The fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] is nowadays consi... more The fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] is nowadays considered a major threat to crop production and food security nationwide. S. frugiperda, native to the America, has recently been distributed into Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania within the last 6 years. Feeding was on 353 host plant species with a high preference for maize crops. Due to the fast spread of S. frugiperda worldwide, there is an urgent need to further analyze the control methods of this destructive pest. Therefore, a systematic literature search is conducted for relevant works on this pest. In this review article, the global distribution, host plants, morphology, biology, behavior patterns, strains, economic impact and damage symptoms of S. frugiperda are covered. Furthermore, the review focused on S. frugiperda management, which includes monitoring, trapping, cultural and chemical controls, biological control (parasitoids, predators, viruses, nematodes, fungi, and bacteria), botanical control (plant extracts), genetically modified crops and host plant resistance. Despite the huge efforts made in the last years to establish IPM strategies, it still so far from controlling the pest in a successful manner. Thus, addressing S. frugiperda problem in a coherent manner at a global level is needed to effectively suppress the insect on an eco-friendly sound approach. The most important outcome of this review article is to contribute to the global pool of knowledge regarding S. frugiperda.
Background and Aim: The multivariate discriminant (MVD) analysis was a successful statistical too... more Background and Aim: The multivariate discriminant (MVD) analysis was a successful statistical tool with a discriminatory capacity for tracing sheep breeds based on meat characteristics. Thus, this study aimed to identify three Saudi sheep breeds based on the physical and histochemical aspects of meat using MVD analysis. Materials and Methods: Eight male lambs from each breed, Najdi, Neami, and Harri, were selected randomly at 90 days of age and allocated into three groups for breeding in a completely randomized design. The feeding and rearing management were similar for an experimental period of 90 days. The experimental diet consisted of a concentrated mixture with identical amounts of calories and nitrogen. Fifty-one meat characteristics were measured in the preliminary MVD, representing hot and cold carcass weight, meat cuts and quality measures, body component weights, fat deposit weights, and histochemical characteristics. Results: Out of the total meat characteristics measured...
... J. Agron. Crop Sci., 18: 55– 59 Abu-Hammad, AY and AM Battikhi, 1995. ... Effect of mulching ... more ... J. Agron. Crop Sci., 18: 55– 59 Abu-Hammad, AY and AM Battikhi, 1995. ... Effect of mulching on moisture conservation and yield of summer groundnut. J. Soil Crops, 14: 410–413 Pervaiz, MC, M. Iqbal, K. Shahzad and A. Ul-Hassan, 2009. ...
A study was conducted to determine the effect of supplemental dietary yeast culture Saccharomyces... more A study was conducted to determine the effect of supplemental dietary yeast culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae and methionine (cyc-meth) on trace mineral utilization and performance of broiler chicks. 400 Lohman chicks were randomly distributed into 16 pens (25 chicks/pen). Each pen was considered as a replicate and every 4 replicates received one of the following treatments: Control (C): basal diet of corn and soybean meal; T1, control diet + 2 kg cyc-meth; T2, control diet + 3 kg cyc-meth; and T3, control diet + 4 kg cyc-meth. Cyc-meth supplementations significantly (P 0.05) effect of treatment was observed on manganese concentration. Moreover, chicks from T1 and T3 showed a significantly higher (P<0.05) final body weight and dressing percentage compared to C and T2. However, feed intake was significantly increased (P<0.05) with the addition of cyc-meth. Moreover, the partial budget showed that the addition of 2 kg cyc-meth to broiler diet had a positive net return over the co...
