debate in professional ethics, whereby the performance of a professional obligation can be potentially affected by a financial or non-financial interest. However, studies on conflict of interest often do not include cognitive perspectives. In this study, it was hypothesized that conflict of interest might shape the perception of the situation in a subconscious manner. To test the hypothesis, we have designed an experiment using one of the well-known empirical paradigms of consciousness studies-the masking paradigm. In three experimental conditions (i.e., conflict of interest, neutral, and alignment of interest), participants were exposed to several subliminal visual stimuli in a series of trials. Results show that interest can have a direct impact on subconscious processes and subsequently perception in such a way that alignment of interest is accompanied by increasing the probability of correct perception, and conflict of interest would lead to more wrong perception. Finally, some of the impacts of this cognitive bias on scientific observation, data management, and underdetermination resolution are investigated.
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