One of the largest isotopic datasets of the ancient Eastern Mediterranean region is evaluated, ba... more One of the largest isotopic datasets of the ancient Eastern Mediterranean region is evaluated, based on plants (n = 410), animals (n = 210) and humans (n = 16) from Tell Tweini (Syria). Diachronic analysis of plant and faunal specimens from four main periods of occupation: Early Bronze Age (2600-2000 BC), Middle Bronze Age (2000-1600 BC), Late Bronze Age (1600-1200 BC) and Iron Age (1200-333 BC) were investigated. Mean Δ 13 C results from seven plant species reveal emmer and free threshing wheat, olives, bitter vetch, rye grass and barley were adequately or well-watered during all periods of occupation. The grape Δ 13 C results suggest excellent growing conditions and particular care for its cultivation. The δ 15 N results indicate that especially the emmer and free threshing wheats received some manure inputs throughout the occupation sequence, while these were likely further increased during the Iron Age, encompassing also the olive groves and grape vineyards. Generally, domestic animals (cattle, sheep, goats) had C 3 terrestrial diets and were kept together in similar environments. However, some animals consumed significant amounts of marine or C 4 plants, possibly from disturbed habitats due to land use pressure or salt tolerant grasses and shrubs from wetland environments, which were recorded in the direct vicinity of the site. Middle Bronze Age humans consumed a C 3 terrestrial diet with no measurable input from C 4 , freshwater or marine protein sources. Interestingly, the human diet was relatively low in animal protein and appears comparable to what is considered today a typical Mediterranean diet consisting of bread (wheat/barley), olives, grapes, pulses, dairy products and small amounts of meat. The combined isotopic analysis of plants, animals and humans from Tell Tweini represents unbroken links in the food chain which create
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Esser E., Van Neer W., Wouters W., Zeiler J.T., Kootker L.M. 2023. Dierlijke resten uit het laat-... more Esser E., Van Neer W., Wouters W., Zeiler J.T., Kootker L.M. 2023. Dierlijke resten uit het laat-neolithicum en de bronstijd. In: T.J. ten Anscher, S. Knippenberg, C.M. van der Linde, W. Roessingh & N.W. Willemse (red.), Doorbraken aan de Rijn. Een Swifterbant-gehucht, een Hazendonk-nederzetting en erven en graven uit de bronstijd in Medel-De Roeskamp, pp. 2017-2070. RAAP-rapport 6519, Weesp.
Esser E., Kuijper W.J., Zeiler J.T., Van Neer W. 2023. Het landschap uit het laat-neolithicum en ... more Esser E., Kuijper W.J., Zeiler J.T., Van Neer W. 2023. Het landschap uit het laat-neolithicum en de bronstijd op basis van de fauna. In: T.J. ten Anscher, S. Knippenberg, C.M. van der Linde, W. Roessingh & N.W. Willemse (red.), Doorbraken aan de Rijn. Een Swifterbant-gehucht, een Hazendonk-nederzetting en erven en graven uit de bronstijd in Medel-De Roeskamp, pp. 1209-1210. RAAP-rapport 6519, Weesp.
Esser E., Van Neer W., Wouters W., ten Anscher T.J., Zeiler J.T., Kootker L.M., van Hees L. 2023.... more Esser E., Van Neer W., Wouters W., ten Anscher T.J., Zeiler J.T., Kootker L.M., van Hees L. 2023. Dierlijke resten uit de Hazendonkperiode. In: T.J. ten Anscher, S. Knippenberg, C.M. van der Linde, W. Roessingh & N.W. Willemse (red.), Doorbraken aan de Rijn. Een Swifterbant-gehucht, een Hazendonk-nederzetting en erven en graven uit de bronstijd in Medel-De Roeskamp, pp. 1087-1164. RAAP-rapport 6519, Weesp.