One method to increase the fresh water productivity of the basin type stills is to increase the c... more One method to increase the fresh water productivity of the basin type stills is to increase the condensation rate of their condensing surfaces. A basin type still with an aluminum condenser was fabricated and tested in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Texas Tech University. To increase the condensation rate the outer surface of the condenser was cooled with cooling water at different flow rates with and without woven jute material above it. For the same reason, cotton wick material was installed inside the basin of the still. It was found that the higher the flow rates of the cooling water across the condenser, the greater the condensation rate. Installation of cotton wick material inside the basin of the still and using jute material above the outer side of the condenser also caused an increase in the condensation rate thereby an increase in fresh water productivity of the still. Further, it was found that the maximum fresh water productivity was achieved when both the j...
This experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station at Mu’tah University, where th... more This experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station at Mu’tah University, where the soil is a sandy clay loam, to determine the effect of three levels of soil moisture content (7, 11 and 15 %) with a moldboard, disc and chisel plow set at plowing depths of 20 and 25 cm during the experiment on wheel slip of two-wheel drive agricultural tractor. The results showed that the tractor wheel slip was highest for the moldboard plow and lowest for the chisel plow and significantly (p<0.05) increased with increasing plowing depth and with reducing soil moisture content. The interaction effect of plowing depth, soil moisture and used plow type showed that the optimal tractor wheel slippage during the experiment was 9.3%. This result was obtained from plowing by a chisel plow at 20 cm plowing depth and 15% soil moisture.
An innovative solar desalination system was designed, constructed, and tested to produce more fre... more An innovative solar desalination system was designed, constructed, and tested to produce more freshwater than a conventional solar still system. The new system consists of a basin type solar still and an external condenser. The condenser itself contains finned condensing pipes and a reservoir for the cooling water. The effects number of the fins, volume of cooling water, and flow rate in the condenser on the distilled output of the proposed solar desalination system were studied. As compared to the conventional basin type solar still system, the proposed system significantly produced more freshwater when cooling water volume, cooling water flow rate, numbers of fins in the condenser were increased. Furthermore, the number of fins exerted the most significant effect on freshwater productivity. The maximum daily freshwater produced was 12,350 mL when 250 L cooling water, 400 L/h flow rate, and 80 fins on the outer surface of the condensing pipe were used, which is about 300% more than...
Tillage is a very important practice in agriculture in many countries and accounts for more tract... more Tillage is a very important practice in agriculture in many countries and accounts for more traction energy than any other field operation. Tillage operation consumes up to 59% of all diesel fuel required for the complete technology so reduced tractor fuel consumption during tillage will result in both environmental and agricultural economic benefits. Several attempts have been made to study the fuel consumption of the agricultural tractor in order to minimize it to acceptable levels during the tillage operations. Some factors like tillage speed, depth, ballast weight and tires inflation pressure of the tractor can affect the tractor fuel consumption. This article reviews these factors to give possibility for further research to focus on the potential solutions to decrease the fuel consumption of the agricultural tractors.
Tractor wheel slippage is a critical parameter for fuel consumption and field performance and sho... more Tractor wheel slippage is a critical parameter for fuel consumption and field performance and should not exceed 15%. Several attempts have been made to study the wheel slippage of the agricultural tractor in order to minimize it to acceptable levels during the tillage operations. There are many different types of implements for soil tillage, each one of them affects the wheel slippage in a different way. Moreover, several studies have found many operating conditions that can affect the wheel slippage significantly such as: soil moisture content, tillage speed, ballast weights and the type of implement used for tillage. This article reviews the relationship between them which gives possibility for further research to focus on the potential solutions to decrease the tractor driving wheel slippage which can positively affect the fuel consumption. Increase the additional mass of the tractor, decrease the air pressure in the tires, avoid tilling the soil that is too wet or too dry and, c...
A solar desalination unit consisting of a set of conventional basin-type solar stills, and a set ... more A solar desalination unit consisting of a set of conventional basin-type solar stills, and a set of condensation pipes buried in the soil was investigated in this study. The effects of soil moisture and condensation pipes length, depth, diameter and material of the pipes in improving the efficiency of the solar still was studied. Compared to the traditional condensers used in conventional basin type solar stills, it was found that using buried metallic pipes as condensers led to an increase in the freshwater production rate by up to 136%. Additionally, increasing the soil moisture led to improvements in the effectiveness of the buried condensation pipes in condensing more freshwater. Compared to conventional solar stills the freshwater production rate in this study increased by about 54% for a soil moisture level of 30%. Furthermore, metallic pipes produced more freshwater compared to plastic pipes of the same heat transfer surface area. Compared to the plastic pipes, fresh water pr...
