Purpose. Community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA‐MRSA) has become a ... more Purpose. Community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA‐MRSA) has become a considerable public health concern in both developed and developing countries due to the rapid spread of this bacterium around the world, also the epidemiology of MRSA has changed, as the isolation of MRSA strains is not limited to health‐care settings or patients with predisposing risk factors. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profile of CA‐MRSA nasal carriage in Iranian children. Methodology. A cross‐sectional study was conducted from April 2013 to March 2014. A total of 25 CA‐MRSA were isolated from the anterior nares of 410 preschool children with no risk factors. All MRSA isolates were characterized by detection of the Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (pvl) and &ggr;‐hemolysin genes, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST). Results. In 25 CA‐MRSA isolates, Pvl and &ggr;‐hemolysin genes were detected in one (4%) and 18 (72%) isolates; respectively. Overall, 92% (23/25) of isolates belonged to SCCmec type IV and 8% (2/25) of them had SCCmec type V profile. Using MLST, the 25 isolates were grouped into six clonal complexes (CC) and eight sequence types (ST) (CC5/ST6, CC22/ST22 and ST217, CC30/ST30 and ST1107, CC78/ST859, CC398/ST291 and CC97/ST405). The ST859/SCCmec IV (11/25, 44%) was the predominant clone among the isolates. ST859‐MRSA‐IV‐pvl‐negative (resistant to tetracycline) have successfully adapted to the Iranian preschool children population. Conclusion. Our results suggest that the genomic diversity was observed among the CA‐MRSA. In addition, the current study demonstrates that pvl is not a reliable marker for CA‐MRSA in our region.
The recent emergence of invasive infections due to Nocardia spp., including nosocomial outbreak, ... more The recent emergence of invasive infections due to Nocardia spp., including nosocomial outbreak, is now evident. Newer molecular diagnostic and typing methods are developed. Although sulfonamide-based therapy is generally effective, optimal treatment may be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates. The improved classification of nocardiae and other related genera such as actinomadurae, using the 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, provide a sound basis for improved diagnostic methods for the identification of members of clinically significant species. The commonest cause of eumycetoma in Sudan is Madurella mycetomatis, and Streptomyces somaliensis and Actinomadura madurae for actinomycetoma. The humoral immunity response in actinomycetoma patients and in experimental mice was measured and significant titre of anti-P24 antibody was demonstrated.
Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 2002
از نظر تاریخی زخم های جراحی به زخم های تمیز، تمیز-آلوده و آلوده تقسیم بندی می شوند. عفونت زخم های... more از نظر تاریخی زخم های جراحی به زخم های تمیز، تمیز-آلوده و آلوده تقسیم بندی می شوند. عفونت زخم های جراحی دومین نوع عفونت های شایع اکتسابی بیمارستانی هستند که حداقل 17 این موارد را شامل می گردند. میزان عفونت در صورت تجویز آنتی بیوتیک پروفیلاکسی برای زخم های تمیز، تمیز-آلوده و آلوده بترتیب در حدود 0.8، 1.3 و 10.2 در هر یکصد بیمار گزارش گردیده است. برای ارزیابی وضعیت عفونت های بیمارستانی و نیز تخمین میزان عفونت زخم های جراحی توصیه شده است که زخم های تمیز مورد پایش قرار گیرند. لذا با در نظر گرفتن این حقیقت، بررسی حاضر با هدف تعیین میزان شیوع عفونت های زخم های تمیز، جداسازی و شناسایی گونه های شایع باکتریایی و بررسی الگوی حساسیت عوامل عفونت زا به آنتی بیوتیک ها انجام شد. همچنین رابطه عفونت با عواملی همچون سن، نوع عمل و طول مدت جراحی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. 845 زخم جراحی تمیز یا کلاس I در طی 9 ماه از بهمن 1378 تا آبان ماه 1379 مورد برسی قرار گرفتند. میزان بروز عفونت برای زخم های جراحی تمیز 4.9 بدست آمد. از سوی دیگر، میزان عفونت در اعمال جراحی که بیش از نیم ساعت بطول انجامیده بود بیشتر از اعما...
Objective(s) Resistance to antimicrobial agents, particularly metronidazole and clarithromycin, i... more Objective(s) Resistance to antimicrobial agents, particularly metronidazole and clarithromycin, is frequently observed in Helicobacter pylori and may be associated with treatment failure. This resistance rate varies according to the population studied. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori isolates from dyspeptic patients in Isfahan. Materials and Methods Antral gastric biopsies from 230 dyspeptic patients were cultured. Susceptibility testing to commonly used antibiotics performed on pure cultures of 80 H. pylori-positive isolates by Modified Disk Diffusion Method (MDDM). Genomic DNA extracted and subjected for study of entire genomic pattern using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR). Results The overall rates of primary resistance were 30.0%, 8.75%, 6.25%, 3.75%, 3.75%, and 2.50% for metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin, respectively. Multiple ...