Esser E., Kuijper W.J., Van Neer W., Zeiler J.T. 2023. Het landschap in de Hazendonk-periode op ... more Esser E., Kuijper W.J., Van Neer W., Zeiler J.T. 2023. Het landschap in de Hazendonk-periode op basis van de fauna. In: T.J. ten Anscher, S. Knippenberg, C.M. van der Linde, W. Roessingh & N.W. Willemse (red.), Doorbraken aan de Rijn. Een Swifterbant-gehucht, een Hazendonk-nederzetting en erven en graven uit de bronstijd in Medel-De Roeskamp, pp. 907-909. RAAP-rapport 6519, Weesp.
Esser E., Van Neer W., Wouters W., ten Anscher T.J., Kootker L.M., Zeiler J.T., van Hees L. 2023... more Esser E., Van Neer W., Wouters W., ten Anscher T.J., Kootker L.M., Zeiler J.T., van Hees L. 2023. Dierlijke resten uit de Swifterbantperiode. In: T.J. ten Anscher, S. Knippenberg, C.M. van der Linde, W. Roessingh & N.W. Willemse (red.), Doorbraken aan de Rijn. Een Swifterbant-gehucht, een Hazendonk-nederzetting en erven en graven uit de bronstijd in Medel-De Roeskamp, pp. 639-736. RAAP-rapport 6519, Weesp.
Gron K.J., Gröcke D.R., Rowley-Conwy P., Patterson W.P., Van Neer W., Robson H.K., Church M.J. 20... more Gron K.J., Gröcke D.R., Rowley-Conwy P., Patterson W.P., Van Neer W., Robson H.K., Church M.J. 2023. Stable isotopes reveal agricultural practices in the Swifterbant period. In: T.J. ten Anscher, S. Knippenberg, C.M. van der Linde, W. Roessingh & N.W. Willemse (red.), Doorbraken aan de Rijn. Een Swifterbant-gehucht, een Hazendonk-nederzetting en erven en graven uit de bronstijd in Medel-De Roeskamp, pp. 737-750. RAAP-rapport 6519, Weesp.
An unusual concentration of tens of thousands small fish remains discovered during rescue excavat... more An unusual concentration of tens of thousands small fish remains discovered during rescue excavations in the town of Antwerp, Belgium, is described. The material was found in a small depression with no associated archeological material but could be dated to the first half of the 16th century based on its stratigraphic position. About 3500 freshwater fish were found in articulating position and it is shown that they
Cats are hypercarnivorous, opportunistic animals that have adjusted to anthropogenic environments... more Cats are hypercarnivorous, opportunistic animals that have adjusted to anthropogenic environments since the Neolithic period. Through humans, either by direct feeding and/or scavenging on food scraps, the diet of cats has been enriched with animals that they cannot kill themselves (e.g., large mammals, fish). Here, we conducted carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratio analysis to reconstruct the diet of medieval cats and investigate cat-human interactions in two medieval harbor sites (Qalhât, Oman and Siraf, Iran). The analysis included 28 cat individuals and 100 associated marine and terrestrial faunal samples pertaining to > 30 taxa. The isotopic results indicate a high marine proteinbased diet for the cats from Qalhât and a mixed marine-terrestrial (C 4) diet for the cats from Siraf. Cats at these sites most likely scavenged on both human food scraps and refuse related to fishing activities, with differences in the two sites most likely associated with the availability of marine resources and/ or the living conditions of the cats. By shedding light on the dietary habits of cats from two medieval harbors in the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, this study illustrates the potential of stable isotope analysis in reconstructing human-cat interactions in the past. Cats are hypercarnivorous animals, requiring a threefold consumption of protein compared to omnivorous species 1. Their high protein requirements stem from their metabolic adaptation to use protein and fat as energy sources 2,3 , as well as from their increased need for certain amino acids, such as taurine and arginine, which they cannot synthesize themselves 4-6. With a preference for consuming multiple, small meals throughout the day 7 , cats prey on small mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates 8-10 , with prey size decreasing with increasing hunger 11. Predation occurs also as part of teaching or playing and, thus, not always results in the consumption of the prey 12. However, both the predation rate and the prey diversity seem to be higher in rural areas, where anthropogenic food is scarcer 13. Being opportunistic hunters with an ability to adjust rapidly to changing environments 14 , wild cats seem to have exploited the new hunting grounds that emerged from the development of permanent settlements, following the onset of agricultural activities 15,16. This resulted in their adaptation to human presence, and later on to the consumption of foods facilitated by humans 17. Either from direct feeding and/or from scavenging on human food scraps, cats have acquired access to animal taxa that they are not able to kill themselves, such as large mammals and fish 18,19. Today, the pet food industry incorporates a wide range of ingredients, including even foods of plant origin, such as grains and vegetables 18,19. Unlike dogs 20 , a cat's digestive system is not adapted to starch-rich foods; however, milled and cooked plant material can be metabolized 7 , and constitute part of a healthy diet, provided that
