A background in psychology and ergonomics applied in the area of driver behaviour and performance. Held various research posts at Birmingham, Loughborough, Leeds and Coventry Universities in the UK and also at the Transport Research Laboratory. Currently focused on studies of user experience, mental workload, distraction and virtual reality. Phone: +44 (0)24 7765 8750 Address: Coventry University, United Kingdom
Greater use of the hard shoulder as an active running lane places increased pressure on use of th... more Greater use of the hard shoulder as an active running lane places increased pressure on use of the Emergency Refuge Areas (ERA) as safe havens in the event of a vehicle breakdown. Considering current proposals to extend hard shoulder running within junctions, known as Through Junction Running (TJR), this study investigates drivers' response and subjective evaluation of ERAs positioned both between and within junctions. In particular, TJR is considered to operate at 70mph which may have implications for road safety, in particular drivers' ability to enter the ERA and then safely rejoin the motorway.
In driving simulators and other virtual reality systems, visual speed is frequently underestimate... more In driving simulators and other virtual reality systems, visual speed is frequently underestimated leading to speed overproduction. This, in turn, may compromise the validity of human behaviour in these environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of improving speed perception in a driving simulator by manipulating the Geometric Field Of View (GFOV) of the virtual scene within the projected Field Of View (FOV) of the participant. 16 experienced drivers were asked to produce four target speeds (20, 30, 50, and 70mph) with the speedometer covered. Each target speed was produced under four GFOV/FOV ratios (.83:1, 1:1, 1.17:1, 1.33:1) twice whereby a GFOV/FOV ratio of 1:1 refers to the standard simulator configuration displaying geometrically correct optic flow. Results showed that in the standard configuration, visual speed was consistently underestimated resulting in speed overproduction of 10% on average. The smaller GFOV/FOV ratio of .83:1 led to even great...
Clinicians are often asked by patients, “When can I drive again?” after lower limb injury or surg... more Clinicians are often asked by patients, “When can I drive again?” after lower limb injury or surgery. This question is difficult to answer in the absence of any guidelines. This review aims to collate the currently available evidence and discuss the factors that influence the decision to allow a patient to return to driving. Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched using the following terms: ‘brake reaction time’, ‘brake response time’, ‘braking force’, ‘brake pedal force’, ‘resume driving’, ‘rate of application of force’, ‘driving after injury’, ‘joint replacement and driving’, and ‘fracture and driving’. Of the relevant literature identified, most studies used the brake reaction time and total brake time as the outcome measures. Varying recovery periods were proposed based on the type and severity of injury or surgery. Surveys of the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency, the Police, insurance companies in the United Kingdom and Orthopaedic Surgeons offered a variet...
Greater use of the hard shoulder as an active running lane places increased pressure on use of th... more Greater use of the hard shoulder as an active running lane places increased pressure on use of the Emergency Refuge Areas (ERA) as safe havens in the event of a vehicle breakdown. Considering current proposals to extend hard shoulder running within junctions, known as Through Junction Running (TJR), this study investigates drivers' response and subjective evaluation of ERAs positioned both between and within junctions. In particular, TJR is considered to operate at 70mph which may have implications for road safety, in particular drivers' ability to enter the ERA and then safely rejoin the motorway.
In driving simulators and other virtual reality systems, visual speed is frequently underestimate... more In driving simulators and other virtual reality systems, visual speed is frequently underestimated leading to speed overproduction. This, in turn, may compromise the validity of human behaviour in these environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of improving speed perception in a driving simulator by manipulating the Geometric Field Of View (GFOV) of the virtual scene within the projected Field Of View (FOV) of the participant. 16 experienced drivers were asked to produce four target speeds (20, 30, 50, and 70mph) with the speedometer covered. Each target speed was produced under four GFOV/FOV ratios (.83:1, 1:1, 1.17:1, 1.33:1) twice whereby a GFOV/FOV ratio of 1:1 refers to the standard simulator configuration displaying geometrically correct optic flow. Results showed that in the standard configuration, visual speed was consistently underestimated resulting in speed overproduction of 10% on average. The smaller GFOV/FOV ratio of .83:1 led to even great...
Clinicians are often asked by patients, “When can I drive again?” after lower limb injury or surg... more Clinicians are often asked by patients, “When can I drive again?” after lower limb injury or surgery. This question is difficult to answer in the absence of any guidelines. This review aims to collate the currently available evidence and discuss the factors that influence the decision to allow a patient to return to driving. Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched using the following terms: ‘brake reaction time’, ‘brake response time’, ‘braking force’, ‘brake pedal force’, ‘resume driving’, ‘rate of application of force’, ‘driving after injury’, ‘joint replacement and driving’, and ‘fracture and driving’. Of the relevant literature identified, most studies used the brake reaction time and total brake time as the outcome measures. Varying recovery periods were proposed based on the type and severity of injury or surgery. Surveys of the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency, the Police, insurance companies in the United Kingdom and Orthopaedic Surgeons offered a variet...
Uploads
Papers by Andrew Parkes