BackgroundNutritional rehabilitation during severe malnutrition (SM) aims to quickly restore a he... more BackgroundNutritional rehabilitation during severe malnutrition (SM) aims to quickly restore a healthy body weight, but rapid weight gain has been associated with later cardiovascular risk. We hypothesized that faster weight gain during SM rehabilitation and post-hospitalization is associated with liver fat in adult survivors.MethodAdult survivors of childhood SM underwent abdominal CT scan to estimate liver fat as mean liver attenuation (MLA) and liver spleen ratio (L/S). Birth weight (BW) and anthropometry measured during, and post-hospitalization were abstracted from admission records.ResultsWe studied 42 marasmus survivors (Ms) and 40 kwashiorkor survivors (Ks). Ms had a lower mean BW (SD) 2.5 (0.8) vs 3.0 (0.7) kg; p=0.01) and were more wasted (p<0.001) and stunted (p=0.03) than Ks on admission to hospital. Ms and Ks had similar rates of rehabilitation weight gain, which was inversely associated with MLA among all survivors of SM (r=-0.246, p=0.029), but only in Ms when asse...
by time between measurements) by country, Nigeria, Jamaica, and the US for each of three BMI cate... more by time between measurements) by country, Nigeria, Jamaica, and the US for each of three BMI categories (BMI < 25, 25 = 30). Data were collected from 1995 to 1999 from Nigeria, Jamaica and the United States (US). Only participants with at least two weight determinations are depicted in this figure.<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Rapid increases in obesity in Jamaica, compared to Nigeria and the United States"http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/133BMC Public Health 2008;8():133-133.Published online 23 Apr 2008PMCID:PMC2390537.
Ups in Illinois, United States. Data were collected between 1984 and 2006 for all adults 20–75 ye... more Ups in Illinois, United States. Data were collected between 1984 and 2006 for all adults 20–75 years of age, as part of the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS). ● Black Males, ▲ White Males, ■ Black Females, ◆ White Females. Estimated rate of weight change (standard errors) among these groups are: 0.47(0.05), 0.38 (0.01), 0.60(0.04), and 0.37 (0.02) for Black Males, White Males, Black Females and White Females, respectively.<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Rapid increases in obesity in Jamaica, compared to Nigeria and the United States"http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/133BMC Public Health 2008;8():133-133.Published online 23 Apr 2008PMCID:PMC2390537.
Context and Objectives: Ischaemic stroke (IS) causes disability and uses massive public health re... more Context and Objectives: Ischaemic stroke (IS) causes disability and uses massive public health resources. Cumulative disability from recurrence may be reduced with cardiometabolic risk reduction strategies e.g., lowering blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that intensive exercise plus best available care in adults with recent IS improves fitness, glucose metabolism, muscle protein synthesis in paretic limbs compared to controls. BP changes were compared between intervention (INT) and controls (CON). Research Design and Setting: A randomised, interventional clinical trial conducted in Jamaican adults subjects: We investigate 103 adults with recent IS and residual weakness. Forty-nine subjects (24 women: mean age 61.5; 25 men: mean age 63.8) received task-oriented exercise training (TEXT) plus best available care. Fifty-four subjects (23 women: mean age 60.2; 31 men: mean age 61.3) received best care, including exercise advice. Measurements: We measured baseline, 3-month and 6-month ...
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is an important risk factor for illness and death globally, contr... more Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is an important risk factor for illness and death globally, contributing to more than half of deaths in children worldwide. We hypothesized that SAM is positively correlated to poverty, low educational attainment, major crime and higher mean soil concentrations of lead, cadmium and arsenic. We reviewed admission records of infants admitted with a diagnosis of SAM over 14 years (2000-2013) in Jamaica. Poverty index, educational attainment, major crime and environmental heavy metal exposure were represented in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Cases of SAM were grouped by community and the number of cases per community/year correlated to socioeconomic variables and geochemistry data for the relevant year. 375 cases of SAM were mapped across 204 urban and rural communities in Jamaica. The mean age at admission was 9 months (range 1-45 months) and 57% were male. SAM had a positive correlation with major crime (r = 0.53; P < 0.001), but not with ed...
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients attending th... more Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients attending the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) Diabetes Clinic and to determine the proportion of patients at high risk for adverse outcomes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among patients attending the UHWI Diabetes Clinic between 2009 and 2010. Trained nurses administered a questionnaire, reviewed dockets, and performed urinalyses. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Albuminuria was assessed using urine test strips for protein and microalbumin. Chronic kidney disease was defined as an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 or albuminuria ≥30 mg/g creatinine. Risk of adverse outcome (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and kidney failure) was determined using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) 2012 prognosis grid. Results: Participants included 100 women and...
