In this study, the design improvement was done in a shell and tube condenser for improved heat tr... more In this study, the design improvement was done in a shell and tube condenser for improved heat transfer and condensation of bio-oil vapour. The developed condenser has split shell and segmental baffles, which divide the shell in various zones and condensate collection points. The fast pyrolysis of wheat straw was done and the bio-oil vapour condensate collected from various outlets located at bottom of condenser shell. From experimental results it was found that production of bio-oil increased from 10.2 to 20.8% with increase in cooling water flow rate from 1000 to 2500 L/h; but, further increasing it beyond 2500 L/h provide marginal effects on production of bio-oil. The production of bio-oil increased from 15.2 to 20.7% as sweep gas flow rate was increased from 20 to 40 L/min at 2500 L/h of cooling water flow rate. But, further increase in sweep gas flow rate beyond 40 L/min resulted in to decrease in production of bio-oil. The novelty of this work is development of improved conden...
Peeling is the preliminary and main stage of post-harvest processing of fruits and vegetables. Th... more Peeling is the preliminary and main stage of post-harvest processing of fruits and vegetables. The quality of processed fruits and vegetables is highly dependent on the peeling stage. Poor peeling management leads to expensive finished products due to high peeling losses and low quality of finished produce. Peeling methods fall into four main groups: mechanical, thermal, enzymatic and chemical peeling. A review on different methods of peeling has been made in order to compare peeling methods on variety of products. The review has been arranged on the basis of the technique used along with examples of the latest works of interest.
1M.Tech Student, Mechanical Department, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, In... more 1M.Tech Student, Mechanical Department, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, India 2Professor, Mechanical Department, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, India 3, 4 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Department, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, India --------------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Manufacturing with machining contributes to a large extent in most of the industry as even the formed parts needs finishing by removal of material. This study investigates the influence of EDM parameters on MRR while machining of SK2MCr4 as a workpiece material. The parameters considered are current (I), pulse on time (Ton), and servo voltage (V) whereas pulse off time is taken as a constant. The experiments were performed on the die-sinking EDM machine using copper electrode. The analysis and optimization of MRR was done using T...
The coefficient of friction plays decisive role in the metal-forming processes. This study focuse... more The coefficient of friction plays decisive role in the metal-forming processes. This study focuses on determination of the coefficient of friction between work piece and lubricants using ring compression test by experiments physical modeling and finite element (FE) simulation. A series of ring compression tests were carried out to obtain friction coefficients of mild steel under lubricants including boric acid, Vaseline, grease and dry conditions. According to Male and Cockcroft (1964), the standard geometry (6: 3 :2) was modeled with outer diameter 42 mm, inner diameter 21 mm and height 14 mm. Results show that the coefficient of friction obtained by experimental for dry condition was 0.38, for boric acid was 0.27, for vaseline was 0.22, and for grease was 0.15. The inside diameter of the ring reduces for dry condition, due to high friction and increases for remaining lubricants because of friction-less conditions. The simulation was conducted for the ring compression test using an...
Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, 2020
The pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis behaviours of cotton stalk (CS), torrefied cotton stalk (TCS) and ... more The pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis behaviours of cotton stalk (CS), torrefied cotton stalk (TCS) and mined coal, as single fuels, and their blends, have been examined through thermogravimetric analysis. Biomass has been torrefied at 250°C for 45 min to enhance physicochemical properties, and then mixed with mined coal for co-pyrolysis. Thermal degradation of CS and TCS is characterized by a reaction. However, this is not the case for mined coal, which shows a single-stage reaction. The thermal degradation of all blends was done in three stages: dehydration; biomass and small mined coal; and lignin or mined coal. A similar trend emerged for mass loss of individual fuels, which depended mainly on their ratios in the blend. The kinetics of pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of all fuels were calculated at 20°Cmin−1 heating rate using the Coats−Redfern model-fitting method.
