Books by Ghamal Satya Mohammad
MA (Research) Thesis, Colonial and Global History, Leiden University, 2016
This thesis discusses the relationship between royalty and nationalism in the two traditional cou... more This thesis discusses the relationship between royalty and nationalism in the two traditional courts of Southeast Asia, the courts of Thailand and Yogyakarta. It applies a comparative-historical method by exploring the characteristics and determinants of historical phenomena in causal processes. The courts of Thailand and Yogyakarta emerged in the 18th century after a series of internal conflicts. The presence of the Dutch in the political affairs of Yogyakarta since its year of birth made the situation different between the two courts. This thesis shows the apparent correlation between the establishment of the courts of Thailand and Yogyakarta to the birth of nationalism in the two kingdoms. The origin of nationalism in the court of Thailand can be attributed to the struggle against the Burmese invader in the 18th century. The sovereignty of Thailand was then part of a wider Thai nationalism. In Yogyakarta, the origin of nationalism is attributed to the courts’ subjugation to Dutch colonialism, which fostered anti-colonial sentiment.
Based on this comparative study, the characteristic of nationalism from ‘above’ and nationalism from ‘below’ are apparent. In the state of absolute monarchy, such as in Thailand, nationalism was strongly introduced from 'above', meaning that it was initially the product of Thai's kingship and the state apparatus. In Yogyakarta, nationalism emerged from ‘below’. The subordinate position of the Sultan and the Prince of Pakualam in Yogyakarta to the Dutch Colonial Government made the court unable to promote nationalism centred on the Yogya’s kingship. Yogyakarta's political essence of nationalism derived from its educated elite noblemen class. This thesis also demonstrates that nationalism from below, or the egalitarian idea of nationalism, gradually became the dominant political force in the two kingdoms during this period. It changed the state imposition of nationalism in Thailand and Yogyakarta from 1908 – 1942.
Open access. https://studenttheses.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/43564
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BA Thesis, Leiden University, The Netherlands, 2014
In the present Javanese society, the sacred flower Widjojo Koesoemo is considered to be a myth wi... more In the present Javanese society, the sacred flower Widjojo Koesoemo is considered to be a myth with no reference on the once-existed court tradition to obtain the flower for Javanese king. In this research, I demonstrate the role of Widjojo Koesoemo flower and the ritual mission to obtain the flower in the court of Surakarta during the Dutch colonial period. Based on Javanese manuscripts, the mission to obtain Widjojo Koesoemo flower was an important tradition and could be traced back from Javanese mythology as early as 12th century. In the 19th century, both the flower and the mission were needed to build the legitimacy of the king of Surakarta. After coronation of a king, the court of Surakarta dispatched a mission to obtain Widjojo Koesoemo flower. Two spiritual groups in the court: Juru suranata, the court ritual leader, and Reh Pangulon, the ulama’s body from the Great Mosque of Surakarta were sent to the sacred flower’s location at the Southeast Coast of Nusakambangan (Brambang) Island. Challenges to the secrecy of this flower appeared when the Dutch scientists from the second half of the 19th century onwards claimed to successfully demystify this flower by means of scientific explorations and then classified the flower into Linnaean taxonomy. I argue that the “silent rejection” of the court to any scientific claim is the evidence of Javanese cultural persistence. Besides, the Court still sent missions to the Southeast Coast of Nusakambangan until before 1945. This tradition reflects that the king’s rightful ‘cultural’ authority over the kingdom of Surakarta remained unchanged in the period of the Dutch colonial supremacy.
