Philosophy of Information, PI, as envisaged by Floridi means a paradigm shift in philosophy, with... more Philosophy of Information, PI, as envisaged by Floridi means a paradigm shift in philosophy, with both ontology and epistemology being based on information, instead of knowledge. That means that the fine structure of both philosophical disciplines becomes explicit, which allows for fundamentally new conceptualizations and interpretations. PI represents thus the ideal domain for the development of new logical approaches, including logical pluralism. One of the claims this paper will make is that logical pluralism comes as a natural consequence of the new multi-agent, concurrent, interactive understanding of computing, which in its turn is understood as information processing. The argument is based on the unified view of information/computation phenomena. Information is defined as a result of computation. Two concepts, information and computation are considered as dual in a sense that they are two manifestations of the same physical reality of matter-energy. Information is a pattern, ...
Three special issues of Entropy journal have been dedicated to the topics of “Information-Process... more Three special issues of Entropy journal have been dedicated to the topics of “Information-Processing and Embodied, Embedded, Enactive Cognition”. They addressed morphological computing, cognitive agency, and the evolution of cognition. The contributions show the diversity of views present in the research community on the topic of computation and its relation to cognition. This paper is an attempt to elucidate current debates on computation that are central to cognitive science. It is written in the form of a dialog between two authors representing two opposed positions regarding the issue of what computation is and could be, and how it can be related to cognition. Given the different backgrounds of the two researchers, which span physics, philosophy of computing and information, cognitive science, and philosophy, we found the discussions in the form of Socratic dialogue appropriate for this multidisciplinary/cross-disciplinary conceptual analysis. We proceed as follows. First, the p...
Cognition, historically considered uniquely human capacity, has been recently found to be the abi... more Cognition, historically considered uniquely human capacity, has been recently found to be the ability of all living organisms, from single cells and up. This study approaches cognition from an info-computational stance, in which structures in nature are seen as information, and processes (information dynamics) are seen as computation, from the perspective of a cognizing agent. Cognition is understood as a network of concurrent morphological/morphogenetic computations unfolding as a result of self-assembly, self-organization, and autopoiesis of physical, chemical, and biological agents. The present-day human-centric view of cognition still prevailing in major encyclopedias has a variety of open problems. This article considers recent research about morphological computation, morphogenesis, agency, basal cognition, extended evolutionary synthesis, free energy principle, cognition as Bayesian learning, active inference, and related topics, offering new theoretical and practical perspec...
Современная натурфилософия динамично развивается как сфера науки и является основой для комплексн... more Современная натурфилософия динамично развивается как сфера науки и является основой для комплексного подхода к рассмотрению естественных, искусственных практик и социально-гуманитарного знания. Как теоретические, так и практические знания приобретаются, систематизируются, накапливаются в активном и пассивном виде в процессе обучения. В данной статье рассматривается взаимосвязь между современными достижениями в понимании процесса обучения в различных научных сферах: прикладных науках об искусственном интеллекте (глубокое обучение, робототехника), естественных науках (нейробиология, когнитивистика, биология) и философии (вычислительная философия, философия сознания, натурфилософия). Рассматривается вопрос о том, что именно может помочь текущему развитию машинного обучения и искусственного интеллекта на данном этапе, вдохновленному естественными процессами, в частности: вычислительными моделями, например информационно-вычислительными методами морфологических вычислений. Помимо этого ра...
Fungal organisms can perceive the outer world in a way similar to what animals sense. Does that m... more Fungal organisms can perceive the outer world in a way similar to what animals sense. Does that mean that they have full awareness of their environment and themselves? Is a fungus a conscious entity? In laboratory experiments we found that fungi produce patterns of electrical activity, similar to neurons. There are low and high frequency oscillations and convoys of spike trains. The neural-like electrical activity is yet another manifestation of the fungal intelligence. In this paper we discuss fungal cognitive capabilities and intelligence in evolutionary perspective, and question whether fungi are conscious and what does fungal consciousness mean, considering their exhibiting of complex behaviours, a wide spectrum of sensory abilities, learning, memory and decision making. We overview experimental evidences of consciousness found in fungi. Our conclusions allow us to give a positive answer to the important research questions of fungal cognition, intelligence and forms of conscious...
From its very beginnings in early 90's as an informal endeavor promoted by Michael Conrad and... more From its very beginnings in early 90's as an informal endeavor promoted by Michael Conrad and Pedro C. Marijuán, the FIS initiative (Foundations of Information Science) has been an attempt to rescue the information concept out from its classical controversies and use it as a central scientific tool, so as to serve as a basis for a new, fundamental disciplinary development-Information Science [Marijuán, 2017]. The FIS discussion list has been an essential instrument to keep alive the Foundations of Information Science initiative [FIS List, 2017]. This paper presents a part of a concrete discussion about interconnections between concepts "Data" and "Information" which became a step to more clear definitions of both concepts.