The aim of this article is to demonstrate how animal remains from archaeological sites can contri... more The aim of this article is to demonstrate how animal remains from archaeological sites can contribute to a better understanding of human impact on the terrestrial and aquatic environment over time. A number of case studies, mainly from Belgium, illustrate the possible effects of deforestation, overhunting, overfishing and water pollution on wildlife. Species extinctions and introductions from the last millennium are also discussed. It is shown how relevant these results are and how they can be communicated to the general public, the wider scientific community and stakeholders.
A description is provided of the crocodile remains that were found during an excavation carried o... more A description is provided of the crocodile remains that were found during an excavation carried out in 2019 at Qubbat al-Hawā (Aswan, Egypt). The material consists of five more or less complete bodies and five heads that were in varying states of preservation and completeness. The absence of resin, which was apparently not used during the preparation of the mummies, and the almost complete loss of linen bandages, due to insect damage, allowed a detailed morphological and osteometric description of the remains. Attention was focused on the general state of preservation of the crocodiles, the completeness of their skeletons and skulls, the presence of cut or other marks that could indicate the cause of death, and the processing of the carcasses. Moreover, the possible provenance of the crocodiles, the methods of capture and killing of the animals and their possible chronological attribution are discussed. It is concluded that the manner in which these specimens were prepared, as well as the variation observed in the type of 'final product', are unlike any other crocodile material described so far. The preparation method suggests a pre-Ptolemaic date for the deposit. The morphological and metrical features indicate that both Crocodylus niloticus and the recently resurrected species Crocodylus suchus are present among these individuals that range from 1.8 to 3.5 m in length.
A recent study from Central Europe has changed our perception of the cat's domestication history.... more A recent study from Central Europe has changed our perception of the cat's domestication history. The authors discuss how this has led to the development of an interdisciplinary project combining palaeogenetics, zooarchaeology and radiocarbon dating, with the aim of providing insight into the domestic cat's expansion beyond the Mediterranean.
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were measured in 157 fish bone collagen samples from 15... more Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were measured in 157 fish bone collagen samples from 15 different archaeological sites in Belgium which ranged in ages from the 3rd to the 18th c. AD. Due to diagenetic contamination of the burial environment, only 63 specimens produced results with suitable C: N ratios (2.9–3.6). The selected bones encompass a wide spectrum of freshwater, brackish, and marine taxa (N ¼ 18), and this is reflected in the d13C results (À28. 2& to À12. 9%). The freshwater fish have d13C values ...
The domestic cat is the world's most popular pet and one of the most detrimental predators in... more The domestic cat is the world's most popular pet and one of the most detrimental predators in terrestrial ecosystems. Effective protection of wildlife biodiversity demands detailed tracking of cat trophic ecology, and stable isotopes serve as a powerful proxy in dietary studies. However, a variable diet can make an isotopic pattern unreadable in opportunistic predators. To evaluate the usefulness of the isotopic method in cat ecology, we measured C and N isotope ratios in hundreds of archaeological cat bones. We determined trends in cat trophic paleoecology in northern Europe by exploiting population-scale patterns in animals from diverse locations. Our dataset shows a high variability of isotopic signals related to the socio-economic and/or geomorphological context. This points toward regularities in isotopic patterns across past cat populations. We provide a generalized guide to interpret the isotopic ecology of cats, emphasizing that regional isotopic baselines have a major i...
