International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)
Internet of things (IoT) makes it attainable for connecting different various smart objects toget... more Internet of things (IoT) makes it attainable for connecting different various smart objects together with the internet. The evolutionary medical model towards medicine can be boosted by IoT with involving sensors such as environmental sensors inside the internal environment of a small room with a specific purpose of monitoring of person's health with a kind of assistance which can be remotely controlled. RF identification (RFID) technology is smart enough to provide personal healthcare providing part of the IoT physical layer through low-cost sensors. Recently researchers have shown more IoT applications in the health service department using RFID technology which also increases real-time data collection. IoT platform which is used in the following research is Blynk and RFID technology for the user's better health analyses and security purposes by developing a two-level secured platform to store the acquired data in the database using RFID and Steganography. Steganography te...
The great increase in user demand to roam among various wired and wireless communications network... more The great increase in user demand to roam among various wired and wireless communications networks without affecting the signal quality has attracted many researchers to investigate about the best handover decision criteria that promote seamless handover. IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) standard can be considered the best candidate for handling both horizontal and vertical handover. In this work, we propose a new decision criteria based on MIH signalling between WLAN and WiMAX networks, which depend on the received Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) instead of the traditional Received Signal Strength (RSS) criteria. In order to provide QoS inside the integrated network environment, the proposed Vertical Handover Decision (VHD) provides the knowledge of the achievable bandwidth from both networks by using the received SINR. Simulated-based outputs along with the analytical results have confirmed that our proposal offer better performance during the handover stage
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2020
Global mobile communication necessitates improved capacity and proper quality assurance for servi... more Global mobile communication necessitates improved capacity and proper quality assurance for services. To achieve these requirements, small cells have been deployed intensively by long term evolution (LTE) networks operators beside conventional base station structure to provide customers with better service and capacity coverage. Accomplishment of seamless handover between Macrocell layer (first tier) and Femtocell layer (second tier) is one of the key challenges to attain the QoS requirements. Handover related information gathering becomes very hard in high dense femtocell networks, effective handover decision techniques are important to minimize unnecessary handovers occurred and avoid Ping-Pong effect. In this work, we proposed and implemented an efficient handover decision procedure based on users’ profiles using Q-learning technique in an LTE-A macrocell-femtocell networks. New multi-criterion handover decision parameters are proposed in typical/dense femtocells in microcells en...
2013 IEEE 3rd International Conference on System Engineering and Technology, 2013
ABSTRACT The great increase in user demand to roam among various wired and wireless communication... more ABSTRACT The great increase in user demand to roam among various wired and wireless communications networks without affecting the signal quality has attracted many researchers to investigate about the best handover decision criteria that promote seamless handover. IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) standard can be considered to be the best environment for handling both horizontal and vertical handover. In this work, we propose a new decision criteria based on MIH signalling among WLAN and WiMAX networks which depend on the received Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) instead of the traditional Received Signal Strength (RSS) criteria. In order to provide multimedia QoS inside the integrated network environment, the proposed VHD provides the knowledge of the achievable bandwidth from both networks by using the received SINR. Simulation-based outputs along with analytical results have confirmed that our proposal would offer the end user with better performance during the handover stage.
2012 IEEE Symposium on Computers & Informatics (ISCI), 2012
Seamless handover between different access technologies is a great challenge as it needs to obey ... more Seamless handover between different access technologies is a great challenge as it needs to obey different performance of QoS and security constraints. Subscribers are becoming more demanding regarding roaming capabilities across different networking technologies such as WiFi, WiMAX, and CDMA as they claim service continuity with QoS requirement and good security features. In this paper, a QoS based vertical handover
Universal mobile networks require enhanced capability and appropriate quality of service (QoS) an... more Universal mobile networks require enhanced capability and appropriate quality of service (QoS) and experience (QoE). To achieve this, Long Term Evolution (LTE) system operators have intensively deployed femtocells (HeNBs) along with macrocells (eNBs) to offer user equipment (UE) with optimal capacity coverage and best quality of service. To achieve the requirement of QoS in the handover stage among macrocells and femtocells we need a seamless cell selection mechanism. Cell selection requirements are considered a difficult task in femtocell-based networks and effective cell selection procedures are essential to reduce the ping-pong phenomenon and to minimize needless handovers. In this study, we propose a seamless cell selection scheme for macrocell-femtocell LTE systems, based on the Q-learning environment. A novel cell selection mechanism is proposed for high-density femtocell network topologies to evaluate the target base station in the handover stage. We used the LTE-Sim simulato...