Aleksey Voloshin (Ukraine) Lyudmila Lyadova (Russia) Alexander Eremeev (Russia) Martin P. Mintche... more Aleksey Voloshin (Ukraine) Lyudmila Lyadova (Russia) Alexander Eremeev (Russia) Martin P. Mintchev (Canada) Alexander Kleshchev (Russia) Natalia Bilous (Ukraine) Alexander Palagin (Ukraine) Natalia Pankratova (Ukraine) Alfredo Milani (Italy) Rumyana Kirkova (Bulgaria) Avram Eskenazi (Bulgaria) Stoyan Poryazov (Bulgaria) Boris Fedunov (Russia) Tatyana Gavrilova (Russia) Galina Rybina (Russia) Tea Munjishvili (Georgia) Hasmik Sahakyan (Armenia) Valeriya Gribova (Russia) Ilia Mitov (Bulgaria) Vasil Sgurev (Bulgaria) Juan Castellanos (Spain) Vitalii Velychko (Ukraine) Koen Vanhoof (Belgium) Vitaliy Lozovskiy (Ukraine) Krassimira B. Ivanova (Bulgaria) International Journal "INFORMATION THEORIES & APPLICATIONS" (IJ ITA) is official publisher of the scientific papers of the members of the ITHEA International Scientific Society IJ ITA welcomes scientific papers connected with any information theory or its application. IJ ITA rules for preparing the manuscripts are compulsory. The ...
In this work we address the belief that cognitive processes such as emotions cannot be modelled c... more In this work we address the belief that cognitive processes such as emotions cannot be modelled computationally. We base our argument on info-computational naturalist approach to cognition, where computation is understood as information processing on several levels of organisation of cognitive agency, and where an agent is defined as an entity capable to act on its own behalf. We also argue that Daniel Kahneman’s fast and slow thinking systems can be explained within our model. In doing so we connect information, computation and cognition as a dynamic triangular relationship.
for Computing and Philosophy) merged their annual symposia/conferences to form the AISB/IACAP Wor... more for Computing and Philosophy) merged their annual symposia/conferences to form the AISB/IACAP World Congress. The congress took place 2–6 July 2012 at the University of Birmingham, UK. The Congress was inspired by a desire to honour Alan Turing, and by the broad and deep significance of Turing’s work to AI, the philosophical ramifications of computing, and philosophy and computing more generally. The Congress was one of the events forming the Alan Turing Year. The Congress consisted mainly of a number of collocated Symposia on specific research areas, together with six invited Plenary Talks. All papers other than the Plenaries were given within Symposia. This format is perfect for encouraging new dialogue and collaboration both within and between research areas. This volume forms the proceedings of one of the component symposia. We are most grateful to the organizers of the Symposium for their hard work in creating it, attracting papers, doing the necessary reviewing, defining an ex...
Computational models and tools provide increasingly solid foundations for the study of cognition ... more Computational models and tools provide increasingly solid foundations for the study of cognition and model-based reasoning, with knowledge generation in different types of cognising agents, from the simplest ones like bacteria to the complex human distributed cognition. After the introduction of the computational turn, we proceed to models of computation and the relationship between information and computation. A distinction is made between mathematical and computational (executable) models, which are central for biology, and cognition. Computation as it appears in cognitive systems is physical, natural, embodied and distributed computation, and we explain how it relates to the symbol manipulation view of classical computationalism. As present day models of distributed, asynchronous, heterogeneous and concurrent networks are becoming increasingly well suited for modelling of cognitive systems with their dynamic properties, they can be used to study mechanisms of abduction and scientific discovery. We conclude the chapter with the presentation of software modelling with computationally automated reasoning and the discussion of model transformations and separation between semantics and ontology.
Recent comprehensive overview of 40 years of research in cognitive architectures, (Kotseruba and ... more Recent comprehensive overview of 40 years of research in cognitive architectures, (Kotseruba and Tsotsos 2020), evaluates modelling of the core cognitive abilities in humans, but only marginally addresses biologically plausible approaches based on natural computation. This mini review presents a set of perspectives and approaches which have shaped the development of biologically inspired computational models in the recent past that can lead to the development of biologically more realistic cognitive architectures. For describing continuum of natural cognitive architectures, from basal cellular to human-level cognition, we use evolutionary info-computational framework, where natural/ physical/ morphological computation leads to evolution of increasingly complex cognitive systems. Forty years ago, when the first cognitive architectures have been proposed, understanding of cognition, embodiment and evolution was different. So was the state of the art of information physics, bioinformat...
