... Sidney Novoa1, Inés Redolfi2, Aldo Ceroni1 y ... Materiales y Métodos Ubicación: El presente ... more ... Sidney Novoa1, Inés Redolfi2, Aldo Ceroni1 y ... Materiales y Métodos Ubicación: El presente estudio fue llevado a cabo en el cerro Umarcata, el cual se encuentra a una distancia de 6 kilómetros de Santa Rosa de Quives, a la altura del kilómetro 69 de la carretera Lima ...
... ROBERT L. HUMMEL, RICK L. BRANDENBURG, ALLEN S. HEAGLE, 1 ANDCONSUELO ARELLAN02 ... This tech... more ... ROBERT L. HUMMEL, RICK L. BRANDENBURG, ALLEN S. HEAGLE, 1 ANDCONSUELO ARELLAN02 ... This technique has been used for studies mea-suring effects of such variables as temperature (Carey and Bradley 1982) and humidity (Boudreaux 1958). ...
The mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are vectors of pathogenic viruses that cause ma... more The mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are vectors of pathogenic viruses that cause major human illnesses including dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya. Both mosquito species are expanding their geographic distributions and now occur worldwide in temperate and tropical climates. Collection of eggs in oviposition traps (ovitraps) is commonly used for monitoring and surveillance of container-inhabiting Aedes populations by public health agencies charged with managing mosquito-transmitted illness. Addition of an organic infusion in these traps increases the number of eggs deposited. Gravid females are guided to ovitraps by volatile chemicals produced from the breakdown of organic matter by microbes. We previously isolated and cultured 14 species of bacteria from attractive experimental infusions, made from the senescent leaves of canebrake bamboo (Arundinaria gigantea). Cultures were grown for 24 h at 28 °C with constant shaking (120 rpm) and cell densities were determined ...
Bermudagrass, Cynodonspp., is one of the most commonly grown turfgrass genera in North Carolina. ... more Bermudagrass, Cynodonspp., is one of the most commonly grown turfgrass genera in North Carolina. The grass is extremely drought tolerant which makes it a very desirable species especially under new demands for water allocation. However, bermudagrass lacks shade tolerance, a valuable trait for use in smaller residential landscapes where trees are dominant, as is the case in many neighborhoods in North Carolina. Development of cultivars with shade tolerance would allow bermudagrass to become more prevalent in home lawns. In this study, a set of nine bermudagrass accessions collected from shaded areas in the Pretoria region of South Africa were evaluated for their ability to perform well under low light conditions. These materials, along with three standard cultivars (Celebration, TifGrand and Tifway) were evaluated under three levels of shade (0%, 63%, and 80%) at two locations (Raleigh and Jackson Springs, NC), during two growing seasons (2011-2012). The experimental design was a spl...
ABSTRACT Porcelain berry and bushkiller are confamilial, exotic, perennial vines in the Vitaceae ... more ABSTRACT Porcelain berry and bushkiller are confamilial, exotic, perennial vines in the Vitaceae family that are considered nuisance/invasive weeds of natural and riparian areas in the eastern United States. To better understand the competitive abilities of these aggressive weeds, greenhouse competition experiments were conducted on cuttings of porcelain berry, bushkiller, and Virginia-creeper, a native member of the Vitaceae family. Plants grown singly or in combination were monitored for stem growth and biomass production. In this research, porcelain berry and Virginia-creeper exhibited similar rates of stem growth, whereas bushkiller grew taller and faster than either of the other species. Porcelain berry stem growth was reduced in competition with bushkiller. All three species exhibited reduced stem biomass when grown with both other species. Root biomass of porcelain berry and Virginia-creeper were not affected by competition, but bushkiller, which produced the heaviest roots, exhibited reduced root biomass when grown with both other species. Porcelain berry root length was reduced by competition with both other species, but neither Virginia-creeper nor bushkiller root lengths were affected by competition. These results indicate that bushkiller is likely the strongest competitor of the three species studied. In these experiments, porcelain berry was less aggressive and vigorous than bushkiller but was similar to Virginia-creeper.
