"With the introduction of the integrated pollution and waste management policy South African gove... more "With the introduction of the integrated pollution and waste management policy South African government is combatting the lack of management and implementation in global environmental issues. The textile industry has increased imports to 300% over the last 5 years, these imports contain Nonylphenol (NP) and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates (NPEs) which enter and contaminate surface and ground water as well as soils.
These chemicals are manmade chemicals and do not occur naturally, NPs are bioaccumulated, persistent and toxic to aquatic organisms as well as being used in the manufacture of NPEs. Paper, pulp, textile and chemical industries discharge NPEs into the rivers, where 78 products were tested and 71 contained NPEs in concentrations above the limit of 1mg/kg of which the toxic imported textiles are washed in local waters releasing hormones.
Nonlyphenol (NP) and NPEs are released in waters releasing hormones and affecting apoptotic cells, kidneys and liver weights of fish and rats. These hormones decreased the sperm density and testosterone levels while Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) triggering ovulation and stimulating testosterone production. In insects, bees specifically, NPs affect the behaviour, navigation and temperature, genetics, growth and cause mortality as the chemicals are highly toxic. In toxic records, the affects on humans include burning with coughing, laboured breathing and sore throat in inhalation, with ingestion pain, nausea, diarrhoea, shock and collapse.
Various methods were used to establish toxicity such as risk assessment on the exposure and ecotoxicity data, the measurements of raw sewerage and final effluents in rivers as biproducts of textile manufacture and the treatment of paper and pulp sludge in soils. Chronic values for survival, growth and reproduction in fish, aquatic vertebrae and algae were plotted for support data in analysis. Field tests in vivo comparative bioassays were used representing the effects of EDCs and biodegradation metabolites in terms of end points such as sex ratio, secondary sex characteristics, liver vitellogenin (VTG) and testis-ova changes. Laboratory analysis done on clothing material via acetonitrite-water mixtures and analysed with reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry.
Remediation and clean up methods were discussed and proposed with the ultimate process of the removal of NPs and NPEs from the supply chain of all practices as there is a need to protect the food and water resources by reversing accumulated damage or taking steps towards stopping the damage, by building and maintaining policy as well as creating a paradigm shift in human kind. South African government has called for pollution prevention, minimisation at the source and impact management of pollution, the discharge of NPEs, NPs and EDCs into South African water as well as soils must be addressed and supported by all sectors of the country"
Mercury, Lead, Cadmium and Nickel are known as non-essential metals, the source, toxicity and imp... more Mercury, Lead, Cadmium and Nickel are known as non-essential metals, the source, toxicity and impacts on the environment affect humans. Humans produce xenobiotic compounds which are not natural to the environment however these metals are not distinguished this way in an ecosystem. The organic matter and dissolved organic carbon affects the nature of metals as well as abiotic factors such as bioaccumulation, bioavailability and biomagnification which alter the way these chemicals interact with the environment, organisms and humans as well as altering their toxicity. The cause of deploy of these metals are via human activities, there is a need to increase the technical methods of risk management in order to combat the release of these metals.
Biotic and Abiotic factors affecting ecotoxicity include particulate matter and affect the bioava... more Biotic and Abiotic factors affecting ecotoxicity include particulate matter and affect the bioavailability and metabolism of organisms, the bioaccumulation of chemicals play a large part in environmental persistence in the environment as well as the recovery of toxic environments as they are influential in the food web.
The pressures and impacts on the environment which constitute environmental change highlights the... more The pressures and impacts on the environment which constitute environmental change highlights the increased generation of human pollution and waste. Environmental change, soil erosion and land degradation are key factors in reduced productivity, natural communities, loss of habitats, increased sea levels and increased health risks.
“As people accept that climate change is real and here to stay, they are likely to realize
that w... more “As people accept that climate change is real and here to stay, they are likely to realize that while reducing greenhouse gas emissions is all about energy, adapting to climate change will be all about water.” Frank Rijsberman, former Director General, International Water Management Institute.
The various standards and guidelines are discussed as they are required to control and regulate the factors of water quality. International Best Practice is key however it does need to take into account the relevancy of the landscape.
With the increase of global carbon dioxide the tree cover expansion into the savanna and grasslan... more With the increase of global carbon dioxide the tree cover expansion into the savanna and grassland biomes of Southern Africa has stopped, the loss of South African Succulent Karoo biomes and the migration of all biomes east is due to this climate change, as well as the movement of habitats causing extinction of plants and animals. The marine biome offers a new world biodiversity however the bioindicators are being reduced due to human activites and the impacts are only seen along the beaches, shorelines and upper levels of the marine biome.
