Page 1. Michael A. Borowitzka AlanT. Critchley Stefan Kraan Akira Peters Kiersti Siotun DEVELOPME... more Page 1. Michael A. Borowitzka AlanT. Critchley Stefan Kraan Akira Peters Kiersti Siotun DEVELOPMENTS IN APPLIED PHVCOLOGV Nineteenth Internationa' Seaweed Symposium Proceedings of the 19th International Seaweed ...
Chemically mediated interactions between microalgae and between microalgae and other organisms, a... more Chemically mediated interactions between microalgae and between microalgae and other organisms, are widespread in nature. They are important in structuring algal communities, bloom formation, algal development, and they affect the productivity of algae. In recent years understanding of these types of interactions has greatly improved, but in many cases the exact mechanisms are still little understood, and the actual bioactive compounds are not known. Many instances of allelopathic interactions have been recorded, including the presence of autoinhibitors in some algae. Some of the allelopathic compounds identified include free fatty acids (e.g. in green algae), polyunsaturated aldehydes (in diatoms) and the alkaloid cylindrospermopsin (in cyanobacteria). Other chemically-mediated interactions include pheromones and hormones which affect algal reproduction and development. Finally, there is some evidence for microalgae affecting bacterial quorum sensing, and for quorum sensing in cyanobacteria.
This book covers the state-of-the-art of microalgae physiology and biochemistry (and the several ... more This book covers the state-of-the-art of microalgae physiology and biochemistry (and the several –omics). It serves as a key reference work for those working with microalgae, whether in the lab, the field, or for commercial applications. It is aimed at new entrants into the field (i.e. PhD students) as well as experienced practitioners. It has been over 40 years since the publication of a book on algal physiology. Apart from reviews and chapters no other comprehensive book on this topic has been published. Research on microalgae has expanded enormously since then, as has the commercial exploitation of microalgae. This volume thoroughly deals with the most critical physiological and biochemical processes governing algal growth and production.
Diatoms are of great interest for large-scale cultivation due to their high lipid content. The ab... more Diatoms are of great interest for large-scale cultivation due to their high lipid content. The ability to grow over a wide range of salinities is also of great advantage. We studied the effect of temperature and salinity on the growth, lipids and fatty acid profiles of a newly isolated halophilic diatom Amphora sp. MUR 258. Amphora sp. MUR 258 is unusual in that it grows over a wide range of temperatures (24–35 °C) and salinities (7–12% (w/v) NaCl). The highest specific growth rate (SGR; 0.607 ± 0.017 day−1) was achieved at 7% NaCl at 35 °C, and the lowest SGR (0.433 ± 0.087 day−1) was obtained at 9% NaCl at 25 °C. The cells contained more lipids in the exponential phase, except when grown at 12% NaCl where the lipid content was higher in the stationary phase. The alga achieved its highest lipid content (57.69 ± 2.039% ash-free dry weight (AFDW) when grown at 7% NaCl at 25 °C and the lowest (34.43 ± 3.955% AFDW) obtained at 12% NaCl at 35 °C. The highest biomass productivity (0.171 ± 0.017 gAFDW L−1 day−1) and the lipid productivity (0.062 ± 0.017 gAFDW L−1 day−1) were achieved when the Amphora were grown at 9% NaCl at 35 °C and 7% at 25 °C, respectively. Irrespective of the growth conditions, the predominant fatty acids of Amphora sp. MUR 258 were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1), as well as low quantities of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5).
A wide variety of carotenoids are biosynthesized by plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. They appe... more A wide variety of carotenoids are biosynthesized by plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. They appear to play a range of roles in these organisms, especially light-harvesting in plants and protecting cells from oxidative damage. Natural carotenoids for applications in human and animal nutrition are extracted from a number of natural plant sources, and, in the last 25 years, several algal, fungal, and yeast sources have also been developed as commercial sources of β-carotene and astaxanthin. Microbial sources of other carotenoids, such as lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and canthaxanthin, are also being developed. Genetic engineering also provides a powerful tool for understanding the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways and their control and this information can be used to optimize production systems.
Australia is a significant producer of microalgae with the production of β-carotene from the halo... more Australia is a significant producer of microalgae with the production of β-carotene from the halophilic green alga Dunaliella salina in Western Australia and South Australia. Microalgae production is also critical to the success of the aquaculture industry, especially in the culture of shellfish and prawns. Attempts to develop other microalgae species (e.g. Spirulina, Chlorella) commercially in Australia have failed so far. Current research and development is focussing mainly on developing new species for new products (i.e. biologically active compounds, fatty acids) and new, commercially viable, large-scale culture systems. The application of microalgae in environmental bioremediation (i.e. CO2 trapping; soil bioremediation) is also being explored. This paper will provide an overview of these areas and will attempt to give an assessment of those areas with the greatest likelihood of commercial success. It will also highlight some key areas where research is urgently needed.