Philosophy of Information, PI, as envisaged by Floridi means a paradigm shift in philosophy, with... more Philosophy of Information, PI, as envisaged by Floridi means a paradigm shift in philosophy, with both ontology and epistemology being based on information, instead of knowledge. That means that the fine structure of both philosophical disciplines becomes explicit, which allows for fundamentally new conceptualizations and interpretations. PI represents thus the ideal domain for the development of new logical approaches, including logical pluralism. One of the claims this paper will make is that logical pluralism comes as a natural consequence of the new multi-agent, concurrent, interactive understanding of computing, which in its turn is understood as information processing. The argument is based on the unified view of information/computation phenomena. Information is defined as a result of computation. Two concepts, information and computation are considered as dual in a sense that they are two manifestations of the same physical reality of matter-energy. Information is a pattern, ...
Three special issues of Entropy journal have been dedicated to the topics of “Information-Process... more Three special issues of Entropy journal have been dedicated to the topics of “Information-Processing and Embodied, Embedded, Enactive Cognition”. They addressed morphological computing, cognitive agency, and the evolution of cognition. The contributions show the diversity of views present in the research community on the topic of computation and its relation to cognition. This paper is an attempt to elucidate current debates on computation that are central to cognitive science. It is written in the form of a dialog between two authors representing two opposed positions regarding the issue of what computation is and could be, and how it can be related to cognition. Given the different backgrounds of the two researchers, which span physics, philosophy of computing and information, cognitive science, and philosophy, we found the discussions in the form of Socratic dialogue appropriate for this multidisciplinary/cross-disciplinary conceptual analysis. We proceed as follows. First, the p...
Cognition, historically considered uniquely human capacity, has been recently found to be the abi... more Cognition, historically considered uniquely human capacity, has been recently found to be the ability of all living organisms, from single cells and up. This study approaches cognition from an info-computational stance, in which structures in nature are seen as information, and processes (information dynamics) are seen as computation, from the perspective of a cognizing agent. Cognition is understood as a network of concurrent morphological/morphogenetic computations unfolding as a result of self-assembly, self-organization, and autopoiesis of physical, chemical, and biological agents. The present-day human-centric view of cognition still prevailing in major encyclopedias has a variety of open problems. This article considers recent research about morphological computation, morphogenesis, agency, basal cognition, extended evolutionary synthesis, free energy principle, cognition as Bayesian learning, active inference, and related topics, offering new theoretical and practical perspec...
Современная натурфилософия динамично развивается как сфера науки и является основой для комплексн... more Современная натурфилософия динамично развивается как сфера науки и является основой для комплексного подхода к рассмотрению естественных, искусственных практик и социально-гуманитарного знания. Как теоретические, так и практические знания приобретаются, систематизируются, накапливаются в активном и пассивном виде в процессе обучения. В данной статье рассматривается взаимосвязь между современными достижениями в понимании процесса обучения в различных научных сферах: прикладных науках об искусственном интеллекте (глубокое обучение, робототехника), естественных науках (нейробиология, когнитивистика, биология) и философии (вычислительная философия, философия сознания, натурфилософия). Рассматривается вопрос о том, что именно может помочь текущему развитию машинного обучения и искусственного интеллекта на данном этапе, вдохновленному естественными процессами, в частности: вычислительными моделями, например информационно-вычислительными методами морфологических вычислений. Помимо этого ра...
Fungal organisms can perceive the outer world in a way similar to what animals sense. Does that m... more Fungal organisms can perceive the outer world in a way similar to what animals sense. Does that mean that they have full awareness of their environment and themselves? Is a fungus a conscious entity? In laboratory experiments we found that fungi produce patterns of electrical activity, similar to neurons. There are low and high frequency oscillations and convoys of spike trains. The neural-like electrical activity is yet another manifestation of the fungal intelligence. In this paper we discuss fungal cognitive capabilities and intelligence in evolutionary perspective, and question whether fungi are conscious and what does fungal consciousness mean, considering their exhibiting of complex behaviours, a wide spectrum of sensory abilities, learning, memory and decision making. We overview experimental evidences of consciousness found in fungi. Our conclusions allow us to give a positive answer to the important research questions of fungal cognition, intelligence and forms of conscious...
From its very beginnings in early 90's as an informal endeavor promoted by Michael Conrad and... more From its very beginnings in early 90's as an informal endeavor promoted by Michael Conrad and Pedro C. Marijuán, the FIS initiative (Foundations of Information Science) has been an attempt to rescue the information concept out from its classical controversies and use it as a central scientific tool, so as to serve as a basis for a new, fundamental disciplinary development-Information Science [Marijuán, 2017]. The FIS discussion list has been an essential instrument to keep alive the Foundations of Information Science initiative [FIS List, 2017]. This paper presents a part of a concrete discussion about interconnections between concepts "Data" and "Information" which became a step to more clear definitions of both concepts.
