Menyunting Tanjah

{{Expand language|otherarticle=طنجة|langcode=ar|date=Dis 2023}}{{Expand language|langcode=fr|otherarticle=Tanger#Histoire|date=Dis 2023}}{{Infobox settlement

| name = Tanjah

|{{native name|ar|{{script|Arab|طَنجَة}}}}

|{{native name|fr|Tanger}}

| image_caption = Tanjah

| pushpin_label_position = kiri

| subdivision_type1 = [[Kawasan]]

| subdivision_name1 = [[Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima]]

| population_demonym = Tanjawi

| established_title = Diasaskan oleh orang [[Phoenicia|orang Finiqiyah]]

'''Tanjah'''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pengembaraan Ibn Battutah|title-link=Al-Rihlah|last=[[Ibnu Battutah]]|publisher=[[Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia]]|year=2003|isbn=9839099574|editor-last=Wan Roslili Abd. Majid, Ismail Haji Ibrahim|location=Kuala Lumpur|pages=16-8|translator1=Syed Nurul Akla Syed Abdullah|translator2=Adi Setia Mohd. Dom}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rozali|first1=Ermy Azziaty|last2=Ab Rahman|first2=Zamri|date=30 December 2017|title=Kecemerlangan Futuhat Islamiyyah Era Khulafa' al-Rashidin|journal=Journal of Al-Tamaddun|volume=12|issue=2|pages=22|doi=10.22452/JAT.vol12no2.3}}</ref> ({{lang-ar|{{script|Arab|طَنجَة}}|Ṭanjah}}, {{Lang-ber|ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ|translit=Ṭanja}}; [[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]]: '''Tanger''' turunan [[Latin]]: ''Tingi'' atau ''Tinge'';<ref>Gaffiot, Félix (1934). [http://www.lexilogos.com/latin/gaffiot.php?q=Tinge "Tinge"]. ''Dictionnaire latin français''. Hachette.</ref>{{sfnp|''Cath. Enc.''|1913}} [[bahasa Inggeris]]: '''Tangiers''') merupakan sebuah bandar di pesisiran [[Laut Mediterranean|Mediterranean]] barat laut [[Maghribi]]. Bandar ini ialah [[ibu negara]] bagi wilayah [[Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima]], serta Wilayah Ṭanja-Aẓila.

Banyak tamadun dan [[budaya]] telah mempengaruhi [[sejarah]] Tanjah, bermula sebelum abad ke-10 SM. Bermula sebagai bandar [[Barbar]] yang strategik dan kemudian pusat perdagangan [[Phoenicia|Finiqiyah]]<!-- rujuk isu Mei 1954 majalah Qalam m/s. 14 di https://majalahqalam.kyoto.jp/msa/pdfapp/viewer.html?left=%2Fuploads%2Farticle%2Fpdf%2F1049%2Fqalam046013.pdf&right=%2Fuploads%2Fqalam_article%2Fpdf%2F00001036.pdf&mode=public&scale=100&geturl=%2Fmsa%2Fcomments%2Fget_jsonp&posturl=%2Fmsa%2Fcomments%2Fpost_json&topurl=%2Fmsa%2F&backurl=&urlpart=&appLang=msa -->, Tanjah telah menjadi perhubungan bagi banyak budaya. Pada 1923, ia menjadi zon antarabangsa yang diuruskan oleh kuasa penjajah dan menjadi destinasi bagi ramai diplomat Eropah dan Amerika, pengintip, [[bohemianisme]], penulis dan ahli perniagaan. Status itu berakhir dengan kemerdekaan Maghribi, secara berperingkat antara 1956 dan 1960.

Menjelang awal abad ke-21, Tanjah sedang mengalami pembangunan dan pemodenan yang pesat. Projek termasuk projek pelancongan di sepanjang teluk, daerah perniagaan moden yang dipanggil Pusat Bandar Tanjah, terminal lapangan terbang dan stadium bola sepak. Ekonomi Tanjah ditetapkan untuk mendapat manfaat yang besar daripada pelabuhan Tanger-Med.