"With the introduction of the integrated pollution and waste management policy South African gove... more "With the introduction of the integrated pollution and waste management policy South African government is combatting the lack of management and implementation in global environmental issues. The textile industry has increased imports to 300% over the last 5 years, these imports contain Nonylphenol (NP) and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates (NPEs) which enter and contaminate surface and ground water as well as soils.
These chemicals are manmade chemicals and do not occur naturally, NPs are bioaccumulated, persistent and toxic to aquatic organisms as well as being used in the manufacture of NPEs. Paper, pulp, textile and chemical industries discharge NPEs into the rivers, where 78 products were tested and 71 contained NPEs in concentrations above the limit of 1mg/kg of which the toxic imported textiles are washed in local waters releasing hormones.
Nonlyphenol (NP) and NPEs are released in waters releasing hormones and affecting apoptotic cells, kidneys and liver weights of fish and rats. These hormones decreased the sperm density and testosterone levels while Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) triggering ovulation and stimulating testosterone production. In insects, bees specifically, NPs affect the behaviour, navigation and temperature, genetics, growth and cause mortality as the chemicals are highly toxic. In toxic records, the affects on humans include burning with coughing, laboured breathing and sore throat in inhalation, with ingestion pain, nausea, diarrhoea, shock and collapse.
Various methods were used to establish toxicity such as risk assessment on the exposure and ecotoxicity data, the measurements of raw sewerage and final effluents in rivers as biproducts of textile manufacture and the treatment of paper and pulp sludge in soils. Chronic values for survival, growth and reproduction in fish, aquatic vertebrae and algae were plotted for support data in analysis. Field tests in vivo comparative bioassays were used representing the effects of EDCs and biodegradation metabolites in terms of end points such as sex ratio, secondary sex characteristics, liver vitellogenin (VTG) and testis-ova changes. Laboratory analysis done on clothing material via acetonitrite-water mixtures and analysed with reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry.
Remediation and clean up methods were discussed and proposed with the ultimate process of the removal of NPs and NPEs from the supply chain of all practices as there is a need to protect the food and water resources by reversing accumulated damage or taking steps towards stopping the damage, by building and maintaining policy as well as creating a paradigm shift in human kind. South African government has called for pollution prevention, minimisation at the source and impact management of pollution, the discharge of NPEs, NPs and EDCs into South African water as well as soils must be addressed and supported by all sectors of the country"
Mercury, Lead, Cadmium and Nickel are known as non-essential metals, the source, toxicity and imp... more Mercury, Lead, Cadmium and Nickel are known as non-essential metals, the source, toxicity and impacts on the environment affect humans. Humans produce xenobiotic compounds which are not natural to the environment however these metals are not distinguished this way in an ecosystem. The organic matter and dissolved organic carbon affects the nature of metals as well as abiotic factors such as bioaccumulation, bioavailability and biomagnification which alter the way these chemicals interact with the environment, organisms and humans as well as altering their toxicity. The cause of deploy of these metals are via human activities, there is a need to increase the technical methods of risk management in order to combat the release of these metals.
Biotic and Abiotic factors affecting ecotoxicity include particulate matter and affect the bioava... more Biotic and Abiotic factors affecting ecotoxicity include particulate matter and affect the bioavailability and metabolism of organisms, the bioaccumulation of chemicals play a large part in environmental persistence in the environment as well as the recovery of toxic environments as they are influential in the food web.
The pressures and impacts on the environment which constitute environmental change highlights the... more The pressures and impacts on the environment which constitute environmental change highlights the increased generation of human pollution and waste. Environmental change, soil erosion and land degradation are key factors in reduced productivity, natural communities, loss of habitats, increased sea levels and increased health risks.
“As people accept that climate change is real and here to stay, they are likely to realize
that w... more “As people accept that climate change is real and here to stay, they are likely to realize that while reducing greenhouse gas emissions is all about energy, adapting to climate change will be all about water.” Frank Rijsberman, former Director General, International Water Management Institute.
The various standards and guidelines are discussed as they are required to control and regulate the factors of water quality. International Best Practice is key however it does need to take into account the relevancy of the landscape.
With the increase of global carbon dioxide the tree cover expansion into the savanna and grasslan... more With the increase of global carbon dioxide the tree cover expansion into the savanna and grassland biomes of Southern Africa has stopped, the loss of South African Succulent Karoo biomes and the migration of all biomes east is due to this climate change, as well as the movement of habitats causing extinction of plants and animals. The marine biome offers a new world biodiversity however the bioindicators are being reduced due to human activites and the impacts are only seen along the beaches, shorelines and upper levels of the marine biome.