We hypothesized that there is decreased synthesis of glutathione (GSH) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) ... more We hypothesized that there is decreased synthesis of glutathione (GSH) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) especially in the presence of microvascular complications, and this is dependent on the degree of hyperglycemia. In this case-control study, we recruited 16 patients with T2DM (7 without and 9 with microvascular complications), and 8 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. We measured GSH synthesis rate using an infusion of [2H2]-glycine as isotopic tracer and collection of blood samples for liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis. Compared to the controls, T2DM patients had lower erythrocyte GSH concentrations (0.90 ± 0.42 vs. 0.35 ± 0.30 mmol/L; P = 0.001) and absolute synthesis rates (1.03 ± 0.55 vs. 0.50 ± 0.69 mmol/L/day; P = 0.01), but not fractional synthesis rates (114 ± 45 vs. 143 ± 82%/day; P = 0.07). The magnitudes of changes in patients with complications were greater for both GSH concentrations and absolute synthesis rates (P-values ≤ 0.01) compared to controls...
Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases, 2017
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia among primary care patients ... more The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia among primary care patients with hypertension and diabetes in Jamaica and the proportion of patients who achieve recommended targets. An audit of 500 dockets of adult patients with chronic disease attending public primary care clinics in Jamaica was conducted between October and December 2013. Data were collected on patient characteristics including medical history, medications, anthropometry, and lipid profiles (since January 1, 2011). Lipid targets were based on the Ministry of Health 2007 management guidelines. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of achieving lipid targets. Four hundred and thirty-seven patient records had a lipid profile done and 90% of these had at least one abnormal lipid value. 15.3% of the patients achieved the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target, 63.2% high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 85.1% triglycerides ...
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in infants may present as one of two distinct syndromic forms: no... more Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in infants may present as one of two distinct syndromic forms: non-edematous (marasmus), with severe wasting and no nutritional edema; or edematous (kwashiorkor) with moderately severe wasting. These differences may be related to developmental changes prior to the exposure to SAM and phenotypic changes appear to persist into adulthood with differences between the two groups. We examined whether the different response to SAM and subsequent trajectories may be explained by developmentally-induced epigenetic differences. We extracted genomic DNA from muscle biopsies obtained from adult survivors of kwashiorkor (n=21) or marasmus (n=23) and compared epigenetic profiles (CpG methylation) between the two groups using the Infinium® 450K BeadChip array. We found significant differences in methylation of CpG sites from 63 genes in skeletal muscle DNA. Gene ontology studies showed significant differential methylation of genes in immune, body composition, metabo...
BackgroundNutritional rehabilitation during severe malnutrition (SM) aims to quickly restore a he... more BackgroundNutritional rehabilitation during severe malnutrition (SM) aims to quickly restore a healthy body weight, but rapid weight gain has been associated with later cardiovascular risk. We hypothesized that faster weight gain during SM rehabilitation and post-hospitalization is associated with liver fat in adult survivors.MethodAdult survivors of childhood SM underwent abdominal CT scan to estimate liver fat as mean liver attenuation (MLA) and liver spleen ratio (L/S). Birth weight (BW) and anthropometry measured during, and post-hospitalization were abstracted from admission records.ResultsWe studied 42 marasmus survivors (Ms) and 40 kwashiorkor survivors (Ks). Ms had a lower mean BW (SD) 2.5 (0.8) vs 3.0 (0.7) kg; p=0.01) and were more wasted (p<0.001) and stunted (p=0.03) than Ks on admission to hospital. Ms and Ks had similar rates of rehabilitation weight gain, which was inversely associated with MLA among all survivors of SM (r=-0.246, p=0.029), but only in Ms when asse...
by time between measurements) by country, Nigeria, Jamaica, and the US for each of three BMI cate... more by time between measurements) by country, Nigeria, Jamaica, and the US for each of three BMI categories (BMI < 25, 25 = 30). Data were collected from 1995 to 1999 from Nigeria, Jamaica and the United States (US). Only participants with at least two weight determinations are depicted in this figure.<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Rapid increases in obesity in Jamaica, compared to Nigeria and the United States"http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/133BMC Public Health 2008;8():133-133.Published online 23 Apr 2008PMCID:PMC2390537.
Ups in Illinois, United States. Data were collected between 1984 and 2006 for all adults 20–75 ye... more Ups in Illinois, United States. Data were collected between 1984 and 2006 for all adults 20–75 years of age, as part of the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS). ● Black Males, ▲ White Males, ■ Black Females, ◆ White Females. Estimated rate of weight change (standard errors) among these groups are: 0.47(0.05), 0.38 (0.01), 0.60(0.04), and 0.37 (0.02) for Black Males, White Males, Black Females and White Females, respectively.<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Rapid increases in obesity in Jamaica, compared to Nigeria and the United States"http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/133BMC Public Health 2008;8():133-133.Published online 23 Apr 2008PMCID:PMC2390537.
