There is some research indicating that the presence of music adversely impacts academic task perf... more There is some research indicating that the presence of music adversely impacts academic task performance. While most of this research involves individuals reading text passages, few studies have explored how graphical representations contribute to the auditory distraction literature. The aim of our study was to investigate if concept maps, a graphical representation that depicts relations among concepts, and linear text differentially affect recall when they are studied in the presence of music. Participants studied a preconstructed concept map or text summary while listening to verbal or nonverbal music. Results indicated that participants who studied the concept map with verbal music recalled significantly more ideas than those who studied the text summary. This result was particularly robust for those with low to moderate prior knowledge in the domain being studied. These findings suggest that the novel structure of concept maps may induce greater concentration, which could provi...
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial... more This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, AIED 2013, held in Memphis, TN, USA in July 2013. The 55 revised full papers presented together with 73 poster presentations were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 168 submissions. The papers are arranged in sessions on student modeling and personalization, open-learner modeling, affective computing and engagement, educational data mining, learning together (collaborative learning and social computing), natural language processing, pedagogical agents, metacognition and self-regulated learning, feedback and scaffolding, designed learning activities, educational games and narrative, and outreach and scaling up.
This research combines work in memory, retrieval practice, and depth of processing research. This... more This research combines work in memory, retrieval practice, and depth of processing research. This work aims to identify how the format and depth of a retrieval practice item can be manipulated to increase the effort required to successfully recall or formulate an answer, with the hypothesis that if the effort required to answer an item is increased there will be more benefit to learning. This hypothesis stems from work on desirable difficulties and the effortful retrieval hypothesis. Our data source was an experiment that used a 2 (question depth: factual, applied) x 2 (answer format: multiple choice, short answer) between-subjects design to investigate the effects of these conditions on retrieval practice performance. The experiment was delivered online though Mechanical Turk (n = 178). A logistic regression predicting performance during practice indicates that participants get more (in terms of an increase in future predicted success) from successful retrievals of items that fall ...
An intelligent textbook may be considered to be an interaction layer that lies between the text a... more An intelligent textbook may be considered to be an interaction layer that lies between the text and the student, helping the student to master the content in the text. The Mobile Fact and Concept Training System (MoFaCTS) is an adaptive instructional system for simple content that has been developed into an interaction layer to mediate textbook instruction and so is being transformed into the Mobile Fact and Concept Textbook System (MoFaCTS). In this project, MoFaCTS is being completely retooled to accept texts from a textbook and to automatically create cloze sentence practice content to help the student learn the material in the text. Additional features in the prototype stage include automatically generated refutational feedback for incorrect cloze responses and a dialog system, which will trigger a short conversation by a tutor to correct conceptual misunderstandings. MoFaCTS administers this content via a web browser, providing the teacher with score reports and class managemen...
Bayesian Knowledge Tracing [1], Performance Factors Analysis [6], MOOC activity analysis [3], and... more Bayesian Knowledge Tracing [1], Performance Factors Analysis [6], MOOC activity analysis [3], and others) or that have been uploaded to LearnSphere as a custom workflow, and (3) sharing their own analysis workflows with the community of researchers. Without any prior programming experience, researchers can use LearnSphere’s drag-and-drop interface to compare, across alternative analysis methods and across many different datasets, model fit metrics like AIC, BIC, and cross validation as well as parameter estimates themselves.
This paper describes the development of a dynamical systems model of motivation and metacognition... more This paper describes the development of a dynamical systems model of motivation and metacognition during learning, which explains some of the practically and theoretically important relationships among three studentengagement constructs and performance metrics during learning. In order to better calibrate and understand the model, the model was also fit with additional fixed factor predictors determined from the factor scores from a factor analysis of the pre-survey given to students. This work mined data from computerized adaptive flashcard learning system to create the dynamical systems model. This flashcard practice included pop-up survey questions on the student’s experience of recent easiness, strategy use, and usefulness, in addition to the correctness performance data for the practice. The dynamical systems model of this data was then used to simulate various student profiles to predict how they would experience the flashcard system. These simulations show how strategy use in...