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Skripsi Sarjana S1, Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya, Universitas Indonesia, 2012
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Papers by Ghamal Satya Mohammad
Wacana
Mount Merapi in Central Java is one of the world’s most studied volcanoes. The frequent eruptions... more Mount Merapi in Central Java is one of the world’s most studied volcanoes. The frequent eruptions of this volcano and the densely populated areas on its slopes make Merapi particularly important to scholars of the natural and social sciences. Considerable attention has been devoted to contemporary aspects of this volcano, including research into forecasting and monitoring possible volcanic activity and eruptions. However, research investigating artistic representations of Merapi in a historical context, particularly local artworks referring to how people responded to a natural hazard such as a volcanic eruption, is still rare. In this paper, I explore how artists in the period 1800-1930 have portrayed the volcanic activities in their drawings and paintings. Various historical data, including newspapers, reports, and records of volcanic eruptions, will be used to help interpret the accuracy of the paintings which depict Merapi at different moments in time. I argue that artists in the period under investigation were acutely aware of Merapi’s volcanic activities and depicted these in their drawings and paintings, because of the influence of science, which invokes interest in Merapi, landscape art, and a sense of humanitarianism. Their artworks are dynamic visual historical reflections of Merapi which testify to the power and beauty of nature. Open access. View full article at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/wacana/vol23/iss1/3/
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Wacana, 2022
Mount Merapi in Central Java is one of the world’s most studied volcanoes. The frequent eruptions... more Mount Merapi in Central Java is one of the world’s most studied volcanoes. The frequent eruptions of this volcano and the densely populated areas on its slopes make Merapi particularly important to scholars of the natural and social sciences. Considerable attention has been devoted to contemporary aspects of this volcano, including research into forecasting and monitoring possible volcanic activity and eruptions. However, research investigating artistic representations of Merapi in a historical context, particularly local artworks referring to how people responded to a natural hazard such as a volcanic eruption, is still rare. In this paper, I explore how artists in the period 1800-1930 have portrayed the volcanic activities in their drawings and paintings. Various historical data, including newspapers, reports, and records of volcanic eruptions, will be used to help interpret the accuracy of the paintings which depict Merapi at different moments in time. I argue that artists in the period under investigation were acutely aware of Merapi’s volcanic activities and depicted these in their drawings and paintings, because of the influence of science, which invokes interest in Merapi, landscape art, and a sense of humanitarianism. Their artworks are dynamic visual historical reflections of Merapi which testify to the power and beauty of nature.
Open access. View full article at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/wacana/vol23/iss1/3/
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Drafts by Ghamal Satya Mohammad
(unpublished Intern Report, KITLV Leiden - Rijksmuseum Amsterdam), 2016
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60 Tahun Seminar Sejarah Nasional Indonesia, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2017
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ASEASUK Conference, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), London, UK, 2016
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Books by Ghamal Satya Mohammad
Based on this comparative study, the characteristic of nationalism from ‘above’ and nationalism from ‘below’ are apparent. In the state of absolute monarchy, such as in Thailand, nationalism was strongly introduced from 'above', meaning that it was initially the product of Thai's kingship and the state apparatus. In Yogyakarta, nationalism emerged from ‘below’. The subordinate position of the Sultan and the Prince of Pakualam in Yogyakarta to the Dutch Colonial Government made the court unable to promote nationalism centred on the Yogya’s kingship. Yogyakarta's political essence of nationalism derived from its educated elite noblemen class. This thesis also demonstrates that nationalism from below, or the egalitarian idea of nationalism, gradually became the dominant political force in the two kingdoms during this period. It changed the state imposition of nationalism in Thailand and Yogyakarta from 1908 – 1942.
Open access. https://studenttheses.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/43564
Papers by Ghamal Satya Mohammad
Open access. View full article at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/wacana/vol23/iss1/3/
Drafts by Ghamal Satya Mohammad
Based on this comparative study, the characteristic of nationalism from ‘above’ and nationalism from ‘below’ are apparent. In the state of absolute monarchy, such as in Thailand, nationalism was strongly introduced from 'above', meaning that it was initially the product of Thai's kingship and the state apparatus. In Yogyakarta, nationalism emerged from ‘below’. The subordinate position of the Sultan and the Prince of Pakualam in Yogyakarta to the Dutch Colonial Government made the court unable to promote nationalism centred on the Yogya’s kingship. Yogyakarta's political essence of nationalism derived from its educated elite noblemen class. This thesis also demonstrates that nationalism from below, or the egalitarian idea of nationalism, gradually became the dominant political force in the two kingdoms during this period. It changed the state imposition of nationalism in Thailand and Yogyakarta from 1908 – 1942.
Open access. https://studenttheses.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/43564
Open access. View full article at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/wacana/vol23/iss1/3/