Seamless handover between different access technologies is a great challenge as it needs to obey ... more Seamless handover between different access technologies is a great challenge as it needs to obey different performance of QoS and security constraints. Subscribers are becoming more demanding regarding roaming capabilities across different networking technologies such as WiFi, WiMAX, and CDMA as they claim service continuity with QoS requirement and good security features. In this paper, a QoS based vertical handover mechanism between WiMAX and WiFi networks is proposed by applying the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio SINR. The Media Independent Handover MIH (IEEE 802.21) protocol is adopted to assist in the handover decisions by providing a suitable platform for vertical handovers. The performance of the proposed SINR based vertical handover algorithm and RSS based vertical handover algorithm have been evaluated in terms of the maximum downlink throughputs.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2021
Internet of things (IoT) makes it attainable for connecting different various smart objects toget... more Internet of things (IoT) makes it attainable for connecting different various smart objects together with the internet. The evolutionary medical model towards medicine can be boosted by IoT with involving sensors such as environmental sensors inside the internal environment of a small room with a specific purpose of monitoring of person's health with a kind of assistance which can be remotely controlled. RF identification (RFID) technology is smart enough to provide personal healthcare providing part of the IoT physical layer through low-cost sensors. Recently researchers have shown more IoT applications in the health service department using RFID technology which also increases real-time data collection. IoT platform which is used in the following research is Blynk and RFID technology for the user's better health analyses and security purposes by developing a two-level secured platform to store the acquired data in the database using RFID and Steganography. Steganography technique is used to make the user data more secure than ever. There were certain privacy concerns which are resolved using this technique. Smart healthcare medical box is designed using SolidWorks health measuring sensors that have been used in the prototype to analyze real-time data.
Universal mobile networks require enhanced capability and appropriate quality of service QoS and ... more Universal mobile networks require enhanced capability and appropriate quality of service QoS and experience QoE. To accomplish such needs, Long Term Evolution LTE systems operators have deployed femtocells (HeNBs) intensively along with macrocells (eNBs) to offer user equipment UE with optimal capacity coverage and best quality of service. One of the challenges to achieve the QoS requirements in the handover stage among macrocells and femtocells is to have seamless cell selection mechanism. Cell selection requirements is considered as a difficult task in femtocells based networks, effective cell selection techniques are important to minimize unnecessary handovers occurred and avoid Ping-Pong effect. In this work, we proposed and implemented a seamless cell selection scheme based on a Q-learning environment in LTE macrocell-femtocell networks. New cell selection mechanism is suggested in high density femtocells networks topology to evaluate the target cell for handover stage. The cell selection procedures are implemented and evaluated using the LTE-Sim simulator under an urban environment. The simulation results are encouraging; a reduction in the control signaling rate was observed, at the same time the system throughput was increased.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2020
Global mobile communication necessitates improved capacity and proper quality assurance for servi... more Global mobile communication necessitates improved capacity and proper quality assurance for services. To achieve these requirements, small cells have been deployed intensively by long term evolution (LTE) networks operators beside conventional base station structure to provide customers with better service and capacity coverage. Accomplishment of seamless handover between Macrocell layer (first tier) and Femtocell layer (second tier) is one of the key challenges to attain the QoS requirements. Handover related information gathering becomes very hard in high dense femtocell networks, effective handover decision techniques are important to minimize unnecessary handovers occurred and avoid Ping-Pong effect. In this work, we proposed and implemented an efficient handover decision procedure based on users' profiles using Q-learning technique in an LTE-A macrocell-femtocell networks. New multi-criterion handover decision parameters are proposed in typical/dense femtocells in microcells environment to estimate the target cell for handover. The proposed handover algorithms are validated using the LTE-Sim simulator under an urban environment. The simulation results showed noteworthy reduction in the average number of handovers. 