The Tyge Christensen Prize, first announced in 1997 (Phycologia 36:1), is awarded annually for th... more The Tyge Christensen Prize, first announced in 1997 (Phycologia 36:1), is awarded annually for the best paper published in Phycologia. The Prize consists of a cash award of US$500 per author, up to a maximum of US$2000 per paper, as well as commemorative certificates for each author. Judging of the award is based on scientific significance, originality of the subject matter or techniques, comprehensiveness, and clarity of presentation. A total of 52 papers were published in Phycologia during 2011 (Volume 50). The panel of judges initially chose 12 papers on the basis of each of the above criteria, with each judge nominating and ranking up to five papers. The scores were tallied and the judges conducted a second evaluation on the three top-ranked papers. The International Phycological Society (IPS) is pleased to announce that the Tyge Christensen Prize for 2011 is awarded for the paper:
The deposition of CaCO3 by algae (calcification) is a widespread phenomenon and the deposits of e... more The deposition of CaCO3 by algae (calcification) is a widespread phenomenon and the deposits of either aragonite or calcite may be extra‐, inter‐, or intracellular. This variability in location and crystal isomorph suggests that different calcification mechanisms operate in different algal groups. Despite this difference, all algal calcification systems have some common features. These include the need for a suitable
Techno-economic modeling is a valuable and widely used process for guiding research and developme... more Techno-economic modeling is a valuable and widely used process for guiding research and development efforts in order to achieve an economically viable outcome. In the case of algal biofuels, techno-economic modeling can be used and to provide important information on the best path to commercialization and to provide an estimate of the cost of biofuel production. These models integrate complex technical and economic information for a given process or processes. Techno-economic modeling can be used the evaluate and compare alternate processes, to help in defining the project scale and scope for economic value, measure uncertainty of project technical and financial risks, for the assessment of the sensitivity to changes in prices/efficiencies on project worth, for the economic evaluation of project worth, and for the calculation of expected returns and risks to capital investment. This chapter introduces and describes the process of techno-economic modeling and how the findings of this modeling can be used. Some of the key findings of the many models which have been published to date and their limitations are considered within the context of how the cost of production of biofuels from microalgae can be reduced.
Page 1. Michael A. Borowitzka AlanT. Critchley Stefan Kraan Akira Peters Kiersti Siotun DEVELOPME... more Page 1. Michael A. Borowitzka AlanT. Critchley Stefan Kraan Akira Peters Kiersti Siotun DEVELOPMENTS IN APPLIED PHVCOLOGV Nineteenth Internationa' Seaweed Symposium Proceedings of the 19th International Seaweed ...
Chemically mediated interactions between microalgae and between microalgae and other organisms, a... more Chemically mediated interactions between microalgae and between microalgae and other organisms, are widespread in nature. They are important in structuring algal communities, bloom formation, algal development, and they affect the productivity of algae. In recent years understanding of these types of interactions has greatly improved, but in many cases the exact mechanisms are still little understood, and the actual bioactive compounds are not known. Many instances of allelopathic interactions have been recorded, including the presence of autoinhibitors in some algae. Some of the allelopathic compounds identified include free fatty acids (e.g. in green algae), polyunsaturated aldehydes (in diatoms) and the alkaloid cylindrospermopsin (in cyanobacteria). Other chemically-mediated interactions include pheromones and hormones which affect algal reproduction and development. Finally, there is some evidence for microalgae affecting bacterial quorum sensing, and for quorum sensing in cyanobacteria.
This book covers the state-of-the-art of microalgae physiology and biochemistry (and the several ... more This book covers the state-of-the-art of microalgae physiology and biochemistry (and the several –omics). It serves as a key reference work for those working with microalgae, whether in the lab, the field, or for commercial applications. It is aimed at new entrants into the field (i.e. PhD students) as well as experienced practitioners. It has been over 40 years since the publication of a book on algal physiology. Apart from reviews and chapters no other comprehensive book on this topic has been published. Research on microalgae has expanded enormously since then, as has the commercial exploitation of microalgae. This volume thoroughly deals with the most critical physiological and biochemical processes governing algal growth and production.
