ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance t... more ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A simple and mild process for oxidation of xylenes to phthalic acids using N-hydroxyphthalimide/O... more A simple and mild process for oxidation of xylenes to phthalic acids using N-hydroxyphthalimide/O2/HNO3 in an ionic liquid, wherein the ionic liquid can be successfully recovered and reused, is described.
Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 2007
Triphenylphosphine reacts with dimethyl methoxymalonate in the presence of alkyl propiolates or d... more Triphenylphosphine reacts with dimethyl methoxymalonate in the presence of alkyl propiolates or dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates to produce trialkyl 3-(1,1,1-triphenyl-λ-phosphanylidene)-1-propene-1,1,2-tricarboxylates or tetraalkyl 3-(1,1,1-triphenyl-λ -phosphanylidene)-1-propene-1,1,2,3-tetracarboxylates in good yields.
ABSTRACT Acetic and formic acid impart a high acidity on pyrolysis bio-oil (obtained by fast pyro... more ABSTRACT Acetic and formic acid impart a high acidity on pyrolysis bio-oil (obtained by fast pyrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass), which is one of the factors preventing its direct use as a fuel. At temperatures ≥ 330 °C, Red Mud, a waste byproduct of the aluminum industry produced at >70 million tons p.a., is a good catalyst for thermal decomposition of these acids. Formic acid can serve as an internal source of hydrogen through the formation of synthesis gas and the water gas shift reaction. The formation of C6−C10 hydrocarbons in the nonpolar phase of the resulting product mixture and the identification of C3 and C4 hydrocarbons and CO2 in the gas phase and acetone in the polar liquid phases can be rationalized through mechanisms involving ketene as the intermediate formed by acetic acid dehydration, with subsequent formation of acetone. Higher hydrocarbons, mostly alkanes and alkenes, are then formed through iterative aldol condensation, hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, and deoxygenation reactions of the primary products. During the reaction, the Red Mud used in these reactions undergoes a distinct color change to gray, yielding a nonalkaline magnetic material containing Fe3O4 and metallic iron rather than Fe2O3.
Hemp-seed pyrolysis bio-oil was upgraded in a batch laboratory-scale pressure reactor under 800 p... more Hemp-seed pyrolysis bio-oil was upgraded in a batch laboratory-scale pressure reactor under 800 psi (cold) hydrogen gas at 350− 365° C using a non-alkaline, nontoxic Fe x O y/SiO2/TiO2 catalyst [reduced red mud (RRM)] obtained by the reduction of red mud with ...
ABSTRACT Acetic and formic acid impart a high acidity on pyrolysis bio-oil (obtained by fast pyro... more ABSTRACT Acetic and formic acid impart a high acidity on pyrolysis bio-oil (obtained by fast pyrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass), which is one of the factors preventing its direct use as a fuel. At temperatures ≥ 330 °C, Red Mud, a waste byproduct of the aluminum industry produced at >70 million tons p.a., is a good catalyst for thermal decomposition of these acids. Formic acid can serve as an internal source of hydrogen through the formation of synthesis gas and the water gas shift reaction. The formation of C6−C10 hydrocarbons in the nonpolar phase of the resulting product mixture and the identification of C3 and C4 hydrocarbons and CO2 in the gas phase and acetone in the polar liquid phases can be rationalized through mechanisms involving ketene as the intermediate formed by acetic acid dehydration, with subsequent formation of acetone. Higher hydrocarbons, mostly alkanes and alkenes, are then formed through iterative aldol condensation, hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, and deoxygenation reactions of the primary products. During the reaction, the Red Mud used in these reactions undergoes a distinct color change to gray, yielding a nonalkaline magnetic material containing Fe3O4 and metallic iron rather than Fe2O3.
... Issa Yavari Corresponding Author Contact Information , a , E-mail The Corresponding Author an... more ... Issa Yavari Corresponding Author Contact Information , a , E-mail The Corresponding Author and Elham Karimi a. a Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran. ... 9 I. Yavari, A. Mokhtarporyani-Sanandaj and L. Moradi, Tetrahedron Lett. ...
