The organophosphorus pesticide Phenthoate is one of the most widely used insecticide in agricultu... more The organophosphorus pesticide Phenthoate is one of the most widely used insecticide in agriculture sector to control the varieties of pests and ectoparasites. The acute toxicity bioassay tests were conducted at various concentrations ranging from 0.4 and 4.0 mg/l with an interval of 0.4 mg/l on Indian major carp Labeo rohita for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The acute toxicity values were determined as 3.0, 2.6, 2.3 and 2.1 mg/l under laboratory conditions respectively. These LC50 values showed that the chemical is highly toxic to the fish. Then the fish were exposed to sub lethal concentrations (1/10th of 96 h LC50) for 1, 4 and 8 days and studied the significant changes in total proteins and glycogen levels of the fresh wet tissues. The total protein content reduced in various tissues like Liver, muscle, kidney, brain, gill and gut by the percentage of 22.46%,17.91%,12.39%, 8.66%, 8.36% and 8.16 % and glycogen content depletion in the order of kidney, liver, muscle, gill, gut and brain tissues by 57.92%, 49.11%, 48.75%, 34.88%, 32.00% and 28.81% respectively when compared to control group. It was noticed that Phenthoate resulted in the gradual decrease of glycogen and protein levels in the vital organs of fish L. rohita, which led increase in the mortality rate.
Abstract- The present study reveals the prevalence of malaria in different agency villages of fiv... more Abstract- The present study reveals the prevalence of malaria in different agency villages of five mandals of East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh from 2009 to 2011. These mandals are Rampachodavaram, Maredumilli, Gangavaram,Devipatnam and Y. Ramavaram. The results were obtained through cross-sectional record based study. The Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infection was identified individually by ONE STEP Malaria Anti - P. f. / P. v. Test and infection was confirmed by examining blood smear microscopically. Amongst the five mandals Rampachodavaram is highly populated consisting of about 150 small villages. The malaria cases were recorded for all the five mandals. In the year 2009, out of total 3363 cases, 2560 were P. f. and 803 were P. v. cases; in the year 2010, out of total 1623 cases, 1496 were P. f. and 127 were P. v. cases and in the year 2011, out of total 2741 cases, 2477 were P. f. and 264 were P. v. cases. Some epidemiological parameters were also calculated to support the data. The Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER) was observed to be high in Rampachodavaram followed by Maredumilli, Devipatnam, Y. Ramavaram and Ganagvaram mandal. Other parameters like Annual Parasite Incidence (API), Slide Falciparum Rate (SFR) and Slide Positive Rate (SPR) were calculated for the five mandals and found that Y. Ramavaram has shown highest values compared to the rest of the villages. It was observed that incidence of malaria was high during the year 2009, but decreased in 2010 and again increased in 2011. Finally, it is concluded that falciparum cases recorded were four times more than the vivax cases. Thus according to our study, P. falciparum malaria was more prevalent than P. vivax malaria in agency villages of East Godavari district
The organophosphorus pesticide Phenthoate is one of the most widely used insecticide in agricultu... more The organophosphorus pesticide Phenthoate is one of the most widely used insecticide in agriculture sector to control the varieties of pests and ectoparasites. The acute toxicity bioassay tests were conducted at various concentrations ranging from 0.4 and 4.0 mg/l with an interval of 0.4 mg/l on Indian major carp Labeo rohita for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The acute toxicity values were determined as 3.0, 2.6, 2.3 and 2.1 mg/l under laboratory conditions respectively. These LC50 values showed that the chemical is highly toxic to the fish. Then the fish were exposed to sub lethal concentrations (1/10th of 96 h LC50) for 1, 4 and 8 days and studied the significant changes in total proteins and glycogen levels of the fresh wet tissues. The total protein content reduced in various tissues like Liver, muscle, kidney, brain, gill and gut by the percentage of 22.46%,17.91%,12.39%, 8.66%, 8.36% and 8.16 % and glycogen content depletion in the order of kidney, liver, muscle, gill, gut and brain tissues by 57.92%, 49.11%, 48.75%, 34.88%, 32.00% and 28.81% respectively when compared to control group. It was noticed that Phenthoate resulted in the gradual decrease of glycogen and protein levels in the vital organs of fish L. rohita, which led increase in the mortality rate.