Context and Objectives: Ischaemic stroke (IS) causes disability and uses massive public health re... more Context and Objectives: Ischaemic stroke (IS) causes disability and uses massive public health resources. Cumulative disability from recurrence may be reduced with cardiometabolic risk reduction strategies e.g., lowering blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that intensive exercise plus best available care in adults with recent IS improves fitness, glucose metabolism, muscle protein synthesis in paretic limbs compared to controls. BP changes were compared between intervention (INT) and controls (CON). Research Design and Setting: A randomised, interventional clinical trial conducted in Jamaican adults subjects: We investigate 103 adults with recent IS and residual weakness. Forty-nine subjects (24 women: mean age 61.5; 25 men: mean age 63.8) received task-oriented exercise training (TEXT) plus best available care. Fifty-four subjects (23 women: mean age 60.2; 31 men: mean age 61.3) received best care, including exercise advice. Measurements: We measured baseline, 3-month and 6-month ...
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is an important risk factor for illness and death globally, contr... more Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is an important risk factor for illness and death globally, contributing to more than half of deaths in children worldwide. We hypothesized that SAM is positively correlated to poverty, low educational attainment, major crime and higher mean soil concentrations of lead, cadmium and arsenic. We reviewed admission records of infants admitted with a diagnosis of SAM over 14 years (2000-2013) in Jamaica. Poverty index, educational attainment, major crime and environmental heavy metal exposure were represented in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Cases of SAM were grouped by community and the number of cases per community/year correlated to socioeconomic variables and geochemistry data for the relevant year. 375 cases of SAM were mapped across 204 urban and rural communities in Jamaica. The mean age at admission was 9 months (range 1-45 months) and 57% were male. SAM had a positive correlation with major crime (r = 0.53; P < 0.001), but not with ed...
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients attending th... more Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients attending the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) Diabetes Clinic and to determine the proportion of patients at high risk for adverse outcomes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among patients attending the UHWI Diabetes Clinic between 2009 and 2010. Trained nurses administered a questionnaire, reviewed dockets, and performed urinalyses. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Albuminuria was assessed using urine test strips for protein and microalbumin. Chronic kidney disease was defined as an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 or albuminuria ≥30 mg/g creatinine. Risk of adverse outcome (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and kidney failure) was determined using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) 2012 prognosis grid. Results: Participants included 100 women and...
We hypothesized that there is decreased synthesis of glutathione (GSH) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) ... more We hypothesized that there is decreased synthesis of glutathione (GSH) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) especially in the presence of microvascular complications, and this is dependent on the degree of hyperglycemia. In this case-control study, we recruited 16 patients with T2DM (7 without and 9 with microvascular complications), and 8 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. We measured GSH synthesis rate using an infusion of [2H2]-glycine as isotopic tracer and collection of blood samples for liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis. Compared to the controls, T2DM patients had lower erythrocyte GSH concentrations (0.90 ± 0.42 vs. 0.35 ± 0.30 mmol/L; P = 0.001) and absolute synthesis rates (1.03 ± 0.55 vs. 0.50 ± 0.69 mmol/L/day; P = 0.01), but not fractional synthesis rates (114 ± 45 vs. 143 ± 82%/day; P = 0.07). The magnitudes of changes in patients with complications were greater for both GSH concentrations and absolute synthesis rates (P-values ≤ 0.01) compared to controls...
Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases, 2017
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia among primary care patients ... more The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia among primary care patients with hypertension and diabetes in Jamaica and the proportion of patients who achieve recommended targets. An audit of 500 dockets of adult patients with chronic disease attending public primary care clinics in Jamaica was conducted between October and December 2013. Data were collected on patient characteristics including medical history, medications, anthropometry, and lipid profiles (since January 1, 2011). Lipid targets were based on the Ministry of Health 2007 management guidelines. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of achieving lipid targets. Four hundred and thirty-seven patient records had a lipid profile done and 90% of these had at least one abnormal lipid value. 15.3% of the patients achieved the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target, 63.2% high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 85.1% triglycerides ...
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in infants may present as one of two distinct syndromic forms: no... more Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in infants may present as one of two distinct syndromic forms: non-edematous (marasmus), with severe wasting and no nutritional edema; or edematous (kwashiorkor) with moderately severe wasting. These differences may be related to developmental changes prior to the exposure to SAM and phenotypic changes appear to persist into adulthood with differences between the two groups. We examined whether the different response to SAM and subsequent trajectories may be explained by developmentally-induced epigenetic differences. We extracted genomic DNA from muscle biopsies obtained from adult survivors of kwashiorkor (n=21) or marasmus (n=23) and compared epigenetic profiles (CpG methylation) between the two groups using the Infinium® 450K BeadChip array. We found significant differences in methylation of CpG sites from 63 genes in skeletal muscle DNA. Gene ontology studies showed significant differential methylation of genes in immune, body composition, metabo...
Uploads
Papers by Michael Boyne