One of the largest isotopic datasets of the ancient Eastern Mediterranean region is evaluated, ba... more One of the largest isotopic datasets of the ancient Eastern Mediterranean region is evaluated, based on plants (n = 410), animals (n = 210) and humans (n = 16) from Tell Tweini (Syria). Diachronic analysis of plant and faunal specimens from four main periods of occupation: Early Bronze Age (2600-2000 BC), Middle Bronze Age (2000-1600 BC), Late Bronze Age (1600-1200 BC) and Iron Age (1200-333 BC) were investigated. Mean Δ 13 C results from seven plant species reveal emmer and free threshing wheat, olives, bitter vetch, rye grass and barley were adequately or well-watered during all periods of occupation. The grape Δ 13 C results suggest excellent growing conditions and particular care for its cultivation. The δ 15 N results indicate that especially the emmer and free threshing wheats received some manure inputs throughout the occupation sequence, while these were likely further increased during the Iron Age, encompassing also the olive groves and grape vineyards. Generally, domestic animals (cattle, sheep, goats) had C 3 terrestrial diets and were kept together in similar environments. However, some animals consumed significant amounts of marine or C 4 plants, possibly from disturbed habitats due to land use pressure or salt tolerant grasses and shrubs from wetland environments, which were recorded in the direct vicinity of the site. Middle Bronze Age humans consumed a C 3 terrestrial diet with no measurable input from C 4 , freshwater or marine protein sources. Interestingly, the human diet was relatively low in animal protein and appears comparable to what is considered today a typical Mediterranean diet consisting of bread (wheat/barley), olives, grapes, pulses, dairy products and small amounts of meat. The combined isotopic analysis of plants, animals and humans from Tell Tweini represents unbroken links in the food chain which create
personalized URL providing 50 days' free access to the article.
https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1i... more personalized URL providing 50 days' free access to the article. https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1iBBU,rVDBfm0i
Esser E., Van Neer W., Wouters W., Zeiler J.T., Kootker L.M. 2023. Dierlijke resten uit het laat-... more Esser E., Van Neer W., Wouters W., Zeiler J.T., Kootker L.M. 2023. Dierlijke resten uit het laat-neolithicum en de bronstijd. In: T.J. ten Anscher, S. Knippenberg, C.M. van der Linde, W. Roessingh & N.W. Willemse (red.), Doorbraken aan de Rijn. Een Swifterbant-gehucht, een Hazendonk-nederzetting en erven en graven uit de bronstijd in Medel-De Roeskamp, pp. 2017-2070. RAAP-rapport 6519, Weesp.
Esser E., Kuijper W.J., Zeiler J.T., Van Neer W. 2023. Het landschap uit het laat-neolithicum en ... more Esser E., Kuijper W.J., Zeiler J.T., Van Neer W. 2023. Het landschap uit het laat-neolithicum en de bronstijd op basis van de fauna. In: T.J. ten Anscher, S. Knippenberg, C.M. van der Linde, W. Roessingh & N.W. Willemse (red.), Doorbraken aan de Rijn. Een Swifterbant-gehucht, een Hazendonk-nederzetting en erven en graven uit de bronstijd in Medel-De Roeskamp, pp. 1209-1210. RAAP-rapport 6519, Weesp.
Esser E., Van Neer W., Wouters W., ten Anscher T.J., Zeiler J.T., Kootker L.M., van Hees L. 2023.... more Esser E., Van Neer W., Wouters W., ten Anscher T.J., Zeiler J.T., Kootker L.M., van Hees L. 2023. Dierlijke resten uit de Hazendonkperiode. In: T.J. ten Anscher, S. Knippenberg, C.M. van der Linde, W. Roessingh & N.W. Willemse (red.), Doorbraken aan de Rijn. Een Swifterbant-gehucht, een Hazendonk-nederzetting en erven en graven uit de bronstijd in Medel-De Roeskamp, pp. 1087-1164. RAAP-rapport 6519, Weesp.