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED AND THEORETICAL MECHANICS
This manuscript proposed a novel design and manufacture of 30,000 liters of acrylic acid storage ... more This manuscript proposed a novel design and manufacture of 30,000 liters of acrylic acid storage reservoir according to construction code EN 5500:2009. particularly because the first alternative is limited storage with a volume of 100 liters and does not fulfill the demand of the plant or public safety standards.The proposed design has the ability to encounter all the challenges related to storing acrylic acid in terms of environmental and health risks, flammability, and unexpected Polymerization. All design steps, measurements, and calculations are described in detail in this manuscript.
To study the effects of dietary iron source (basal diet-FeSO 4 .7H 2 O, liver, lentil, spinach, l... more To study the effects of dietary iron source (basal diet-FeSO 4 .7H 2 O, liver, lentil, spinach, liver + lentil, liver+spinach and lentil+spinach) on iron bioavailability, fifty-six Albino Sprague Dawley derived male 21 days old rats were fed on iron-deficient diet (7.8 mg Fe kg -1 diet) and ...
Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jul 21, 2010
This experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Mu’tah University in 2007, wh... more This experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Mu’tah University in 2007, where the soil is a sandy clay loam (56% sand, 15% silt, 29% clay) to study the effect of three plowing speeds (4, 7 and 10km/h), three disk angles (35°, 45° and 55°) and three tilt angles (15°, 20° and 25°) on tractor wheel slip and plowing depth using mounted disk plow. The plowing depth was adjusted at 20 cm. The results showed that increasing the plowing speed significantly (p<0.05) increased tractor wheel slip and plowing depth. Increasing disk angle of the plow significantly increased tractor wheel slip, while the effect of disk angle on plowing depth was not significant. Increasing tilt angle of the plow significantly increased the tractor wheel slip and significantly decreased the plowing depth. Results showed that 3.9% was the optimal wheel slippage, which was obtained from the combined effect of 4 km/h plowing speed, 35° disk angle and 15° tilt angle. Moreover, results showed that 23.6 cm was the optimal plowing depth, which was obtained from the combined effect of 55° disk angle and 15° tilt angle.
A solar desalination unit consisting of a set of conventional basin-type solar stills, and a set ... more A solar desalination unit consisting of a set of conventional basin-type solar stills, and a set of condensation pipes buried in the soil was investigated in this study. The effects of soil moisture and condensation pipes length, depth, diameter and material of the pipes in improving the efficiency of the solar still was studied. Compared to the traditional condensers used in conventional basin type solar stills, it was found that using buried metallic pipes as condensers led to an increase in the freshwater production rate by up to 136%. Additionally, increasing the soil moisture led to improvements in the effectiveness of the buried condensation pipes in condensing more freshwater. Compared to conventional solar stills the freshwater production rate in this study increased by about 54% for a soil moisture level of 30%. Furthermore, metallic pipes produced more freshwater compared to plastic pipes of the same heat transfer surface area. Compared to the plastic pipes, fresh water production rate increased by 98% when metallic pipes were used.
Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 2019
Estimating the amount of fuel consumption of an agricultural tractor during various tillage opera... more Estimating the amount of fuel consumption of an agricultural tractor during various tillage operations will help the selection of the best conservation practices for farm equipment. Draft requirements often dictate the size of the power unit required on a particular farm and, therefore, will also be required for energy management decisions. They will also be considered a prominent factor during the selection of a tractor's machinery and power source. In addition, ground speed measurement is not only necessary for many agricultural machinery applications but also to monitor and map crop yield and properly change the application rate of agricultural inputs. There are several methods and techniques to measure a tractor's fuel consumption, draft force, and ground speed. All these methods have many advantages and disadvantages depending on the tractor, the implement used, and the operating conditions. This article reviews some of these methods, providing scope for further research to focus on the potential development and improvement of the measurement methods, and this could positively affect the accuracy of the data and final results of the research.
Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 2019
Tractor wheel slippage is a critical parameter for fuel consumption and field performance and
sho... more Tractor wheel slippage is a critical parameter for fuel consumption and field performance and should not exceed 15%. Several attempts have been made to study the wheel slippage of the agricultural tractor in order to minimize it to acceptable levels during the tillage operations. There are many different types of implements for soil tillage, each one of them affects the wheel slippage in a different way. Moreover, several studies have found many operating conditions that can affect the wheel slippage significantly such as: soil moisture content, tillage speed, ballast weights and the type of implement used for tillage. This article reviews the relationship between them which gives possibility for further research to focus on the potential solutions to decrease the tractor driving wheel slippage which can positively affect the fuel consumption. Increase the additional mass of the tractor, decrease the air pressure in the tires, avoid tilling the soil that is too wet or too dry and, choose the right implement, speed and depth can decrease the tractor driving wheel slippage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE and BIOLOGY, 2009
To cite this paper: Mamkagh, A.M.A., 2009. Effect of tillage time and plastic mulch on growth and... more To cite this paper: Mamkagh, A.M.A., 2009. Effect of tillage time and plastic mulch on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) grown under rain-fed conditions. ABSTRACT Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of tillage time and plastic mulch on growth, yield and quality of okra under rain-fed conditions. The field was divided into three blocks, in which each block was assigned to three tillage times (tillage was done three times, two times & only one time during early spring). Soil cover treatments (black plastic mulch or no mulch) were randomly distributed according to split plot arrangement with randomized complete block design. Soil tilled three times produced significantly higher yield than other tillage treatments. Average fruit weight of okra was not affected by different tillage treatments. Generally, fresh and dry weights of okra were not significantly affected by different treatment combinations. In general, soil moisture content was higher in soil ploughed three times compared with other tillage times. Using plastic mulch as soil covering was significantly increased yield of okra and their components compared with bare soil. Total yield of okra and fruit number by using plastic mulch was about two times more than without mulching. It is concluded that using black plastic mulch as soil covering enhanced okra vegetative growth and yield. Consequently farmers of the high land are recommended to till the soil three times and using black plastic mulch to produce higher yield.
The fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] is nowadays consi... more The fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] is nowadays considered a major threat to crop production and food security nationwide. S. frugiperda, native to the America, has recently been distributed into Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania within the last 6 years. Feeding was on 353 host plant species with a high preference for maize crops. Due to the fast spread of S. frugiperda worldwide, there is an urgent need to further analyze the control methods of this destructive pest. Therefore, a systematic literature search is conducted for relevant works on this pest. In this review article, the global distribution, host plants, morphology, biology, behavior patterns, strains, economic impact and damage symptoms of S. frugiperda are covered. Furthermore, the review focused on S. frugiperda management, which includes monitoring, trapping, cultural and chemical controls, biological control (parasitoids, predators, viruses, nematodes, fungi, and bacteria), botanical control (plant extracts), genetically modified crops and host plant resistance. Despite the huge efforts made in the last years to establish IPM strategies, it still so far from controlling the pest in a successful manner. Thus, addressing S. frugiperda problem in a coherent manner at a global level is needed to effectively suppress the insect on an eco-friendly sound approach. The most important outcome of this review article is to contribute to the global pool of knowledge regarding S. frugiperda.