Abstract- The present study reveals the prevalence of malaria in different agency villages of fiv... more Abstract- The present study reveals the prevalence of malaria in different agency villages of five mandals of East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh from 2009 to 2011. These mandals are Rampachodavaram, Maredumilli, Gangavaram,Devipatnam and Y. Ramavaram. The results were obtained through cross-sectional record based study. The Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infection was identified individually by ONE STEP Malaria Anti - P. f. / P. v. Test and infection was confirmed by examining blood smear microscopically. Amongst the five mandals Rampachodavaram is highly populated consisting of about 150 small villages. The malaria cases were recorded for all the five mandals. In the year 2009, out of total 3363 cases, 2560 were P. f. and 803 were P. v. cases; in the year 2010, out of total 1623 cases, 1496 were P. f. and 127 were P. v. cases and in the year 2011, out of total 2741 cases, 2477 were P. f. and 264 were P. v. cases. Some epidemiological parameters were also calculated to support the data. The Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER) was observed to be high in Rampachodavaram followed by Maredumilli, Devipatnam, Y. Ramavaram and Ganagvaram mandal. Other parameters like Annual Parasite Incidence (API), Slide Falciparum Rate (SFR) and Slide Positive Rate (SPR) were calculated for the five mandals and found that Y. Ramavaram has shown highest values compared to the rest of the villages. It was observed that incidence of malaria was high during the year 2009, but decreased in 2010 and again increased in 2011. Finally, it is concluded that falciparum cases recorded were four times more than the vivax cases. Thus according to our study, P. falciparum malaria was more prevalent than P. vivax malaria in agency villages of East Godavari district
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The results were obtained through cross-sectional record based study. The Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infection was identified individually by ONE STEP Malaria Anti - P. f. / P. v. Test and infection was confirmed by examining blood smear
microscopically. Amongst the five mandals Rampachodavaram is highly populated consisting of about 150 small villages. The malaria cases were recorded for all the five mandals. In the year 2009, out of total 3363 cases, 2560 were P. f. and 803 were P. v. cases; in the year 2010, out of total 1623 cases, 1496 were P. f. and 127 were P. v. cases and in the year 2011, out of total 2741 cases, 2477 were P. f. and 264 were P. v. cases. Some epidemiological parameters were also calculated to support the data. The Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER)
was observed to be high in Rampachodavaram followed by Maredumilli, Devipatnam, Y. Ramavaram and Ganagvaram mandal. Other parameters like Annual Parasite Incidence (API), Slide Falciparum Rate (SFR) and Slide Positive Rate (SPR) were calculated for the five
mandals and found that Y. Ramavaram has shown highest values compared to the rest of the villages. It was observed that incidence of malaria was high during the year 2009, but decreased in 2010 and again increased in 2011. Finally, it is concluded that falciparum cases
recorded were four times more than the vivax cases. Thus according to our study, P. falciparum malaria was more prevalent than P. vivax malaria in agency villages of East Godavari district
The results were obtained through cross-sectional record based study. The Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infection was identified individually by ONE STEP Malaria Anti - P. f. / P. v. Test and infection was confirmed by examining blood smear
microscopically. Amongst the five mandals Rampachodavaram is highly populated consisting of about 150 small villages. The malaria cases were recorded for all the five mandals. In the year 2009, out of total 3363 cases, 2560 were P. f. and 803 were P. v. cases; in the year 2010, out of total 1623 cases, 1496 were P. f. and 127 were P. v. cases and in the year 2011, out of total 2741 cases, 2477 were P. f. and 264 were P. v. cases. Some epidemiological parameters were also calculated to support the data. The Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER)
was observed to be high in Rampachodavaram followed by Maredumilli, Devipatnam, Y. Ramavaram and Ganagvaram mandal. Other parameters like Annual Parasite Incidence (API), Slide Falciparum Rate (SFR) and Slide Positive Rate (SPR) were calculated for the five
mandals and found that Y. Ramavaram has shown highest values compared to the rest of the villages. It was observed that incidence of malaria was high during the year 2009, but decreased in 2010 and again increased in 2011. Finally, it is concluded that falciparum cases
recorded were four times more than the vivax cases. Thus according to our study, P. falciparum malaria was more prevalent than P. vivax malaria in agency villages of East Godavari district