Diatoms are of great interest for large-scale cultivation due to their high lipid content. The ab... more Diatoms are of great interest for large-scale cultivation due to their high lipid content. The ability to grow over a wide range of salinities is also of great advantage. We studied the effect of temperature and salinity on the growth, lipids and fatty acid profiles of a newly isolated halophilic diatom Amphora sp. MUR 258. Amphora sp. MUR 258 is unusual in that it grows over a wide range of temperatures (24–35 °C) and salinities (7–12% (w/v) NaCl). The highest specific growth rate (SGR; 0.607 ± 0.017 day−1) was achieved at 7% NaCl at 35 °C, and the lowest SGR (0.433 ± 0.087 day−1) was obtained at 9% NaCl at 25 °C. The cells contained more lipids in the exponential phase, except when grown at 12% NaCl where the lipid content was higher in the stationary phase. The alga achieved its highest lipid content (57.69 ± 2.039% ash-free dry weight (AFDW) when grown at 7% NaCl at 25 °C and the lowest (34.43 ± 3.955% AFDW) obtained at 12% NaCl at 35 °C. The highest biomass productivity (0.171 ± 0.017 gAFDW L−1 day−1) and the lipid productivity (0.062 ± 0.017 gAFDW L−1 day−1) were achieved when the Amphora were grown at 9% NaCl at 35 °C and 7% at 25 °C, respectively. Irrespective of the growth conditions, the predominant fatty acids of Amphora sp. MUR 258 were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1), as well as low quantities of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5).
A wide variety of carotenoids are biosynthesized by plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. They appe... more A wide variety of carotenoids are biosynthesized by plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. They appear to play a range of roles in these organisms, especially light-harvesting in plants and protecting cells from oxidative damage. Natural carotenoids for applications in human and animal nutrition are extracted from a number of natural plant sources, and, in the last 25 years, several algal, fungal, and yeast sources have also been developed as commercial sources of β-carotene and astaxanthin. Microbial sources of other carotenoids, such as lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and canthaxanthin, are also being developed. Genetic engineering also provides a powerful tool for understanding the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways and their control and this information can be used to optimize production systems.
Australia is a significant producer of microalgae with the production of β-carotene from the halo... more Australia is a significant producer of microalgae with the production of β-carotene from the halophilic green alga Dunaliella salina in Western Australia and South Australia. Microalgae production is also critical to the success of the aquaculture industry, especially in the culture of shellfish and prawns. Attempts to develop other microalgae species (e.g. Spirulina, Chlorella) commercially in Australia have failed so far. Current research and development is focussing mainly on developing new species for new products (i.e. biologically active compounds, fatty acids) and new, commercially viable, large-scale culture systems. The application of microalgae in environmental bioremediation (i.e. CO2 trapping; soil bioremediation) is also being explored. This paper will provide an overview of these areas and will attempt to give an assessment of those areas with the greatest likelihood of commercial success. It will also highlight some key areas where research is urgently needed.
The Tyge Christensen Prize, first announced in 1997 (Phycologia 36:1), is awarded annually for th... more The Tyge Christensen Prize, first announced in 1997 (Phycologia 36:1), is awarded annually for the best paper published in Phycologia. The Prize consists of a cash award of US$500 per author, up to a maximum of US$2000 per paper, as well as commemorative certificates for each author. Judging of the award is based on scientific significance, originality of the subject matter or techniques, comprehensiveness, and clarity of presentation. A total of 52 papers were published in Phycologia during 2011 (Volume 50). The panel of judges initially chose 12 papers on the basis of each of the above criteria, with each judge nominating and ranking up to five papers. The scores were tallied and the judges conducted a second evaluation on the three top-ranked papers. The International Phycological Society (IPS) is pleased to announce that the Tyge Christensen Prize for 2011 is awarded for the paper:
The deposition of CaCO3 by algae (calcification) is a widespread phenomenon and the deposits of e... more The deposition of CaCO3 by algae (calcification) is a widespread phenomenon and the deposits of either aragonite or calcite may be extra‐, inter‐, or intracellular. This variability in location and crystal isomorph suggests that different calcification mechanisms operate in different algal groups. Despite this difference, all algal calcification systems have some common features. These include the need for a suitable
Techno-economic modeling is a valuable and widely used process for guiding research and developme... more Techno-economic modeling is a valuable and widely used process for guiding research and development efforts in order to achieve an economically viable outcome. In the case of algal biofuels, techno-economic modeling can be used and to provide important information on the best path to commercialization and to provide an estimate of the cost of biofuel production. These models integrate complex technical and economic information for a given process or processes. Techno-economic modeling can be used the evaluate and compare alternate processes, to help in defining the project scale and scope for economic value, measure uncertainty of project technical and financial risks, for the assessment of the sensitivity to changes in prices/efficiencies on project worth, for the economic evaluation of project worth, and for the calculation of expected returns and risks to capital investment. This chapter introduces and describes the process of techno-economic modeling and how the findings of this modeling can be used. Some of the key findings of the many models which have been published to date and their limitations are considered within the context of how the cost of production of biofuels from microalgae can be reduced.
Uploads
Papers by Michael Borowitzka