Background and Aim: The multivariate discriminant (MVD) analysis was a successful statistical too... more Background and Aim: The multivariate discriminant (MVD) analysis was a successful statistical tool with a discriminatory capacity for tracing sheep breeds based on meat characteristics. Thus, this study aimed to identify three Saudi sheep breeds based on the physical and histochemical aspects of meat using MVD analysis. Materials and Methods: Eight male lambs from each breed, Najdi, Neami, and Harri, were selected randomly at 90 days of age and allocated into three groups for breeding in a completely randomized design. The feeding and rearing management were similar for an experimental period of 90 days. The experimental diet consisted of a concentrated mixture with identical amounts of calories and nitrogen. Fifty-one meat characteristics were measured in the preliminary MVD, representing hot and cold carcass weight, meat cuts and quality measures, body component weights, fat deposit weights, and histochemical characteristics. Results: Out of the total meat characteristics measured...
... J. Agron. Crop Sci., 18: 55– 59 Abu-Hammad, AY and AM Battikhi, 1995. ... Effect of mulching ... more ... J. Agron. Crop Sci., 18: 55– 59 Abu-Hammad, AY and AM Battikhi, 1995. ... Effect of mulching on moisture conservation and yield of summer groundnut. J. Soil Crops, 14: 410–413 Pervaiz, MC, M. Iqbal, K. Shahzad and A. Ul-Hassan, 2009. ...
A study was conducted to determine the effect of supplemental dietary yeast culture Saccharomyces... more A study was conducted to determine the effect of supplemental dietary yeast culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae and methionine (cyc-meth) on trace mineral utilization and performance of broiler chicks. 400 Lohman chicks were randomly distributed into 16 pens (25 chicks/pen). Each pen was considered as a replicate and every 4 replicates received one of the following treatments: Control (C): basal diet of corn and soybean meal; T1, control diet + 2 kg cyc-meth; T2, control diet + 3 kg cyc-meth; and T3, control diet + 4 kg cyc-meth. Cyc-meth supplementations significantly (P 0.05) effect of treatment was observed on manganese concentration. Moreover, chicks from T1 and T3 showed a significantly higher (P<0.05) final body weight and dressing percentage compared to C and T2. However, feed intake was significantly increased (P<0.05) with the addition of cyc-meth. Moreover, the partial budget showed that the addition of 2 kg cyc-meth to broiler diet had a positive net return over the co...
One method to increase the fresh water productivity of the basin type stills is to increase the c... more One method to increase the fresh water productivity of the basin type stills is to increase the condensation rate of their condensing surfaces. A basin type still with an aluminum condenser was fabricated and tested in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Texas Tech University. To increase the condensation rate the outer surface of the condenser was cooled with cooling water at different flow rates with and without woven jute material above it. For the same reason, cotton wick material was installed inside the basin of the still. It was found that the higher the flow rates of the cooling water across the condenser, the greater the condensation rate. Installation of cotton wick material inside the basin of the still and using jute material above the outer side of the condenser also caused an increase in the condensation rate thereby an increase in fresh water productivity of the still. Further, it was found that the maximum fresh water productivity was achieved when both the j...
This experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station at Mu’tah University, where th... more This experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station at Mu’tah University, where the soil is a sandy clay loam, to determine the effect of three levels of soil moisture content (7, 11 and 15 %) with a moldboard, disc and chisel plow set at plowing depths of 20 and 25 cm during the experiment on wheel slip of two-wheel drive agricultural tractor. The results showed that the tractor wheel slip was highest for the moldboard plow and lowest for the chisel plow and significantly (p<0.05) increased with increasing plowing depth and with reducing soil moisture content. The interaction effect of plowing depth, soil moisture and used plow type showed that the optimal tractor wheel slippage during the experiment was 9.3%. This result was obtained from plowing by a chisel plow at 20 cm plowing depth and 15% soil moisture.