Background and objectives Some microorganisms, mainly members of two genera including Pseudomonas... more Background and objectives Some microorganisms, mainly members of two genera including Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium, were found to be capable of transforming and degrading of polluting agents. We herein report the isolation of a few mycobacteria with the ability to biodegrade organic and inorganic compounds from water supplies of Iranian hospitals. Materials and methods The water samples were collected from hospital water supplies. Isolation processes were done according to standard methods. The colonies were subcultured on Löwenstein-Jensen medium to obtain a pure culture. The identification and characterization of the isolates were based on conventional and molecular methods including direct sequence analysis of almost full length of 16S rRNA gene. Results The almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequences of the studied strains revealed that the isolates WP16, AW18-1 and AW18-3 were identified as M. fredriksbergense, AW18-2 as M. austroafricanum, AW27-2 as M. obuenseand AW27-6 as M. pho...
IJMM 2016; 10(2): 01-15 Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases during the ... more IJMM 2016; 10(2): 01-15 Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases during the history of humans’ life, various societies always have been trying to control and struggle against this disease. Tuberculosis could be controlled by Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus as etiologic agent and the discovery of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine all around the world. In fact, it had been assumed Tuberculosis could ultimately be eradicated, however any possible global control of tuberculosis will be destroyed in the near future because of the existence of tolerant strains, the worldwide distribution of the disease, as well as the emergence of the AIDS epidemic. The fact that one-third of the world's population is infected with M. tuberculosis which can consider as a reservoir of infection. This issue has become even more complicated now since non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) is indistinguishable than tuberculous mycobacteria because they are environmental...
It is difficult to distinguish between clinically significant slowly -growing, non-pigmented myco... more It is difficult to distinguish between clinically significant slowly -growing, non-pigmented mycobacteria, notably to separate M. aviumand M. intracellulare from one another and from M. scrofulaceum strains. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ext ent to which 16S rRNA sequencing could be used to highlight the taxonomic relationships of the mycobacterial strains, which are difficult to separate using conventional microbiologic methods. Almost the complete sequences of the 16S rRNA of several M. avium-intracellulare complex strains were determined following the isolation and direct sequencing of the amplified genes. The sequences were aligned with those of previously studied mycobacteria, and phylogenetic trees inferred by using the Fitch -Magoliash, neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony methods. It is evident from the result of the current study that the nucleotide signature regions of 16S rRNA provide valuable information for the differentiation of M.avium-intracellular...
Background and Objective Over 165 million cases of shigellosis occur in the world each year, most... more Background and Objective Over 165 million cases of shigellosis occur in the world each year, mostly in developing countries. Outbreaks of shigellosis are associated with poor sanitation, natural calamities, contaminated food and crowded living conditions. In late summer 2006, during the final stage of an outbreak of shigellosis at a vast region of Isfahan province, Naein & Ardestan, our laboratory was assigned to investigate the outbreak in order to determine the causative agent. Materials and Methods A total of 146 rectal swabs which had been collected from the patients by local laboratories on separate days were screened using a battery of conventional and molecular tests. Results Thirteen specimens tested positive for Shigella spp. They were identified as S. sonnei (6, 46.1%), S. dysenteriae (4, 30.8%), S. flexneri (2, 15.4%) and Shigella spp (1, 7.7%) by conventional and molecular microbiological tests. According to ribotyping results the isolates were grouped into 3 distinct cl...
Materials and Methods: The characteristics of isolates were determined using standard phenotypic ... more Materials and Methods: The characteristics of isolates were determined using standard phenotypic profiles including colony morphology, Gram staining, catalase, hyaluronidase, coagulase and Dnase tests as well as mannitol fermentation. The MRSA detection was carried out according to CLSI guidelines with oxacillin agar screen test. Methicillin resistance was further confirmed by detection of a 310 bp fragment of mecA gene of MRSA by PCR. Drug susceptibility testing to antibiotics other than methicillin was conducted by disk diffusion. The Beta-lactamase production and inducible clindamycin resistance were also determined by performing the double-disc diffusion and D-test.
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases that has claimed its vi... more Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases that has claimed its victims throughout much of known human history. With Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus as the etiologic agent of the disease, his sanitary and hygienic measures, which were based on his discovery and the development of a vaccine against tuberculosis by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin in 1921, an attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain, bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and the discovery of the first antibiotic against tuberculosis, streptomycin by Selman Waksman in 1943, soon led to the opinion that appropriate control measures had become available for tuberculosis and it had been assumed that the disease could ultimately be eradicated. The emergence of resistant strains of this bacteria and widespread distribution of the disease in the world, and the emergence of the AIDS epidemic destroyed any possibility of global control of tuberculosis in the foreseeable future. Objectives: ...