Hemp-seed pyrolysis bio-oil was upgraded in a batch laboratory-scale pressure reactor under 800 p... more Hemp-seed pyrolysis bio-oil was upgraded in a batch laboratory-scale pressure reactor under 800 psi (cold) hydrogen gas at 350− 365° C using a non-alkaline, nontoxic Fe x O y/SiO2/TiO2 catalyst [reduced red mud (RRM)] obtained by the reduction of red mud with ...
ABSTRACT In this proof-of-concept study we demonstrate that co-processing of an acidic bio-oil (p... more ABSTRACT In this proof-of-concept study we demonstrate that co-processing of an acidic bio-oil (pH < 3) produced by the fast pyrolysis of sawmill residue hardwood chips with alkaline (pH > 12) Red Mud bauxite mining waste originating from the Bayer process can lead to a synergistic upgrading and value addition to both feed materials. The co-processing reaction is carried out in a pressure reactor at 365 • C and yields a stabilized, much less acidic and more energy-dense bio-oil with an oxygen content of 3.5% and heating value of 34 kJ/g compared to 43.1% and 12 kJ/g, respectively, for the crude oil. In the same reaction the Red Mud acts as a sacrificial catalyst and is converted into a partially reduced magnetic neutral gray material with a carbon content of ∼33% (w/w). This neutralized material may have possible use as an iron ore, iron ore pelletization binder or soil additive. The co-processing of the two waste streams – one derived from forestry by-products, the other from bauxite mining and processing operations – may thus offer attractive economic and ecologic synergies. Two principle possible scenarios for an actual realization for such a process on a larger scale are discussed.
Triphenylphosphine reacts with dimethyl methoxymalonate in the presence of alkyl propiolates or d... more Triphenylphosphine reacts with dimethyl methoxymalonate in the presence of alkyl propiolates or dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates to produce trialkyl 3-(1,1,1-triphenyl-λ-phosphanylidene)-1-propene-1,1,2-tricarboxylates or tetraalkyl 3-(1,1,1-triphenyl-λ -phosphanylidene)-1-propene-1,1,2,3-tetracarboxylates in good yields.
ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance t... more ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A simple and mild process for oxidation of xylenes to phthalic acids using N-hydroxyphthalimide/O... more A simple and mild process for oxidation of xylenes to phthalic acids using N-hydroxyphthalimide/O2/HNO3 in an ionic liquid, wherein the ionic liquid can be successfully recovered and reused, is described.
Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 2007
Triphenylphosphine reacts with dimethyl methoxymalonate in the presence of alkyl propiolates or d... more Triphenylphosphine reacts with dimethyl methoxymalonate in the presence of alkyl propiolates or dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates to produce trialkyl 3-(1,1,1-triphenyl-λ-phosphanylidene)-1-propene-1,1,2-tricarboxylates or tetraalkyl 3-(1,1,1-triphenyl-λ -phosphanylidene)-1-propene-1,1,2,3-tetracarboxylates in good yields.
ABSTRACT Acetic and formic acid impart a high acidity on pyrolysis bio-oil (obtained by fast pyro... more ABSTRACT Acetic and formic acid impart a high acidity on pyrolysis bio-oil (obtained by fast pyrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass), which is one of the factors preventing its direct use as a fuel. At temperatures ≥ 330 °C, Red Mud, a waste byproduct of the aluminum industry produced at >70 million tons p.a., is a good catalyst for thermal decomposition of these acids. Formic acid can serve as an internal source of hydrogen through the formation of synthesis gas and the water gas shift reaction. The formation of C6−C10 hydrocarbons in the nonpolar phase of the resulting product mixture and the identification of C3 and C4 hydrocarbons and CO2 in the gas phase and acetone in the polar liquid phases can be rationalized through mechanisms involving ketene as the intermediate formed by acetic acid dehydration, with subsequent formation of acetone. Higher hydrocarbons, mostly alkanes and alkenes, are then formed through iterative aldol condensation, hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, and deoxygenation reactions of the primary products. During the reaction, the Red Mud used in these reactions undergoes a distinct color change to gray, yielding a nonalkaline magnetic material containing Fe3O4 and metallic iron rather than Fe2O3.