There is some research indicating that the presence of music adversely impacts academic task perf... more There is some research indicating that the presence of music adversely impacts academic task performance. While most of this research involves individuals reading text passages, few studies have explored how graphical representations contribute to the auditory distraction literature. The aim of our study was to investigate if concept maps, a graphical representation that depicts relations among concepts, and linear text differentially affect recall when they are studied in the presence of music. Participants studied a preconstructed concept map or text summary while listening to verbal or nonverbal music. Results indicated that participants who studied the concept map with verbal music recalled significantly more ideas than those who studied the text summary. This result was particularly robust for those with low to moderate prior knowledge in the domain being studied. These findings suggest that the novel structure of concept maps may induce greater concentration, which could provi...
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial... more This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, AIED 2013, held in Memphis, TN, USA in July 2013. The 55 revised full papers presented together with 73 poster presentations were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 168 submissions. The papers are arranged in sessions on student modeling and personalization, open-learner modeling, affective computing and engagement, educational data mining, learning together (collaborative learning and social computing), natural language processing, pedagogical agents, metacognition and self-regulated learning, feedback and scaffolding, designed learning activities, educational games and narrative, and outreach and scaling up.
This research combines work in memory, retrieval practice, and depth of processing research. This... more This research combines work in memory, retrieval practice, and depth of processing research. This work aims to identify how the format and depth of a retrieval practice item can be manipulated to increase the effort required to successfully recall or formulate an answer, with the hypothesis that if the effort required to answer an item is increased there will be more benefit to learning. This hypothesis stems from work on desirable difficulties and the effortful retrieval hypothesis. Our data source was an experiment that used a 2 (question depth: factual, applied) x 2 (answer format: multiple choice, short answer) between-subjects design to investigate the effects of these conditions on retrieval practice performance. The experiment was delivered online though Mechanical Turk (n = 178). A logistic regression predicting performance during practice indicates that participants get more (in terms of an increase in future predicted success) from successful retrievals of items that fall ...
An intelligent textbook may be considered to be an interaction layer that lies between the text a... more An intelligent textbook may be considered to be an interaction layer that lies between the text and the student, helping the student to master the content in the text. The Mobile Fact and Concept Training System (MoFaCTS) is an adaptive instructional system for simple content that has been developed into an interaction layer to mediate textbook instruction and so is being transformed into the Mobile Fact and Concept Textbook System (MoFaCTS). In this project, MoFaCTS is being completely retooled to accept texts from a textbook and to automatically create cloze sentence practice content to help the student learn the material in the text. Additional features in the prototype stage include automatically generated refutational feedback for incorrect cloze responses and a dialog system, which will trigger a short conversation by a tutor to correct conceptual misunderstandings. MoFaCTS administers this content via a web browser, providing the teacher with score reports and class managemen...
Bayesian Knowledge Tracing [1], Performance Factors Analysis [6], MOOC activity analysis [3], and... more Bayesian Knowledge Tracing [1], Performance Factors Analysis [6], MOOC activity analysis [3], and others) or that have been uploaded to LearnSphere as a custom workflow, and (3) sharing their own analysis workflows with the community of researchers. Without any prior programming experience, researchers can use LearnSphere’s drag-and-drop interface to compare, across alternative analysis methods and across many different datasets, model fit metrics like AIC, BIC, and cross validation as well as parameter estimates themselves.
This paper describes the development of a dynamical systems model of motivation and metacognition... more This paper describes the development of a dynamical systems model of motivation and metacognition during learning, which explains some of the practically and theoretically important relationships among three studentengagement constructs and performance metrics during learning. In order to better calibrate and understand the model, the model was also fit with additional fixed factor predictors determined from the factor scores from a factor analysis of the pre-survey given to students. This work mined data from computerized adaptive flashcard learning system to create the dynamical systems model. This flashcard practice included pop-up survey questions on the student’s experience of recent easiness, strategy use, and usefulness, in addition to the correctness performance data for the practice. The dynamical systems model of this data was then used to simulate various student profiles to predict how they would experience the flashcard system. These simulations show how strategy use in...
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