Purpose. Community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA‐MRSA) has become a ... more Purpose. Community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA‐MRSA) has become a considerable public health concern in both developed and developing countries due to the rapid spread of this bacterium around the world, also the epidemiology of MRSA has changed, as the isolation of MRSA strains is not limited to health‐care settings or patients with predisposing risk factors. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profile of CA‐MRSA nasal carriage in Iranian children. Methodology. A cross‐sectional study was conducted from April 2013 to March 2014. A total of 25 CA‐MRSA were isolated from the anterior nares of 410 preschool children with no risk factors. All MRSA isolates were characterized by detection of the Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (pvl) and &ggr;‐hemolysin genes, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST). Results. In 25 CA‐MRSA isolates, Pvl and &ggr;‐hemolysin genes were detected in one (4%) and 18 (72%) isolates; respectively. Overall, 92% (23/25) of isolates belonged to SCCmec type IV and 8% (2/25) of them had SCCmec type V profile. Using MLST, the 25 isolates were grouped into six clonal complexes (CC) and eight sequence types (ST) (CC5/ST6, CC22/ST22 and ST217, CC30/ST30 and ST1107, CC78/ST859, CC398/ST291 and CC97/ST405). The ST859/SCCmec IV (11/25, 44%) was the predominant clone among the isolates. ST859‐MRSA‐IV‐pvl‐negative (resistant to tetracycline) have successfully adapted to the Iranian preschool children population. Conclusion. Our results suggest that the genomic diversity was observed among the CA‐MRSA. In addition, the current study demonstrates that pvl is not a reliable marker for CA‐MRSA in our region.
The recent emergence of invasive infections due to Nocardia spp., including nosocomial outbreak, ... more The recent emergence of invasive infections due to Nocardia spp., including nosocomial outbreak, is now evident. Newer molecular diagnostic and typing methods are developed. Although sulfonamide-based therapy is generally effective, optimal treatment may be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates. The improved classification of nocardiae and other related genera such as actinomadurae, using the 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, provide a sound basis for improved diagnostic methods for the identification of members of clinically significant species. The commonest cause of eumycetoma in Sudan is Madurella mycetomatis, and Streptomyces somaliensis and Actinomadura madurae for actinomycetoma. The humoral immunity response in actinomycetoma patients and in experimental mice was measured and significant titre of anti-P24 antibody was demonstrated.
Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 2002
از نظر تاریخی زخم های جراحی به زخم های تمیز، تمیز-آلوده و آلوده تقسیم بندی می شوند. عفونت زخم های... more از نظر تاریخی زخم های جراحی به زخم های تمیز، تمیز-آلوده و آلوده تقسیم بندی می شوند. عفونت زخم های جراحی دومین نوع عفونت های شایع اکتسابی بیمارستانی هستند که حداقل 17 این موارد را شامل می گردند. میزان عفونت در صورت تجویز آنتی بیوتیک پروفیلاکسی برای زخم های تمیز، تمیز-آلوده و آلوده بترتیب در حدود 0.8، 1.3 و 10.2 در هر یکصد بیمار گزارش گردیده است. برای ارزیابی وضعیت عفونت های بیمارستانی و نیز تخمین میزان عفونت زخم های جراحی توصیه شده است که زخم های تمیز مورد پایش قرار گیرند. لذا با در نظر گرفتن این حقیقت، بررسی حاضر با هدف تعیین میزان شیوع عفونت های زخم های تمیز، جداسازی و شناسایی گونه های شایع باکتریایی و بررسی الگوی حساسیت عوامل عفونت زا به آنتی بیوتیک ها انجام شد. همچنین رابطه عفونت با عواملی همچون سن، نوع عمل و طول مدت جراحی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. 845 زخم جراحی تمیز یا کلاس I در طی 9 ماه از بهمن 1378 تا آبان ماه 1379 مورد برسی قرار گرفتند. میزان بروز عفونت برای زخم های جراحی تمیز 4.9 بدست آمد. از سوی دیگر، میزان عفونت در اعمال جراحی که بیش از نیم ساعت بطول انجامیده بود بیشتر از اعما...
Objective(s) Resistance to antimicrobial agents, particularly metronidazole and clarithromycin, i... more Objective(s) Resistance to antimicrobial agents, particularly metronidazole and clarithromycin, is frequently observed in Helicobacter pylori and may be associated with treatment failure. This resistance rate varies according to the population studied. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori isolates from dyspeptic patients in Isfahan. Materials and Methods Antral gastric biopsies from 230 dyspeptic patients were cultured. Susceptibility testing to commonly used antibiotics performed on pure cultures of 80 H. pylori-positive isolates by Modified Disk Diffusion Method (MDDM). Genomic DNA extracted and subjected for study of entire genomic pattern using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR). Results The overall rates of primary resistance were 30.0%, 8.75%, 6.25%, 3.75%, 3.75%, and 2.50% for metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin, respectively. Multiple ...