== Geografi ==

[[Fail:Tangiermorocconasa.jpg|kiri|thumb|250x250px|Pandangan Tanjah dari angkasa (2005)]]

Tanjah terletak antara dua bukit di hujung barat laut [[Teluk Tanjah|teluk yang senama]] {{convert|14|mi|order=flip|abbr=on}} timur Tanjung Spartel belah selatan [[Selat Gibraltar]], kawasan rata antara dedua bukit ini seperti [[perani]];{{sfnp|''Encyclopædia Britannica''|1911}} bukit baratnya dijadikan [[Qasabah|kota benteng]] bersejarah kawasan itu.{{sfnp|Lévi-Provençal|1936|p=650}} Ia juga terletak atas [[penara]] Marsyan jarak {{convert|1300|yd|m ft|0|order=out}} merentas barat pusat kota selari pesisiran.{{sfnp|Lévi-Provençal|1936|p=650}}

=== Iklim ===

Tanjah ber[[iklim Mediterranean]] ([[Pengelasan iklim Köppen|kelas Köppen]] ''Csa'') dengan curahan hujan lebih berat berbanding tempat-tempat lain serantau Afrika Utara dan [[Semenanjung Iberia]] kerana keadaannya yang terdedah.<ref name="valor">{{cite web|url=http://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?lang=en&ind=60101&ano=2005&mes=1&day=28&hora=18&min=0&ndays=30|title=Synop report summary|last=Valor|first=G. Ballester}}</ref> Angin bertiup utama dari laut yang membantu keadaan peredaran udara sekitar kota tersebut dari dahulu.<ref name=bad>{{harvp|Baedeker|1901|p=[https://archive.org/stream/01710943.5406.emory.edu/01710943_5406#page/n599/mode/2up 426]}}.</ref>

Musim panas agak tarik dan terang manakala musim sejuknya basah dan sederhana; [[ibun]] jarang ada pada musim ini. Suru tehendah di Tanjah adalah {{convert|−4.2|°C}} dicatatkan pada Januari 2005.<ref name="valor" />{{Weather box|width=1000px|location=Lapangan Terbang Tanjah 1961–1990, extremes 1917–1963|metric first=yes|single line=yes|Jan record high C=22.0|Feb record high C=24.1|Mar record high C=24.0|Apr record high C=29.1|May record high C=31.9|Jun record high C=33.5|Jul record high C=36.7|Aug record high C=38.2|Sep record high C=35.8|Oct record high C=30.4|Nov record high C=27.0|Dec record high C=24.0|year record high C=|Jan high C=16.2|Feb high C=16.8|Mar high C=17.9|Apr high C=19.2|May high C=21.9|Jun high C=24.9|Jul high C=28.3|Aug high C=28.6|Sep high C=27.3|Oct high C=23.7|Nov high C=19.6|Dec high C=17.0|year high C=21.8|Jan mean C=12.5|Feb mean C=13.1|Mar mean C=14.0|Apr mean C=15.2|May mean C=17.7|Jun mean C=20.6|Jul mean C=23.5|Aug mean C=23.9|Sep mean C=22.8|Oct mean C=19.7|Nov mean C=15.9|Dec mean C=13.3|year mean C=17.7|Jan low C=8.8|Feb low C=9.4|Mar low C=10.1|Apr low C=11.2|May low C=13.4|Jun low C=16.2|Jul low C=18.7|Aug low C=19.1|Sep low C=18.3|Oct low C=15.6|Nov low C=12.2|Dec low C=9.7|year low C=13.6|Jan record low C=-4.2|Feb record low C=0.8|Mar record low C=4.2|Apr record low C=5.8|May record low C=7.4|Jun record low C=10.2|Jul record low C=10.5|Aug record low C=14.0|Sep record low C=10.0|Oct record low C=9.0|Nov record low C=4.8|Dec record low C=-0.1|year record low C=|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=103.5|Feb precipitation mm=98.7|Mar precipitation mm=71.8|Apr precipitation mm=62.2|May precipitation mm=37.3|Jun precipitation mm=13.9|Jul precipitation mm=2.1|Aug precipitation mm=2.5|Sep precipitation mm=14.9|Oct precipitation mm=65.1|Nov precipitation mm=134.6|Dec precipitation mm=129.3|year precipitation mm=735.9|Jan precipitation days=11.2|Feb precipitation days=11.4|Mar precipitation days=10.1|Apr precipitation days=9.3|May precipitation days=6.1|Jun precipitation days=3.7|Jul precipitation days=0.8|Aug precipitation days=0.8|Sep precipitation days=3.1|Oct precipitation days=8.0|Nov precipitation days=11.1|Dec precipitation days=12.0|year precipitation days=87.6|Jan humidity=80|Feb humidity=81|Mar humidity=78|Apr humidity=78|May humidity=76|Jun humidity=74|Jul humidity=70|Aug humidity=72|Sep humidity=73|Oct humidity=76|Nov humidity=79|Dec humidity=81|year humidity=76|Jan sun=169.2|Feb sun=166.9|Mar sun=231.7|Apr sun=251.7|May sun=298.9|Jun sun=306.8|Jul sun=344.0|Aug sun=330.7|Sep sun=275.6|Oct sun=238.2|Nov sun=180.6|Dec sun=166.9|year sun=2960.7|source 1=NOAA<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web

| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/FM/60101.TXT

| title = Tangier Climate Normals 1961–1990

| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]

| access-date = October 14, 2016}}</ref>|source 2=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity, 1973–1993)<ref name = DWD>

{{cite web

| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_601010_kt.pdf

| title = Klimatafel von Tanger / Marokko

| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world

| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst

| language = de

| access-date = October 14, 2016}}</ref>}}

== Sejarah ==

=== Petempatan ===

Tanjah diasaskan para penduduk [[Phoenicia|Finikiah]] seawal abad ke-10 SM{{sfnp|Hartley|2007|p=345}}<ref name="brad">{{harvp|Davies|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=H4QeOGV_zl4C&pg=PA119 119]}}.</ref> mengukuh pada abad ke-8 SM.<ref name="sweethomealabama">{{harvp|Roller|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=AFpzZfm7WdYC&pg=PT57 34]}}.</ref> Ia menjadi pelabuhan besar dalam kerajaan [[Carthage|Cathago]] pada abad ke-5 SM.{{sfnp|Hartley|2007|p=345}}<ref name="brad" /> Masyarakat [[Yunani Purba]] percaya bahawa kota ini dinamakan sempena Tinjis, anak sang gergasi [[Atlas (mitologi)|Atlas]] yang menjadi kekasih sedudukan [[Herakles]].<ref name="plu">{{citation|author=L. Mestrius Plutarchus|author-link=Ploutarkhos|title=Vītae Parallēlae|contribution=15: Sertorius|contribution-url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Sertorius*.html|at=§9|title-link=Vītae Parallēlae}}.</ref>

== Bandar kembar ==

Tanjah [[Bandar kembar|dikembarkan]] kepada:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bladi.net/jumelage-tanger-phuket,44463.html|title=Un jumelage Tanger - Phuket (Thaïlande) en projet|date=2016-02-19|website=bladi.net|language=fr|access-date=2020-10-19}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Algeciras]], Sepanyol<ref>{{cite web |title=Algeciras y Tánger, hermanadas en políticas turísticas y culturales|url=https://www.lavozdigital.es/cadiz/campo-gibraltar/lvdi-algeciras-y-tanger-hermanadas-politicas-turisticas-y-culturales-201809241131_noticia.html|website=lavozdigital.es|publisher=La Voz de Cádiz|language=es|date=2018-09-24|access-date=2020-10-19}}</ref>