Esser E., Kuijper W.J., Van Neer W., Zeiler J.T. 2023. Het landschap in de Hazendonk-periode op ... more Esser E., Kuijper W.J., Van Neer W., Zeiler J.T. 2023. Het landschap in de Hazendonk-periode op basis van de fauna. In: T.J. ten Anscher, S. Knippenberg, C.M. van der Linde, W. Roessingh & N.W. Willemse (red.), Doorbraken aan de Rijn. Een Swifterbant-gehucht, een Hazendonk-nederzetting en erven en graven uit de bronstijd in Medel-De Roeskamp, pp. 907-909. RAAP-rapport 6519, Weesp.
Esser E., Van Neer W., Wouters W., ten Anscher T.J., Kootker L.M., Zeiler J.T., van Hees L. 2023... more Esser E., Van Neer W., Wouters W., ten Anscher T.J., Kootker L.M., Zeiler J.T., van Hees L. 2023. Dierlijke resten uit de Swifterbantperiode. In: T.J. ten Anscher, S. Knippenberg, C.M. van der Linde, W. Roessingh & N.W. Willemse (red.), Doorbraken aan de Rijn. Een Swifterbant-gehucht, een Hazendonk-nederzetting en erven en graven uit de bronstijd in Medel-De Roeskamp, pp. 639-736. RAAP-rapport 6519, Weesp.
Gron K.J., Gröcke D.R., Rowley-Conwy P., Patterson W.P., Van Neer W., Robson H.K., Church M.J. 20... more Gron K.J., Gröcke D.R., Rowley-Conwy P., Patterson W.P., Van Neer W., Robson H.K., Church M.J. 2023. Stable isotopes reveal agricultural practices in the Swifterbant period. In: T.J. ten Anscher, S. Knippenberg, C.M. van der Linde, W. Roessingh & N.W. Willemse (red.), Doorbraken aan de Rijn. Een Swifterbant-gehucht, een Hazendonk-nederzetting en erven en graven uit de bronstijd in Medel-De Roeskamp, pp. 737-750. RAAP-rapport 6519, Weesp.
An unusual concentration of tens of thousands small fish remains discovered during rescue excavat... more An unusual concentration of tens of thousands small fish remains discovered during rescue excavations in the town of Antwerp, Belgium, is described. The material was found in a small depression with no associated archeological material but could be dated to the first half of the 16th century based on its stratigraphic position. About 3500 freshwater fish were found in articulating position and it is shown that they
Cats are hypercarnivorous, opportunistic animals that have adjusted to anthropogenic environments... more Cats are hypercarnivorous, opportunistic animals that have adjusted to anthropogenic environments since the Neolithic period. Through humans, either by direct feeding and/or scavenging on food scraps, the diet of cats has been enriched with animals that they cannot kill themselves (e.g., large mammals, fish). Here, we conducted carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratio analysis to reconstruct the diet of medieval cats and investigate cat-human interactions in two medieval harbor sites (Qalhât, Oman and Siraf, Iran). The analysis included 28 cat individuals and 100 associated marine and terrestrial faunal samples pertaining to > 30 taxa. The isotopic results indicate a high marine proteinbased diet for the cats from Qalhât and a mixed marine-terrestrial (C 4) diet for the cats from Siraf. Cats at these sites most likely scavenged on both human food scraps and refuse related to fishing activities, with differences in the two sites most likely associated with the availability of marine resources and/ or the living conditions of the cats. By shedding light on the dietary habits of cats from two medieval harbors in the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, this study illustrates the potential of stable isotope analysis in reconstructing human-cat interactions in the past. Cats are hypercarnivorous animals, requiring a threefold consumption of protein compared to omnivorous species 1. Their high protein requirements stem from their metabolic adaptation to use protein and fat as energy sources 2,3 , as well as from their increased need for certain amino acids, such as taurine and arginine, which they cannot synthesize themselves 4-6. With a preference for consuming multiple, small meals throughout the day 7 , cats prey on small mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates 8-10 , with prey size decreasing with increasing hunger 11. Predation occurs also as part of teaching or playing and, thus, not always results in the consumption of the prey 12. However, both the predation rate and the prey diversity seem to be higher in rural areas, where anthropogenic food is scarcer 13. Being opportunistic hunters with an ability to adjust rapidly to changing environments 14 , wild cats seem to have exploited the new hunting grounds that emerged from the development of permanent settlements, following the onset of agricultural activities 15,16. This resulted in their adaptation to human presence, and later on to the consumption of foods facilitated by humans 17. Either from direct feeding and/or from scavenging on human food scraps, cats have acquired access to animal taxa that they are not able to kill themselves, such as large mammals and fish 18,19. Today, the pet food industry incorporates a wide range of ingredients, including even foods of plant origin, such as grains and vegetables 18,19. Unlike dogs 20 , a cat's digestive system is not adapted to starch-rich foods; however, milled and cooked plant material can be metabolized 7 , and constitute part of a healthy diet, provided that