Hemp-seed pyrolysis bio-oil was upgraded in a batch laboratory-scale pressure reactor under 800 p... more Hemp-seed pyrolysis bio-oil was upgraded in a batch laboratory-scale pressure reactor under 800 psi (cold) hydrogen gas at 350− 365° C using a non-alkaline, nontoxic Fe x O y/SiO2/TiO2 catalyst [reduced red mud (RRM)] obtained by the reduction of red mud with ...
ABSTRACT Acetic and formic acid impart a high acidity on pyrolysis bio-oil (obtained by fast pyro... more ABSTRACT Acetic and formic acid impart a high acidity on pyrolysis bio-oil (obtained by fast pyrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass), which is one of the factors preventing its direct use as a fuel. At temperatures ≥ 330 °C, Red Mud, a waste byproduct of the aluminum industry produced at >70 million tons p.a., is a good catalyst for thermal decomposition of these acids. Formic acid can serve as an internal source of hydrogen through the formation of synthesis gas and the water gas shift reaction. The formation of C6−C10 hydrocarbons in the nonpolar phase of the resulting product mixture and the identification of C3 and C4 hydrocarbons and CO2 in the gas phase and acetone in the polar liquid phases can be rationalized through mechanisms involving ketene as the intermediate formed by acetic acid dehydration, with subsequent formation of acetone. Higher hydrocarbons, mostly alkanes and alkenes, are then formed through iterative aldol condensation, hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, and deoxygenation reactions of the primary products. During the reaction, the Red Mud used in these reactions undergoes a distinct color change to gray, yielding a nonalkaline magnetic material containing Fe3O4 and metallic iron rather than Fe2O3.
... Issa Yavari Corresponding Author Contact Information , a , E-mail The Corresponding Author an... more ... Issa Yavari Corresponding Author Contact Information , a , E-mail The Corresponding Author and Elham Karimi a. a Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran. ... 9 I. Yavari, A. Mokhtarporyani-Sanandaj and L. Moradi, Tetrahedron Lett. ...
Hemp-seed pyrolysis bio-oil was upgraded in a batch laboratory-scale pressure reactor under 800 p... more Hemp-seed pyrolysis bio-oil was upgraded in a batch laboratory-scale pressure reactor under 800 psi (cold) hydrogen gas at 350− 365° C using a non-alkaline, nontoxic Fe x O y/SiO2/TiO2 catalyst [reduced red mud (RRM)] obtained by the reduction of red mud with ...
ABSTRACT In this proof-of-concept study we demonstrate that co-processing of an acidic bio-oil (p... more ABSTRACT In this proof-of-concept study we demonstrate that co-processing of an acidic bio-oil (pH < 3) produced by the fast pyrolysis of sawmill residue hardwood chips with alkaline (pH > 12) Red Mud bauxite mining waste originating from the Bayer process can lead to a synergistic upgrading and value addition to both feed materials. The co-processing reaction is carried out in a pressure reactor at 365 • C and yields a stabilized, much less acidic and more energy-dense bio-oil with an oxygen content of 3.5% and heating value of 34 kJ/g compared to 43.1% and 12 kJ/g, respectively, for the crude oil. In the same reaction the Red Mud acts as a sacrificial catalyst and is converted into a partially reduced magnetic neutral gray material with a carbon content of ∼33% (w/w). This neutralized material may have possible use as an iron ore, iron ore pelletization binder or soil additive. The co-processing of the two waste streams – one derived from forestry by-products, the other from bauxite mining and processing operations – may thus offer attractive economic and ecologic synergies. Two principle possible scenarios for an actual realization for such a process on a larger scale are discussed.
Triphenylphosphine reacts with dimethyl methoxymalonate in the presence of alkyl propiolates or d... more Triphenylphosphine reacts with dimethyl methoxymalonate in the presence of alkyl propiolates or dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates to produce trialkyl 3-(1,1,1-triphenyl-λ-phosphanylidene)-1-propene-1,1,2-tricarboxylates or tetraalkyl 3-(1,1,1-triphenyl-λ -phosphanylidene)-1-propene-1,1,2,3-tetracarboxylates in good yields.
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