*{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Bizerte]], Tunisia

*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Cádiz]], Sepanyol

*{{flagicon|VIE}} [[Da Nang]], Vietnam<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanger et Da Nang liées par un accord de jumelage|url=https://lematin.ma/express/2019/tanger-da-nang-liees-accord-jumelage/313253.html|website=lematin.ma|publisher=Le Matin|language=fr|date=2019-03-29|access-date=2020-10-19}}</ref>

*{{flagicon|POR}} [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]], Portugal

*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Liège]], Belgium

*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Metz]], Perancis

*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Puteaux]], Perancis<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumelage et Pactes d'amitié|url=http://www.puteaux.fr/Ma-ville/Jumelage-et-Pactes-d-amitie|website=puteaux.fr|publisher=Puteaux|language=fr|access-date=2020-10-22}}</ref>

*{{flagicon|REU}} [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]], Réunion, Perancis

*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Saint-Josse-ten-Noode]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web |title=Decentralized international cooperation|url=http://saint-josse.irisnet.be/en/municipality/social-cohesion-solidarity/decentralized-international-cooperation|website=saint-josse.irisnet.be|publisher=Saint-Josse-ten-Noode|date=2019-05-21|access-date=2020-10-19}}</ref>

*{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Santiago]], Chile

*{{flagicon|ALG}} [[Sétif]], Algeria

<!--Beaugency, Casablanca, Málaga - not twinning-->

*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil

{{div col end}}

Tangier (23171358122).jpg | Pemandangan panorama Tanjah

{{reflist|2}}

;Sumber

* {{citation |last=Davies |first=Ethel |contribution=Tangier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4QeOGV_zl4C |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4QeOGV_zl4C&pg=PA119 |pages=119 ff |title=North Africa: The Roman Coast |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |date=2009 |location=Chalfont St Peter |isbn=9781841622873 }}.

* {{citation |last=Hartley |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC |title=Cities of the Middle East and North Africa |editor-last=Dumper |editor-first=Michael R.T. |editor2=Bruce E. Stanley |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=[[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] |date=2007 |display-editors=0 |contribution=Tangier |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&pg=PA345 |pages=345–347 |isbn=9781576079195 }}.

* {{citation |last=Lévi-Provençal |first=Évariste |author-link= |contribution=Tangier |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro--tXw_hxMC&pg=PA650 |pages=650–652 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |volume=IV |editor=[[Martin Theodoor Houtsma]] |editor2=Arent Jan Wensinck |editor3=[[Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb]] |editor4=Wilhelm Heffening |editor5=[[Évariste Lévi-Provençal]] |display-editors=0 |location=Leiden |publisher=E.J. Brill |date=1936 |title-link=Encyclopaedia of Islam }}.

* {{citation|last=Pétridés|first=Sophron|contribution=[[:s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Tingis|Tingis]]|title=Catholic Encyclopedia|volume=XIV|date=1913|location=New York|publisher=Encyclopedia Press|editor=Charles G. Herbermann|editor2=Edward A. Pace|editor3=Condé B. Fallen|editor4=Thomas J. Shahan|editor5=John J. Wynne|display-editors=0|ref={{harvid|''Cath. Enc.''|1913}}|title-link=:s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)}}.

* {{citation |first=Duane W. |last=Roller |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AFpzZfm7WdYC |title=Through the Pillars of Herakles: Greco-Roman Exploration of the Atlantic |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |location=Abington |isbn=9781134192328 }}.

{{NSRW Poster|Tanjah}}

{{Wikivoyage|Tangier}}

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150316104721/http://archnet.org/sites/8435 History, description, and images of Tanjah on Archnet]

*[https://archnet.org/authorities/3987 Tanjah di Archnet] – History, sites, photos (historic and contemporary), and media

{{tunas-Maghribi}}{{Portuguese overseas empire}}