Phenotypic characterization and genetic stud- ies were performed to provide fundamental informati... more Phenotypic characterization and genetic stud- ies were performed to provide fundamental information for the exploitation of the native cultivated potato species Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (Juz. and Bukasov.) Hawkes (andigena) as a source of resistance to Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Analysis of a diallel mating design among andigena cultivars revealed the importance of additive gene effects. Phenotypic assessment of components
Among agricultural workers, migrant and seasonal farmworkers have been recognized as a special ri... more Among agricultural workers, migrant and seasonal farmworkers have been recognized as a special risk population because these laborers encounter cultural challenges and linguistic barriers while attempting to maintain their safety and health within their working environments. The crop-specific Pesticides and Farmworker Health Toolkit (Toolkit) is a pesticide safety and health curriculum designed to communicate to farmworkers pesticide hazards commonly found in their working environments and to address Worker Protection Standard (WPS) pesticide training criteria for agricultural workers. The goal of this preliminary study was to test evaluation items for measuring knowledge increases among farmworkers and to assess the effectiveness of the Toolkit in improving farmworkers' knowledge of key WPS and risk communication concepts when the Toolkit lesson was delivered by trained trainers in the field. After receiving training on the curriculum, four participating trainers provided lessons using the Toolkit as part of their regular training responsibilities and orally administered a pre- and post-lesson evaluation instrument to 20 farmworker volunteers who were generally representative of the national farmworker population. Farmworker knowledge of pesticide safety messages significantly (P<.05) increased after participation in the lesson. Further, items with visual alternatives were found to be most useful in discriminating between more and less knowledgeable farmworkers. The pilot study suggests that the Pesticides and Farmworker Health Toolkit is an effective, research-based pesticide safety and health intervention for the at-risk farmworker population and identifies a testing format appropriate for evaluating the Toolkit and other similar interventions for farmworkers in the field.
Two new field bioassay methods were developed to compare the repellent activity of BioUD(®) (cont... more Two new field bioassay methods were developed to compare the repellent activity of BioUD(®) (containing 7.75% 2-undecanone), 98.1% DEET and 0.5% permethrin against natural populations of nymphal Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae). In a cloth sheet assay, pieces of material measuring 41 × 58 cm, separately treated with one of the test materials or the appropriate solvent carrier, were placed at random on the ground and baited with dry ice for 1 h. Mean numbers of ticks on repellent-treated sheets were significantly lower than on control sheets. There was no significant difference in the number of ticks collected between sheets treated with BioUD(®) and those treated with DEET. However, significantly fewer ticks were found on sheets treated with BioUD(®) or DEET than on permethrin-treated sheets. In a sock test, over-the-calf tube socks were treated with one of the test materials or the appropriate solvent carrier. Human volunteers wore a repellent-treated and a corresponding carrier-treated sock on either leg and walked randomly over an area of approximately 4000 m(2) for 15 min. Significantly fewer ticks were collected from socks treated with BioUD(®) or DEET than from socks treated with the carrier and there was no significant difference in repellency between these two agents. No difference in the mean number of ticks collected was found between permethrin-treated and corresponding carrier-treated socks. To examine the mechanism of repellency of BioUD(®) , a four-choice olfactometer was used to assess spatial repellency against adult A. americanum. As expected in the absence of a repellent, when all choices were represented by water-treated filter paper, ticks were equally distributed among the choices. When one choice consisted of BioUD(®) -treated filter paper and the remaining choices of water-treated paper, the distribution of ticks on the repellent-treated paper was significantly lower than might be expected to occur by chance, suggesting that repellency is at least partly achieved by an olfactory mechanism.
The primary malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa, Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae), i... more The primary malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa, Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae), is an anthropophagic and endophilic mosquito targeted for control with insecticides applied to interior resting surfaces and impregnated onto bed net materials. Effective malaria vector management involves monitoring the insecticide susceptibility of mosquito populations. Contemporary bioassays are based on mosquito contact with insecticide residues. We developed an innovative insecticide bioassay system that involves mosquito ingestion of a sugar-insecticide solution. The sucrose-permethrin solution in our bioassay system contained Trypan blue dye, creating a visual marker of insecticide ingestion in the mosquito's abdomen. Blue fecal spots deposited in the bioassay container provided further evidence of mosquito feeding. We used our bioassay to characterize the permethrin susceptibility of adult females of two strains of A. gambiae, one of which was susceptible and the other exhibited reduced susceptibility to permethrin. We compared the dose-response of both strains to permethrin in a forced-contact filter paper bioassay. Both assay approaches produced similar dose-dependent mortality, indicating that the feeding bioassay had appropriately characterized permethrin susceptibility for both mosquito strains.