An innovative solar desalination system was designed, constructed, and tested to produce more fre... more An innovative solar desalination system was designed, constructed, and tested to produce more freshwater than a conventional solar still system. The new system consists of a basin type solar still and an external condenser. The condenser itself contains finned condensing pipes and a reservoir for the cooling water. The effects number of the fins, volume of cooling water, and flow rate in the condenser on the distilled output of the proposed solar desalination system were studied. As compared to the conventional basin type solar still system, the proposed system significantly produced more freshwater when cooling water volume, cooling water flow rate, numbers of fins in the condenser were increased. Furthermore, the number of fins exerted the most significant effect on freshwater productivity. The maximum daily freshwater produced was 12,350 mL when 250 L cooling water, 400 L/h flow rate, and 80 fins on the outer surface of the condensing pipe were used, which is about 300% more than...
Tillage is a very important practice in agriculture in many countries and accounts for more tract... more Tillage is a very important practice in agriculture in many countries and accounts for more traction energy than any other field operation. Tillage operation consumes up to 59% of all diesel fuel required for the complete technology so reduced tractor fuel consumption during tillage will result in both environmental and agricultural economic benefits. Several attempts have been made to study the fuel consumption of the agricultural tractor in order to minimize it to acceptable levels during the tillage operations. Some factors like tillage speed, depth, ballast weight and tires inflation pressure of the tractor can affect the tractor fuel consumption. This article reviews these factors to give possibility for further research to focus on the potential solutions to decrease the fuel consumption of the agricultural tractors.
Tractor wheel slippage is a critical parameter for fuel consumption and field performance and sho... more Tractor wheel slippage is a critical parameter for fuel consumption and field performance and should not exceed 15%. Several attempts have been made to study the wheel slippage of the agricultural tractor in order to minimize it to acceptable levels during the tillage operations. There are many different types of implements for soil tillage, each one of them affects the wheel slippage in a different way. Moreover, several studies have found many operating conditions that can affect the wheel slippage significantly such as: soil moisture content, tillage speed, ballast weights and the type of implement used for tillage. This article reviews the relationship between them which gives possibility for further research to focus on the potential solutions to decrease the tractor driving wheel slippage which can positively affect the fuel consumption. Increase the additional mass of the tractor, decrease the air pressure in the tires, avoid tilling the soil that is too wet or too dry and, c...
A solar desalination unit consisting of a set of conventional basin-type solar stills, and a set ... more A solar desalination unit consisting of a set of conventional basin-type solar stills, and a set of condensation pipes buried in the soil was investigated in this study. The effects of soil moisture and condensation pipes length, depth, diameter and material of the pipes in improving the efficiency of the solar still was studied. Compared to the traditional condensers used in conventional basin type solar stills, it was found that using buried metallic pipes as condensers led to an increase in the freshwater production rate by up to 136%. Additionally, increasing the soil moisture led to improvements in the effectiveness of the buried condensation pipes in condensing more freshwater. Compared to conventional solar stills the freshwater production rate in this study increased by about 54% for a soil moisture level of 30%. Furthermore, metallic pipes produced more freshwater compared to plastic pipes of the same heat transfer surface area. Compared to the plastic pipes, fresh water pr...
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED AND THEORETICAL MECHANICS
This manuscript proposed a novel design and manufacture of 30,000 liters of acrylic acid storage ... more This manuscript proposed a novel design and manufacture of 30,000 liters of acrylic acid storage reservoir according to construction code EN 5500:2009. particularly because the first alternative is limited storage with a volume of 100 liters and does not fulfill the demand of the plant or public safety standards.The proposed design has the ability to encounter all the challenges related to storing acrylic acid in terms of environmental and health risks, flammability, and unexpected Polymerization. All design steps, measurements, and calculations are described in detail in this manuscript.
To study the effects of dietary iron source (basal diet-FeSO 4 .7H 2 O, liver, lentil, spinach, l... more To study the effects of dietary iron source (basal diet-FeSO 4 .7H 2 O, liver, lentil, spinach, liver + lentil, liver+spinach and lentil+spinach) on iron bioavailability, fifty-six Albino Sprague Dawley derived male 21 days old rats were fed on iron-deficient diet (7.8 mg Fe kg -1 diet) and ...
Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jul 21, 2010
This experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Mu’tah University in 2007, wh... more This experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Mu’tah University in 2007, where the soil is a sandy clay loam (56% sand, 15% silt, 29% clay) to study the effect of three plowing speeds (4, 7 and 10km/h), three disk angles (35°, 45° and 55°) and three tilt angles (15°, 20° and 25°) on tractor wheel slip and plowing depth using mounted disk plow. The plowing depth was adjusted at 20 cm. The results showed that increasing the plowing speed significantly (p<0.05) increased tractor wheel slip and plowing depth. Increasing disk angle of the plow significantly increased tractor wheel slip, while the effect of disk angle on plowing depth was not significant. Increasing tilt angle of the plow significantly increased the tractor wheel slip and significantly decreased the plowing depth. Results showed that 3.9% was the optimal wheel slippage, which was obtained from the combined effect of 4 km/h plowing speed, 35° disk angle and 15° tilt angle. Moreover, results showed that 23.6 cm was the optimal plowing depth, which was obtained from the combined effect of 55° disk angle and 15° tilt angle.
A solar desalination unit consisting of a set of conventional basin-type solar stills, and a set ... more A solar desalination unit consisting of a set of conventional basin-type solar stills, and a set of condensation pipes buried in the soil was investigated in this study. The effects of soil moisture and condensation pipes length, depth, diameter and material of the pipes in improving the efficiency of the solar still was studied. Compared to the traditional condensers used in conventional basin type solar stills, it was found that using buried metallic pipes as condensers led to an increase in the freshwater production rate by up to 136%. Additionally, increasing the soil moisture led to improvements in the effectiveness of the buried condensation pipes in condensing more freshwater. Compared to conventional solar stills the freshwater production rate in this study increased by about 54% for a soil moisture level of 30%. Furthermore, metallic pipes produced more freshwater compared to plastic pipes of the same heat transfer surface area. Compared to the plastic pipes, fresh water production rate increased by 98% when metallic pipes were used.
Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 2019
Estimating the amount of fuel consumption of an agricultural tractor during various tillage opera... more Estimating the amount of fuel consumption of an agricultural tractor during various tillage operations will help the selection of the best conservation practices for farm equipment. Draft requirements often dictate the size of the power unit required on a particular farm and, therefore, will also be required for energy management decisions. They will also be considered a prominent factor during the selection of a tractor's machinery and power source. In addition, ground speed measurement is not only necessary for many agricultural machinery applications but also to monitor and map crop yield and properly change the application rate of agricultural inputs. There are several methods and techniques to measure a tractor's fuel consumption, draft force, and ground speed. All these methods have many advantages and disadvantages depending on the tractor, the implement used, and the operating conditions. This article reviews some of these methods, providing scope for further research to focus on the potential development and improvement of the measurement methods, and this could positively affect the accuracy of the data and final results of the research.
Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 2019
Tractor wheel slippage is a critical parameter for fuel consumption and field performance and
sho... more Tractor wheel slippage is a critical parameter for fuel consumption and field performance and should not exceed 15%. Several attempts have been made to study the wheel slippage of the agricultural tractor in order to minimize it to acceptable levels during the tillage operations. There are many different types of implements for soil tillage, each one of them affects the wheel slippage in a different way. Moreover, several studies have found many operating conditions that can affect the wheel slippage significantly such as: soil moisture content, tillage speed, ballast weights and the type of implement used for tillage. This article reviews the relationship between them which gives possibility for further research to focus on the potential solutions to decrease the tractor driving wheel slippage which can positively affect the fuel consumption. Increase the additional mass of the tractor, decrease the air pressure in the tires, avoid tilling the soil that is too wet or too dry and, choose the right implement, speed and depth can decrease the tractor driving wheel slippage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE and BIOLOGY, 2009
To cite this paper: Mamkagh, A.M.A., 2009. Effect of tillage time and plastic mulch on growth and... more To cite this paper: Mamkagh, A.M.A., 2009. Effect of tillage time and plastic mulch on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) grown under rain-fed conditions. ABSTRACT Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of tillage time and plastic mulch on growth, yield and quality of okra under rain-fed conditions. The field was divided into three blocks, in which each block was assigned to three tillage times (tillage was done three times, two times & only one time during early spring). Soil cover treatments (black plastic mulch or no mulch) were randomly distributed according to split plot arrangement with randomized complete block design. Soil tilled three times produced significantly higher yield than other tillage treatments. Average fruit weight of okra was not affected by different tillage treatments. Generally, fresh and dry weights of okra were not significantly affected by different treatment combinations. In general, soil moisture content was higher in soil ploughed three times compared with other tillage times. Using plastic mulch as soil covering was significantly increased yield of okra and their components compared with bare soil. Total yield of okra and fruit number by using plastic mulch was about two times more than without mulching. It is concluded that using black plastic mulch as soil covering enhanced okra vegetative growth and yield. Consequently farmers of the high land are recommended to till the soil three times and using black plastic mulch to produce higher yield.
The fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] is nowadays consi... more The fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] is nowadays considered a major threat to crop production and food security nationwide. S. frugiperda, native to the America, has recently been distributed into Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania within the last 6 years. Feeding was on 353 host plant species with a high preference for maize crops. Due to the fast spread of S. frugiperda worldwide, there is an urgent need to further analyze the control methods of this destructive pest. Therefore, a systematic literature search is conducted for relevant works on this pest. In this review article, the global distribution, host plants, morphology, biology, behavior patterns, strains, economic impact and damage symptoms of S. frugiperda are covered. Furthermore, the review focused on S. frugiperda management, which includes monitoring, trapping, cultural and chemical controls, biological control (parasitoids, predators, viruses, nematodes, fungi, and bacteria), botanical control (plant extracts), genetically modified crops and host plant resistance. Despite the huge efforts made in the last years to establish IPM strategies, it still so far from controlling the pest in a successful manner. Thus, addressing S. frugiperda problem in a coherent manner at a global level is needed to effectively suppress the insect on an eco-friendly sound approach. The most important outcome of this review article is to contribute to the global pool of knowledge regarding S. frugiperda.
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should not exceed 15%. Several attempts have been made to study the wheel slippage of the
agricultural tractor in order to minimize it to acceptable levels during the tillage operations. There
are many different types of implements for soil tillage, each one of them affects the wheel slippage
in a different way. Moreover, several studies have found many operating conditions that can affect
the wheel slippage significantly such as: soil moisture content, tillage speed, ballast weights and
the type of implement used for tillage. This article reviews the relationship between them which
gives possibility for further research to focus on the potential solutions to decrease the tractor
driving wheel slippage which can positively affect the fuel consumption. Increase the additional
mass of the tractor, decrease the air pressure in the tires, avoid tilling the soil that is too wet or too
dry and, choose the right implement, speed and depth can decrease the tractor driving wheel
slippage.
should not exceed 15%. Several attempts have been made to study the wheel slippage of the
agricultural tractor in order to minimize it to acceptable levels during the tillage operations. There
are many different types of implements for soil tillage, each one of them affects the wheel slippage
in a different way. Moreover, several studies have found many operating conditions that can affect
the wheel slippage significantly such as: soil moisture content, tillage speed, ballast weights and
the type of implement used for tillage. This article reviews the relationship between them which
gives possibility for further research to focus on the potential solutions to decrease the tractor
driving wheel slippage which can positively affect the fuel consumption. Increase the additional
mass of the tractor, decrease the air pressure in the tires, avoid tilling the soil that is too wet or too
dry and, choose the right implement, speed and depth can decrease the tractor driving wheel
slippage.