Abstract This paper describes the experimental investigation on effects of exhaust gas recirculat... more Abstract This paper describes the experimental investigation on effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on flame kernel growth rate (FKGR) in a hydrogen fuelled spark ignition (SI) engine and correlation development for FKGR. A single cylinder, four-stroke, forced air cooled, bi-fuelled (i.e., gasoline and hydrogen) SI engine was selected for this study. The engine was fuelled by gasoline in carbureted mode and by hydrogen using timed manifold injection. The study was carried out for evaluation of FKGR in engine cylinder using gasoline fuel (brake power variation (1.0–2.1) kW), hydrogen fuel (equivalence ratio variation from 0.4 to 0.9) and hydrogen with EGR up to 18% by volume in a SI engine at compression ratio of 7.2:1 and constant engine speed of 3000 rpm. It was found from experimental results that the engine operation with hydrogen at equivalence ratio of 0.8 and above caused to combustion knock. The FKGR increased from 6.7 m/s to 33.5 m/s with respect to increase in equivalence ratio from 0.4 to 0.9. But the FKGR decreased from 16.7 m/s to 6.6 m/s with respect to increase in EGR from 0 to 18% by volume. In addition to this a correlation was developed for FKGR with equivalence ratio and EGR. The correlation was validated with experimental results, and then simulation study was carried out for simultaneous variation of equivalence ratio and EGR. The notable finding emerged from this study that increase in FKGR with equivalence ratio can be controlled by EGR and there is possibility of engine operation without knock and elimination of backfire at high equivalence ratio.
ABSTRACT A solar paraboloid concentrator was designed and developed for paraffin wax melting havi... more ABSTRACT A solar paraboloid concentrator was designed and developed for paraffin wax melting having 1.32 m(2) aperture area and 0.25 m focal length. The performance of the system was evaluated in terms of optical efficiency factor (F'no) and overall heat loss factor (F-UL') by sensible water heating and cooling tests, respectively. The values of the optical efficiency factor (F'no) and overall heat loss factor (F-UL') were found to be 0.2125 and 39.46 W/m(2) K, respectively. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4705521]
In this study, the design improvement was done in a shell and tube condenser for improved heat tr... more In this study, the design improvement was done in a shell and tube condenser for improved heat transfer and condensation of bio-oil vapour. The developed condenser has split shell and segmental baffles, which divide the shell in various zones and condensate collection points. The fast pyrolysis of wheat straw was done and the bio-oil vapour condensate collected from various outlets located at bottom of condenser shell. From experimental results it was found that production of bio-oil increased from 10.2 to 20.8% with increase in cooling water flow rate from 1000 to 2500 L/h; but, further increasing it beyond 2500 L/h provide marginal effects on production of bio-oil. The production of bio-oil increased from 15.2 to 20.7% as sweep gas flow rate was increased from 20 to 40 L/min at 2500 L/h of cooling water flow rate. But, further increase in sweep gas flow rate beyond 40 L/min resulted in to decrease in production of bio-oil. The novelty of this work is development of improved conden...
Peeling is the preliminary and main stage of post-harvest processing of fruits and vegetables. Th... more Peeling is the preliminary and main stage of post-harvest processing of fruits and vegetables. The quality of processed fruits and vegetables is highly dependent on the peeling stage. Poor peeling management leads to expensive finished products due to high peeling losses and low quality of finished produce. Peeling methods fall into four main groups: mechanical, thermal, enzymatic and chemical peeling. A review on different methods of peeling has been made in order to compare peeling methods on variety of products. The review has been arranged on the basis of the technique used along with examples of the latest works of interest.
1M.Tech Student, Mechanical Department, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, In... more 1M.Tech Student, Mechanical Department, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, India 2Professor, Mechanical Department, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, India 3, 4 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Department, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, India --------------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Manufacturing with machining contributes to a large extent in most of the industry as even the formed parts needs finishing by removal of material. This study investigates the influence of EDM parameters on MRR while machining of SK2MCr4 as a workpiece material. The parameters considered are current (I), pulse on time (Ton), and servo voltage (V) whereas pulse off time is taken as a constant. The experiments were performed on the die-sinking EDM machine using copper electrode. The analysis and optimization of MRR was done using T...