1. INTRODUCTION Dependency on using the handover procedure in long term evolution advanced (LTE-A) networks for the User Equipment UE mobility results in the reduction in wireless network complexity [1]. In spite of this advantage, the handover still experiences multifunction. For example, the handover decision is affected by carrier interferences and inflexibility [2-4]. This keeps us with the QoS requirements in high delay and loss during handover among cells [5]. The handover procedure will become more critical when the UE starts moving from the serving station to the target station [6]. Furthermore, the smooth handover technique needs to be periodic and fast, and the data transfer should not be lost and delayed. Even more, the increasing demands for using wireless broadband has led to the mobile network operators deploying more wireless cells of various types (macrocell (eNB) and femtocell (HeNB)) to fulfil the data traffic rate [7]. Thus, a handover between the two-tier networks will cause an unnecessary handover effect, handover failure and a drop in the performance of the wireless network. The Figure 1 shows eNB and HeNBs cells in E-UTRAN LTE-A architecture. The standard handover decision in LTE-A is based on the received signal strength (RSS) and received signal quality (RSQ) parameters. Thus, the deployment of dense HeNBs inside the eNB cell would increase the interference. This interference reduces the RSQ by decreasing the RSS ratio in comparison to the Received Signal Strength Indicator RSSI. As a result, a degradation in handover performance is
2012 IEEE Symposium on Computers & Informatics, 2012
Seamless handover between different access technologies is a great challenge as it needs to obey ... more Seamless handover between different access technologies is a great challenge as it needs to obey different performance of QoS and security constraints. Subscribers are becoming more demanding regarding roaming capabilities across different networking technologies such as WiFi, WiMAX, and CDMA as they claim service continuity with QoS requirement and good security features. In this paper, a QoS based vertical handover mechanism between WiMAX and WiFi networks is proposed by applying the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio SINR. The Media Independent Handover MIH (IEEE 802.21) protocol is adopted to assist in the handover decisions by providing a suitable platform for vertical handovers. The performance of the proposed SINR based vertical handover algorithm and RSS based vertical handover algorithm have been evaluated in terms of the maximum downlink throughputs.
2013 IEEE 3rd International Conference on System Engineering and Technology, 19 - 20 Aug. 2013, Shah Alam, Malaysia, 2013
The great increase in user demand to roam among various wired and wireless communications network... more The great increase in user demand to roam among various wired and wireless communications networks without affecting the signal quality has attracted many researchers to investigate about the best handover decision criteria that promote seamless handover. IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) standard can be considered to be the best environment for handling both horizontal and vertical handover. In this work, we propose a new decision criteria based on MIH signalling among WLAN and WiMAX networks which depend on the received S ignal to Interference and Noise Ratio (S INR) instead of the traditional Received S ignal S trength (RS S) criteria. In order to provide multimedia QoS inside the integrated network environment, the proposed VHD provides the knowledge of the achievable bandwidth from both networks by using the re ceived S INR. S imulation-based outputs along with analytical results have confirmed that our proposal would offer the end user with better performance during the handover stage.