Aleksey Voloshin (Ukraine) Lyudmila Lyadova (Russia) Alexander Eremeev (Russia) Martin P. Mintche... more Aleksey Voloshin (Ukraine) Lyudmila Lyadova (Russia) Alexander Eremeev (Russia) Martin P. Mintchev (Canada) Alexander Kleshchev (Russia) Natalia Bilous (Ukraine) Alexander Palagin (Ukraine) Natalia Pankratova (Ukraine) Alfredo Milani (Italy) Rumyana Kirkova (Bulgaria) Avram Eskenazi (Bulgaria) Stoyan Poryazov (Bulgaria) Boris Fedunov (Russia) Tatyana Gavrilova (Russia) Galina Rybina (Russia) Tea Munjishvili (Georgia) Hasmik Sahakyan (Armenia) Valeriya Gribova (Russia) Ilia Mitov (Bulgaria) Vasil Sgurev (Bulgaria) Juan Castellanos (Spain) Vitalii Velychko (Ukraine) Koen Vanhoof (Belgium) Vitaliy Lozovskiy (Ukraine) Krassimira B. Ivanova (Bulgaria) International Journal "INFORMATION THEORIES & APPLICATIONS" (IJ ITA) is official publisher of the scientific papers of the members of the ITHEA International Scientific Society IJ ITA welcomes scientific papers connected with any information theory or its application. IJ ITA rules for preparing the manuscripts are compulsory. The ...
In this work we address the belief that cognitive processes such as emotions cannot be modelled c... more In this work we address the belief that cognitive processes such as emotions cannot be modelled computationally. We base our argument on info-computational naturalist approach to cognition, where computation is understood as information processing on several levels of organisation of cognitive agency, and where an agent is defined as an entity capable to act on its own behalf. We also argue that Daniel Kahneman’s fast and slow thinking systems can be explained within our model. In doing so we connect information, computation and cognition as a dynamic triangular relationship.
for Computing and Philosophy) merged their annual symposia/conferences to form the AISB/IACAP Wor... more for Computing and Philosophy) merged their annual symposia/conferences to form the AISB/IACAP World Congress. The congress took place 2–6 July 2012 at the University of Birmingham, UK. The Congress was inspired by a desire to honour Alan Turing, and by the broad and deep significance of Turing’s work to AI, the philosophical ramifications of computing, and philosophy and computing more generally. The Congress was one of the events forming the Alan Turing Year. The Congress consisted mainly of a number of collocated Symposia on specific research areas, together with six invited Plenary Talks. All papers other than the Plenaries were given within Symposia. This format is perfect for encouraging new dialogue and collaboration both within and between research areas. This volume forms the proceedings of one of the component symposia. We are most grateful to the organizers of the Symposium for their hard work in creating it, attracting papers, doing the necessary reviewing, defining an ex...
Computational models and tools provide increasingly solid foundations for the study of cognition ... more Computational models and tools provide increasingly solid foundations for the study of cognition and model-based reasoning, with knowledge generation in different types of cognising agents, from the simplest ones like bacteria to the complex human distributed cognition. After the introduction of the computational turn, we proceed to models of computation and the relationship between information and computation. A distinction is made between mathematical and computational (executable) models, which are central for biology, and cognition. Computation as it appears in cognitive systems is physical, natural, embodied and distributed computation, and we explain how it relates to the symbol manipulation view of classical computationalism. As present day models of distributed, asynchronous, heterogeneous and concurrent networks are becoming increasingly well suited for modelling of cognitive systems with their dynamic properties, they can be used to study mechanisms of abduction and scientific discovery. We conclude the chapter with the presentation of software modelling with computationally automated reasoning and the discussion of model transformations and separation between semantics and ontology.
Recent comprehensive overview of 40 years of research in cognitive architectures, (Kotseruba and ... more Recent comprehensive overview of 40 years of research in cognitive architectures, (Kotseruba and Tsotsos 2020), evaluates modelling of the core cognitive abilities in humans, but only marginally addresses biologically plausible approaches based on natural computation. This mini review presents a set of perspectives and approaches which have shaped the development of biologically inspired computational models in the recent past that can lead to the development of biologically more realistic cognitive architectures. For describing continuum of natural cognitive architectures, from basal cellular to human-level cognition, we use evolutionary info-computational framework, where natural/ physical/ morphological computation leads to evolution of increasingly complex cognitive systems. Forty years ago, when the first cognitive architectures have been proposed, understanding of cognition, embodiment and evolution was different. So was the state of the art of information physics, bioinformat...
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