Background and objectives Some microorganisms, mainly members of two genera including Pseudomonas... more Background and objectives Some microorganisms, mainly members of two genera including Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium, were found to be capable of transforming and degrading of polluting agents. We herein report the isolation of a few mycobacteria with the ability to biodegrade organic and inorganic compounds from water supplies of Iranian hospitals. Materials and methods The water samples were collected from hospital water supplies. Isolation processes were done according to standard methods. The colonies were subcultured on Löwenstein-Jensen medium to obtain a pure culture. The identification and characterization of the isolates were based on conventional and molecular methods including direct sequence analysis of almost full length of 16S rRNA gene. Results The almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequences of the studied strains revealed that the isolates WP16, AW18-1 and AW18-3 were identified as M. fredriksbergense, AW18-2 as M. austroafricanum, AW27-2 as M. obuenseand AW27-6 as M. pho...
IJMM 2016; 10(2): 01-15 Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases during the ... more IJMM 2016; 10(2): 01-15 Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases during the history of humans’ life, various societies always have been trying to control and struggle against this disease. Tuberculosis could be controlled by Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus as etiologic agent and the discovery of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine all around the world. In fact, it had been assumed Tuberculosis could ultimately be eradicated, however any possible global control of tuberculosis will be destroyed in the near future because of the existence of tolerant strains, the worldwide distribution of the disease, as well as the emergence of the AIDS epidemic. The fact that one-third of the world's population is infected with M. tuberculosis which can consider as a reservoir of infection. This issue has become even more complicated now since non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) is indistinguishable than tuberculous mycobacteria because they are environmental...
It is difficult to distinguish between clinically significant slowly -growing, non-pigmented myco... more It is difficult to distinguish between clinically significant slowly -growing, non-pigmented mycobacteria, notably to separate M. aviumand M. intracellulare from one another and from M. scrofulaceum strains. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ext ent to which 16S rRNA sequencing could be used to highlight the taxonomic relationships of the mycobacterial strains, which are difficult to separate using conventional microbiologic methods. Almost the complete sequences of the 16S rRNA of several M. avium-intracellulare complex strains were determined following the isolation and direct sequencing of the amplified genes. The sequences were aligned with those of previously studied mycobacteria, and phylogenetic trees inferred by using the Fitch -Magoliash, neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony methods. It is evident from the result of the current study that the nucleotide signature regions of 16S rRNA provide valuable information for the differentiation of M.avium-intracellular...
Background and Objective Over 165 million cases of shigellosis occur in the world each year, most... more Background and Objective Over 165 million cases of shigellosis occur in the world each year, mostly in developing countries. Outbreaks of shigellosis are associated with poor sanitation, natural calamities, contaminated food and crowded living conditions. In late summer 2006, during the final stage of an outbreak of shigellosis at a vast region of Isfahan province, Naein & Ardestan, our laboratory was assigned to investigate the outbreak in order to determine the causative agent. Materials and Methods A total of 146 rectal swabs which had been collected from the patients by local laboratories on separate days were screened using a battery of conventional and molecular tests. Results Thirteen specimens tested positive for Shigella spp. They were identified as S. sonnei (6, 46.1%), S. dysenteriae (4, 30.8%), S. flexneri (2, 15.4%) and Shigella spp (1, 7.7%) by conventional and molecular microbiological tests. According to ribotyping results the isolates were grouped into 3 distinct cl...
Materials and Methods: The characteristics of isolates were determined using standard phenotypic ... more Materials and Methods: The characteristics of isolates were determined using standard phenotypic profiles including colony morphology, Gram staining, catalase, hyaluronidase, coagulase and Dnase tests as well as mannitol fermentation. The MRSA detection was carried out according to CLSI guidelines with oxacillin agar screen test. Methicillin resistance was further confirmed by detection of a 310 bp fragment of mecA gene of MRSA by PCR. Drug susceptibility testing to antibiotics other than methicillin was conducted by disk diffusion. The Beta-lactamase production and inducible clindamycin resistance were also determined by performing the double-disc diffusion and D-test.
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases that has claimed its vi... more Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases that has claimed its victims throughout much of known human history. With Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus as the etiologic agent of the disease, his sanitary and hygienic measures, which were based on his discovery and the development of a vaccine against tuberculosis by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin in 1921, an attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain, bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and the discovery of the first antibiotic against tuberculosis, streptomycin by Selman Waksman in 1943, soon led to the opinion that appropriate control measures had become available for tuberculosis and it had been assumed that the disease could ultimately be eradicated. The emergence of resistant strains of this bacteria and widespread distribution of the disease in the world, and the emergence of the AIDS epidemic destroyed any possibility of global control of tuberculosis in the foreseeable future. Objectives: ...
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