Subscribers are becoming more demanding regarding roaming capabilities across different networkin... more Subscribers are becoming more demanding regarding roaming capabilities across different networking technologies such as WLAN, WiMAX, and CDMA as they claim service continuity with QoS requirement and good security features. To achieve seamless handover between different access technologies is a great challenge as it needs to obey different performance of QoS and security constraints. Heterogeneous handover requires collecting network information
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)
Internet of things (IoT) makes it attainable for connecting different various smart objects toget... more Internet of things (IoT) makes it attainable for connecting different various smart objects together with the internet. The evolutionary medical model towards medicine can be boosted by IoT with involving sensors such as environmental sensors inside the internal environment of a small room with a specific purpose of monitoring of person's health with a kind of assistance which can be remotely controlled. RF identification (RFID) technology is smart enough to provide personal healthcare providing part of the IoT physical layer through low-cost sensors. Recently researchers have shown more IoT applications in the health service department using RFID technology which also increases real-time data collection. IoT platform which is used in the following research is Blynk and RFID technology for the user's better health analyses and security purposes by developing a two-level secured platform to store the acquired data in the database using RFID and Steganography. Steganography te...
The great increase in user demand to roam among various wired and wireless communications network... more The great increase in user demand to roam among various wired and wireless communications networks without affecting the signal quality has attracted many researchers to investigate about the best handover decision criteria that promote seamless handover. IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) standard can be considered the best candidate for handling both horizontal and vertical handover. In this work, we propose a new decision criteria based on MIH signalling between WLAN and WiMAX networks, which depend on the received Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) instead of the traditional Received Signal Strength (RSS) criteria. In order to provide QoS inside the integrated network environment, the proposed Vertical Handover Decision (VHD) provides the knowledge of the achievable bandwidth from both networks by using the received SINR. Simulated-based outputs along with the analytical results have confirmed that our proposal offer better performance during the handover stage
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2020
Global mobile communication necessitates improved capacity and proper quality assurance for servi... more Global mobile communication necessitates improved capacity and proper quality assurance for services. To achieve these requirements, small cells have been deployed intensively by long term evolution (LTE) networks operators beside conventional base station structure to provide customers with better service and capacity coverage. Accomplishment of seamless handover between Macrocell layer (first tier) and Femtocell layer (second tier) is one of the key challenges to attain the QoS requirements. Handover related information gathering becomes very hard in high dense femtocell networks, effective handover decision techniques are important to minimize unnecessary handovers occurred and avoid Ping-Pong effect. In this work, we proposed and implemented an efficient handover decision procedure based on users’ profiles using Q-learning technique in an LTE-A macrocell-femtocell networks. New multi-criterion handover decision parameters are proposed in typical/dense femtocells in microcells en...
2013 IEEE 3rd International Conference on System Engineering and Technology, 2013
ABSTRACT The great increase in user demand to roam among various wired and wireless communication... more ABSTRACT The great increase in user demand to roam among various wired and wireless communications networks without affecting the signal quality has attracted many researchers to investigate about the best handover decision criteria that promote seamless handover. IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) standard can be considered to be the best environment for handling both horizontal and vertical handover. In this work, we propose a new decision criteria based on MIH signalling among WLAN and WiMAX networks which depend on the received Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) instead of the traditional Received Signal Strength (RSS) criteria. In order to provide multimedia QoS inside the integrated network environment, the proposed VHD provides the knowledge of the achievable bandwidth from both networks by using the received SINR. Simulation-based outputs along with analytical results have confirmed that our proposal would offer the end user with better performance during the handover stage.
2012 IEEE Symposium on Computers & Informatics (ISCI), 2012
Seamless handover between different access technologies is a great challenge as it needs to obey ... more Seamless handover between different access technologies is a great challenge as it needs to obey different performance of QoS and security constraints. Subscribers are becoming more demanding regarding roaming capabilities across different networking technologies such as WiFi, WiMAX, and CDMA as they claim service continuity with QoS requirement and good security features. In this paper, a QoS based vertical handover
Universal mobile networks require enhanced capability and appropriate quality of service (QoS) an... more Universal mobile networks require enhanced capability and appropriate quality of service (QoS) and experience (QoE). To achieve this, Long Term Evolution (LTE) system operators have intensively deployed femtocells (HeNBs) along with macrocells (eNBs) to offer user equipment (UE) with optimal capacity coverage and best quality of service. To achieve the requirement of QoS in the handover stage among macrocells and femtocells we need a seamless cell selection mechanism. Cell selection requirements are considered a difficult task in femtocell-based networks and effective cell selection procedures are essential to reduce the ping-pong phenomenon and to minimize needless handovers. In this study, we propose a seamless cell selection scheme for macrocell-femtocell LTE systems, based on the Q-learning environment. A novel cell selection mechanism is proposed for high-density femtocell network topologies to evaluate the target base station in the handover stage. We used the LTE-Sim simulato...