The coefficient of friction plays decisive role in the metal-forming processes. This study focuse... more The coefficient of friction plays decisive role in the metal-forming processes. This study focuses on determination of the coefficient of friction between work piece and lubricants using ring compression test by experiments physical modeling and finite element (FE) simulation. A series of ring compression tests were carried out to obtain friction coefficients of mild steel under lubricants including boric acid, Vaseline, grease and dry conditions. According to Male and Cockcroft (1964), the standard geometry (6: 3 :2) was modeled with outer diameter 42 mm, inner diameter 21 mm and height 14 mm. Results show that the coefficient of friction obtained by experimental for dry condition was 0.38, for boric acid was 0.27, for vaseline was 0.22, and for grease was 0.15. The inside diameter of the ring reduces for dry condition, due to high friction and increases for remaining lubricants because of friction-less conditions. The simulation was conducted for the ring compression test using an...
Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, 2020
The pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis behaviours of cotton stalk (CS), torrefied cotton stalk (TCS) and ... more The pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis behaviours of cotton stalk (CS), torrefied cotton stalk (TCS) and mined coal, as single fuels, and their blends, have been examined through thermogravimetric analysis. Biomass has been torrefied at 250°C for 45 min to enhance physicochemical properties, and then mixed with mined coal for co-pyrolysis. Thermal degradation of CS and TCS is characterized by a reaction. However, this is not the case for mined coal, which shows a single-stage reaction. The thermal degradation of all blends was done in three stages: dehydration; biomass and small mined coal; and lignin or mined coal. A similar trend emerged for mass loss of individual fuels, which depended mainly on their ratios in the blend. The kinetics of pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of all fuels were calculated at 20°Cmin−1 heating rate using the Coats−Redfern model-fitting method.
Abstract This paper describes the experimental investigation on effects of exhaust gas recirculat... more Abstract This paper describes the experimental investigation on effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on flame kernel growth rate (FKGR) in a hydrogen fuelled spark ignition (SI) engine and correlation development for FKGR. A single cylinder, four-stroke, forced air cooled, bi-fuelled (i.e., gasoline and hydrogen) SI engine was selected for this study. The engine was fuelled by gasoline in carbureted mode and by hydrogen using timed manifold injection. The study was carried out for evaluation of FKGR in engine cylinder using gasoline fuel (brake power variation (1.0–2.1) kW), hydrogen fuel (equivalence ratio variation from 0.4 to 0.9) and hydrogen with EGR up to 18% by volume in a SI engine at compression ratio of 7.2:1 and constant engine speed of 3000 rpm. It was found from experimental results that the engine operation with hydrogen at equivalence ratio of 0.8 and above caused to combustion knock. The FKGR increased from 6.7 m/s to 33.5 m/s with respect to increase in equivalence ratio from 0.4 to 0.9. But the FKGR decreased from 16.7 m/s to 6.6 m/s with respect to increase in EGR from 0 to 18% by volume. In addition to this a correlation was developed for FKGR with equivalence ratio and EGR. The correlation was validated with experimental results, and then simulation study was carried out for simultaneous variation of equivalence ratio and EGR. The notable finding emerged from this study that increase in FKGR with equivalence ratio can be controlled by EGR and there is possibility of engine operation without knock and elimination of backfire at high equivalence ratio.
ABSTRACT A solar paraboloid concentrator was designed and developed for paraffin wax melting havi... more ABSTRACT A solar paraboloid concentrator was designed and developed for paraffin wax melting having 1.32 m(2) aperture area and 0.25 m focal length. The performance of the system was evaluated in terms of optical efficiency factor (F'no) and overall heat loss factor (F-UL') by sensible water heating and cooling tests, respectively. The values of the optical efficiency factor (F'no) and overall heat loss factor (F-UL') were found to be 0.2125 and 39.46 W/m(2) K, respectively. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4705521]
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