The aim of this article is to demonstrate how animal remains from archaeological sites can contri... more The aim of this article is to demonstrate how animal remains from archaeological sites can contribute to a better understanding of human impact on the terrestrial and aquatic environment over time. A number of case studies, mainly from Belgium, illustrate the possible effects of deforestation, overhunting, overfishing and water pollution on wildlife. Species extinctions and introductions from the last millennium are also discussed. It is shown how relevant these results are and how they can be communicated to the general public, the wider scientific community and stakeholders.
A description is provided of the crocodile remains that were found during an excavation carried o... more A description is provided of the crocodile remains that were found during an excavation carried out in 2019 at Qubbat al-Hawā (Aswan, Egypt). The material consists of five more or less complete bodies and five heads that were in varying states of preservation and completeness. The absence of resin, which was apparently not used during the preparation of the mummies, and the almost complete loss of linen bandages, due to insect damage, allowed a detailed morphological and osteometric description of the remains. Attention was focused on the general state of preservation of the crocodiles, the completeness of their skeletons and skulls, the presence of cut or other marks that could indicate the cause of death, and the processing of the carcasses. Moreover, the possible provenance of the crocodiles, the methods of capture and killing of the animals and their possible chronological attribution are discussed. It is concluded that the manner in which these specimens were prepared, as well as the variation observed in the type of 'final product', are unlike any other crocodile material described so far. The preparation method suggests a pre-Ptolemaic date for the deposit. The morphological and metrical features indicate that both Crocodylus niloticus and the recently resurrected species Crocodylus suchus are present among these individuals that range from 1.8 to 3.5 m in length.
A recent study from Central Europe has changed our perception of the cat's domestication history.... more A recent study from Central Europe has changed our perception of the cat's domestication history. The authors discuss how this has led to the development of an interdisciplinary project combining palaeogenetics, zooarchaeology and radiocarbon dating, with the aim of providing insight into the domestic cat's expansion beyond the Mediterranean.
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were measured in 157 fish bone collagen samples from 15... more Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were measured in 157 fish bone collagen samples from 15 different archaeological sites in Belgium which ranged in ages from the 3rd to the 18th c. AD. Due to diagenetic contamination of the burial environment, only 63 specimens produced results with suitable C: N ratios (2.9–3.6). The selected bones encompass a wide spectrum of freshwater, brackish, and marine taxa (N ¼ 18), and this is reflected in the d13C results (À28. 2& to À12. 9%). The freshwater fish have d13C values ...
The domestic cat is the world's most popular pet and one of the most detrimental predators in... more The domestic cat is the world's most popular pet and one of the most detrimental predators in terrestrial ecosystems. Effective protection of wildlife biodiversity demands detailed tracking of cat trophic ecology, and stable isotopes serve as a powerful proxy in dietary studies. However, a variable diet can make an isotopic pattern unreadable in opportunistic predators. To evaluate the usefulness of the isotopic method in cat ecology, we measured C and N isotope ratios in hundreds of archaeological cat bones. We determined trends in cat trophic paleoecology in northern Europe by exploiting population-scale patterns in animals from diverse locations. Our dataset shows a high variability of isotopic signals related to the socio-economic and/or geomorphological context. This points toward regularities in isotopic patterns across past cat populations. We provide a generalized guide to interpret the isotopic ecology of cats, emphasizing that regional isotopic baselines have a major i...