Seamless handover between different access technologies is a great challenge as it needs to obey ... more Seamless handover between different access technologies is a great challenge as it needs to obey different performance of QoS and security constraints. Subscribers are becoming more demanding regarding roaming capabilities across different networking technologies such as WiFi, WiMAX, and CDMA as they claim service continuity with QoS requirement and good security features. In this paper, a QoS based vertical handover mechanism between WiMAX and WiFi networks is proposed by applying the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio SINR. The Media Independent Handover MIH (IEEE 802.21) protocol is adopted to assist in the handover decisions by providing a suitable platform for vertical handovers. The performance of the proposed SINR based vertical handover algorithm and RSS based vertical handover algorithm have been evaluated in terms of the maximum downlink throughputs.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2021
Internet of things (IoT) makes it attainable for connecting different various smart objects toget... more Internet of things (IoT) makes it attainable for connecting different various smart objects together with the internet. The evolutionary medical model towards medicine can be boosted by IoT with involving sensors such as environmental sensors inside the internal environment of a small room with a specific purpose of monitoring of person's health with a kind of assistance which can be remotely controlled. RF identification (RFID) technology is smart enough to provide personal healthcare providing part of the IoT physical layer through low-cost sensors. Recently researchers have shown more IoT applications in the health service department using RFID technology which also increases real-time data collection. IoT platform which is used in the following research is Blynk and RFID technology for the user's better health analyses and security purposes by developing a two-level secured platform to store the acquired data in the database using RFID and Steganography. Steganography technique is used to make the user data more secure than ever. There were certain privacy concerns which are resolved using this technique. Smart healthcare medical box is designed using SolidWorks health measuring sensors that have been used in the prototype to analyze real-time data.
Universal mobile networks require enhanced capability and appropriate quality of service QoS and ... more Universal mobile networks require enhanced capability and appropriate quality of service QoS and experience QoE. To accomplish such needs, Long Term Evolution LTE systems operators have deployed femtocells (HeNBs) intensively along with macrocells (eNBs) to offer user equipment UE with optimal capacity coverage and best quality of service. One of the challenges to achieve the QoS requirements in the handover stage among macrocells and femtocells is to have seamless cell selection mechanism. Cell selection requirements is considered as a difficult task in femtocells based networks, effective cell selection techniques are important to minimize unnecessary handovers occurred and avoid Ping-Pong effect. In this work, we proposed and implemented a seamless cell selection scheme based on a Q-learning environment in LTE macrocell-femtocell networks. New cell selection mechanism is suggested in high density femtocells networks topology to evaluate the target cell for handover stage. The cell selection procedures are implemented and evaluated using the LTE-Sim simulator under an urban environment. The simulation results are encouraging; a reduction in the control signaling rate was observed, at the same time the system throughput was increased.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2020
Global mobile communication necessitates improved capacity and proper quality assurance for servi... more Global mobile communication necessitates improved capacity and proper quality assurance for services. To achieve these requirements, small cells have been deployed intensively by long term evolution (LTE) networks operators beside conventional base station structure to provide customers with better service and capacity coverage. Accomplishment of seamless handover between Macrocell layer (first tier) and Femtocell layer (second tier) is one of the key challenges to attain the QoS requirements. Handover related information gathering becomes very hard in high dense femtocell networks, effective handover decision techniques are important to minimize unnecessary handovers occurred and avoid Ping-Pong effect. In this work, we proposed and implemented an efficient handover decision procedure based on users' profiles using Q-learning technique in an LTE-A macrocell-femtocell networks. New multi-criterion handover decision parameters are proposed in typical/dense femtocells in microcells environment to estimate the target cell for handover. The proposed handover algorithms are validated using the LTE-Sim simulator under an urban environment. The simulation results showed noteworthy reduction in the average number of handovers. 