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Papers by Shoana Leigh Hutton
These chemicals are manmade chemicals and do not occur naturally, NPs are bioaccumulated, persistent and toxic to aquatic organisms as well as being used in the manufacture of NPEs. Paper, pulp, textile and chemical industries discharge NPEs into the rivers, where 78 products were tested and 71 contained NPEs in concentrations above the limit of 1mg/kg of which the toxic imported textiles are washed in local waters releasing hormones.
Nonlyphenol (NP) and NPEs are released in waters releasing hormones and affecting apoptotic cells, kidneys and liver weights of fish and rats. These hormones decreased the sperm density and testosterone levels while Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) triggering ovulation and stimulating testosterone production. In insects, bees specifically, NPs affect the behaviour, navigation and temperature, genetics, growth and cause mortality as the chemicals are highly toxic. In toxic records, the affects on humans include burning with coughing, laboured breathing and sore throat in inhalation, with ingestion pain, nausea, diarrhoea, shock and collapse.
Various methods were used to establish toxicity such as risk assessment on the exposure and ecotoxicity data, the measurements of raw sewerage and final effluents in rivers as biproducts of textile manufacture and the treatment of paper and pulp sludge in soils. Chronic values for survival, growth and reproduction in fish, aquatic vertebrae and algae were plotted for support data in analysis. Field tests in vivo comparative bioassays were used representing the effects of EDCs and biodegradation metabolites in terms of end points such as sex ratio, secondary sex characteristics, liver vitellogenin (VTG) and testis-ova changes. Laboratory analysis done on clothing material via acetonitrite-water mixtures and analysed with reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry.
Remediation and clean up methods were discussed and proposed with the ultimate process of the removal of NPs and NPEs from the supply chain of all practices as there is a need to protect the food and water resources by reversing accumulated damage or taking steps towards stopping the damage, by building and maintaining policy as well as creating a paradigm shift in human kind. South African government has called for pollution prevention, minimisation at the source and impact management of pollution, the discharge of NPEs, NPs and EDCs into South African water as well as soils must be addressed and supported by all sectors of the country"
that while reducing greenhouse gas emissions is all about energy, adapting to climate
change will be all about water.”
Frank Rijsberman, former Director General, International Water Management Institute.
The various standards and guidelines are discussed as they are required to control and regulate the factors of water quality. International Best Practice is key however it does need to take into account the relevancy of the landscape.
These chemicals are manmade chemicals and do not occur naturally, NPs are bioaccumulated, persistent and toxic to aquatic organisms as well as being used in the manufacture of NPEs. Paper, pulp, textile and chemical industries discharge NPEs into the rivers, where 78 products were tested and 71 contained NPEs in concentrations above the limit of 1mg/kg of which the toxic imported textiles are washed in local waters releasing hormones.
Nonlyphenol (NP) and NPEs are released in waters releasing hormones and affecting apoptotic cells, kidneys and liver weights of fish and rats. These hormones decreased the sperm density and testosterone levels while Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) triggering ovulation and stimulating testosterone production. In insects, bees specifically, NPs affect the behaviour, navigation and temperature, genetics, growth and cause mortality as the chemicals are highly toxic. In toxic records, the affects on humans include burning with coughing, laboured breathing and sore throat in inhalation, with ingestion pain, nausea, diarrhoea, shock and collapse.
Various methods were used to establish toxicity such as risk assessment on the exposure and ecotoxicity data, the measurements of raw sewerage and final effluents in rivers as biproducts of textile manufacture and the treatment of paper and pulp sludge in soils. Chronic values for survival, growth and reproduction in fish, aquatic vertebrae and algae were plotted for support data in analysis. Field tests in vivo comparative bioassays were used representing the effects of EDCs and biodegradation metabolites in terms of end points such as sex ratio, secondary sex characteristics, liver vitellogenin (VTG) and testis-ova changes. Laboratory analysis done on clothing material via acetonitrite-water mixtures and analysed with reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry.
Remediation and clean up methods were discussed and proposed with the ultimate process of the removal of NPs and NPEs from the supply chain of all practices as there is a need to protect the food and water resources by reversing accumulated damage or taking steps towards stopping the damage, by building and maintaining policy as well as creating a paradigm shift in human kind. South African government has called for pollution prevention, minimisation at the source and impact management of pollution, the discharge of NPEs, NPs and EDCs into South African water as well as soils must be addressed and supported by all sectors of the country"
that while reducing greenhouse gas emissions is all about energy, adapting to climate
change will be all about water.”
Frank Rijsberman, former Director General, International Water Management Institute.
The various standards and guidelines are discussed as they are required to control and regulate the factors of water quality. International Best Practice is key however it does need to take into account the relevancy of the landscape.