Abstract We report here the stable nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) of individual amino acids ... more Abstract We report here the stable nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) of individual amino acids and the δ15N and δ13C content of collagen from human and faunal remains collected from Hasankeyf Höyük, an early Neolithic site in the upper Tigris valley. Based on the δ15N of collagen only, the contributions of freshwater resources to the diet of the hunter-gatherers were difficult to clearly identify relative to terrestrial resources. However, analysis of the nitrogen isotope composition of individual amino acids enabled the identification of minor contributions from freshwater resources to the diet in a community primarily dependent on terrestrial resources. Individual variability suggested that some individuals at Hasankeyf Höyük used freshwater resources, whereas others probably depended primarily on terrestrial food resources. The importance of freshwater resources as food for this hunter-gatherer community was variable among groups and depended on burial location and time of burial.
The yearly missions at Tell Tweini conducted by a Belgian-Syrian team have halted since 2011; how... more The yearly missions at Tell Tweini conducted by a Belgian-Syrian team have halted since 2011; however, the continuous research of the prodigious amount of data available has not. Over the past years the research team headed by Joachim Bretschneider (University Ghent) has focused on the study of particular groups of artefacts, ecofacts and landscape, resulting in new and exciting insights on various aspects of the settlement of Tell Tweini presented in this book. Tell Tweini or ancient Gibala is located in the Syrian coastal plain and represents the southernmost harbour of the Ugaritic Kingdom in the Late Bronze Age. As one of the few sites under excavation in the Northern Levant with a full archaeological sequence spanning the Early Bronze Age IV (ca. 2400 BCE) up to the Iron Age III period (ca. 500 BCE), Tell Tweini (Field A) is a key site for the study of the developments in the Northern Levant especially where the Bronze to Iron Age transition is concerned.
Asa Koma is a neolithic site, in the Gobaad basin (Djibouti). It was the object of five series of... more Asa Koma is a neolithic site, in the Gobaad basin (Djibouti). It was the object of five series of excavations between 1986 and 1996, at first supervised by R. Joussaume, then by X. Gutherz. The present monograph, the fruit of collaboration of fifteen reseaerchers resumes all the data at the end of fieildwork to analyze them according to varoiuous disciplinary approaches. It results from it a complete panorama, rich in new information which offers a new look over the period during which the region fell over to a new world, that of the food production
Zeiler, J.T., Van Neer, W., Esser, E. 2023. Het landschap in de Swifterbant-periode op basis van ... more Zeiler, J.T., Van Neer, W., Esser, E. 2023. Het landschap in de Swifterbant-periode op basis van de fauna. In: T.J. ten Anscher, S. Knippenberg, C.M. van der Linde, W. Roessingh & N.W. Willemse (red.), Doorbraken aan de Rijn. Een Swifterbant-gehucht, een Hazendonk-nederzetting en erven en graven uit de bronstijd in Medel-De Roeskamp, pp. 193-197. RAAP-rapport 6519, Weesp.
Natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek bij de opgravingen van woonsteden uit de (volle) middeleeuwen te Koksijde-Golf ter Hille (ca. 875-1150). BIAXiaal 997., 2018
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Tell Tweini or ancient Gibala is located in the Syrian coastal plain and represents the southernmost harbour of the Ugaritic Kingdom in the Late Bronze Age. As one of the few sites under excavation in the Northern Levant with a full archaeological sequence spanning the Early Bronze Age IV (ca. 2400 BCE) up to the Iron Age III period (ca. 500 BCE), Tell Tweini (Field A) is a key site for the study of the developments in the Northern Levant especially where the Bronze to Iron Age transition is concerned.