1. INTRODUCTION Dependency on using the handover procedure in long term evolution advanced (LTE-A) networks for the User Equipment UE mobility results in the reduction in wireless network complexity [1]. In spite of this advantage, the handover still experiences multifunction. For example, the handover decision is affected by carrier interferences and inflexibility [2-4]. This keeps us with the QoS requirements in high delay and loss during handover among cells [5]. The handover procedure will become more critical when the UE starts moving from the serving station to the target station [6]. Furthermore, the smooth handover technique needs to be periodic and fast, and the data transfer should not be lost and delayed. Even more, the increasing demands for using wireless broadband has led to the mobile network operators deploying more wireless cells of various types (macrocell (eNB) and femtocell (HeNB)) to fulfil the data traffic rate [7]. Thus, a handover between the two-tier networks will cause an unnecessary handover effect, handover failure and a drop in the performance of the wireless network. The Figure 1 shows eNB and HeNBs cells in E-UTRAN LTE-A architecture. The standard handover decision in LTE-A is based on the received signal strength (RSS) and received signal quality (RSQ) parameters. Thus, the deployment of dense HeNBs inside the eNB cell would increase the interference. This interference reduces the RSQ by decreasing the RSS ratio in comparison to the Received Signal Strength Indicator RSSI. As a result, a degradation in handover performance is
2012 IEEE Symposium on Computers & Informatics, 2012
Seamless handover between different access technologies is a great challenge as it needs to obey ... more Seamless handover between different access technologies is a great challenge as it needs to obey different performance of QoS and security constraints. Subscribers are becoming more demanding regarding roaming capabilities across different networking technologies such as WiFi, WiMAX, and CDMA as they claim service continuity with QoS requirement and good security features. In this paper, a QoS based vertical handover mechanism between WiMAX and WiFi networks is proposed by applying the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio SINR. The Media Independent Handover MIH (IEEE 802.21) protocol is adopted to assist in the handover decisions by providing a suitable platform for vertical handovers. The performance of the proposed SINR based vertical handover algorithm and RSS based vertical handover algorithm have been evaluated in terms of the maximum downlink throughputs.
2013 IEEE 3rd International Conference on System Engineering and Technology, 19 - 20 Aug. 2013, Shah Alam, Malaysia, 2013
The great increase in user demand to roam among various wired and wireless communications network... more The great increase in user demand to roam among various wired and wireless communications networks without affecting the signal quality has attracted many researchers to investigate about the best handover decision criteria that promote seamless handover. IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) standard can be considered to be the best environment for handling both horizontal and vertical handover. In this work, we propose a new decision criteria based on MIH signalling among WLAN and WiMAX networks which depend on the received S ignal to Interference and Noise Ratio (S INR) instead of the traditional Received S ignal S trength (RS S) criteria. In order to provide multimedia QoS inside the integrated network environment, the proposed VHD provides the knowledge of the achievable bandwidth from both networks by using the re ceived S INR. S imulation-based outputs along with analytical results have confirmed that our proposal would offer the end user with better performance during the handover stage.
Subscribers are becoming more demanding regarding roaming capabilities across different networkin... more Subscribers are becoming more demanding regarding roaming capabilities across different networking technologies such as WLAN, WiMAX, and CDMA as they claim service continuity with QoS requirement and good security features. To achieve seamless handover between different access technologies is a great challenge as it needs to obey different performance of QoS and security constraints. Heterogeneous handover requires collecting network information
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