A phenology study of the Neoraimondia arequipensis subsp. roseiflora cactus was conducted at Umar... more A phenology study of the Neoraimondia arequipensis subsp. roseiflora cactus was conducted at Umarcata hills, located in the lower Chillon river basin, Lima, Peru. Fifteen fully grown plants were randomly selected and marked in order to evaluate their phenological status through the different seasons over a year period. Observations were registered monthly from October 2003 to September 2004. Correspondence analysis was used to hypotesize about the pattern sequence of the cactus plant phenophases. Results indicate that two well marked phenological variables are present: Flowering between November and April, and fructification from May to October. Phenology appears as an irregular event, with eight phases. The phenophase of flowering buttons (November) was present more frequently (59.44%) across the whole year; followed by inmature fruits (35.36%) in May and September; aborted buttons (32.78%) in December, February and March; mature fruit (27.78%) in August; dispersion and total flowe...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2013
Fish consumption has established benefits, including the promotion of cardiovascular health and p... more Fish consumption has established benefits, including the promotion of cardiovascular health and pre- and neonatal brain and eye development, but local freshwater fish may be a source of contaminants that are especially harmful to fetuses and young children, such as the neurotoxic and developmentally toxic methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls. Fish consumption advisories may be issued by state health departments to limit human exposure to these and other toxicants. This study examined the efficacy of a sign designed by the North Carolina Division of Public Health that was posted along a reservoir (Badin Lake) in central North Carolina, USA, for increasing anglers' awareness of a fish consumption advisory, with a special focus on anglers who share their catch with women and children. In this study, 109 anglers were interviewed about their awareness of fish consumption advisories in general and their knowledge of the Badin Lake fish advisory in particular. Shore anglers were significantly less likely to be aware of the term "fish consumption advisory" and of the specific advisory for Badin Lake than boat anglers. Although a significant increase in knowledge of the specific fish consumption advisory was found for the entire sample of study participants after the sign intervention, a commensurate increase in knowledge was not found for a subsample of anglers who reported sharing their catch with women and children. Study findings underscore differences in fish consumption advisory awareness among subpopulations. Specifically, the study revealed the importance of characterizing the communication needs of shore anglers and anglers who share their catch with sensitive subpopulations (e.g., women and children) for the creation of more targeted communications of fish consumption advisories.
... Sidney Novoa1, Inés Redolfi2, Aldo Ceroni1 y ... Materiales y Métodos Ubicación: El presente ... more ... Sidney Novoa1, Inés Redolfi2, Aldo Ceroni1 y ... Materiales y Métodos Ubicación: El presente estudio fue llevado a cabo en el cerro Umarcata, el cual se encuentra a una distancia de 6 kilómetros de Santa Rosa de Quives, a la altura del kilómetro 69 de la carretera Lima ...
... ROBERT L. HUMMEL, RICK L. BRANDENBURG, ALLEN S. HEAGLE, 1 ANDCONSUELO ARELLAN02 ... This tech... more ... ROBERT L. HUMMEL, RICK L. BRANDENBURG, ALLEN S. HEAGLE, 1 ANDCONSUELO ARELLAN02 ... This technique has been used for studies mea-suring effects of such variables as temperature (Carey and Bradley 1982) and humidity (Boudreaux 1958). ...
The mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are vectors of pathogenic viruses that cause ma... more The mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are vectors of pathogenic viruses that cause major human illnesses including dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya. Both mosquito species are expanding their geographic distributions and now occur worldwide in temperate and tropical climates. Collection of eggs in oviposition traps (ovitraps) is commonly used for monitoring and surveillance of container-inhabiting Aedes populations by public health agencies charged with managing mosquito-transmitted illness. Addition of an organic infusion in these traps increases the number of eggs deposited. Gravid females are guided to ovitraps by volatile chemicals produced from the breakdown of organic matter by microbes. We previously isolated and cultured 14 species of bacteria from attractive experimental infusions, made from the senescent leaves of canebrake bamboo (Arundinaria gigantea). Cultures were grown for 24 h at 28 °C with constant shaking (120 rpm) and cell densities were determined ...
Bermudagrass, Cynodonspp., is one of the most commonly grown turfgrass genera in North Carolina. ... more Bermudagrass, Cynodonspp., is one of the most commonly grown turfgrass genera in North Carolina. The grass is extremely drought tolerant which makes it a very desirable species especially under new demands for water allocation. However, bermudagrass lacks shade tolerance, a valuable trait for use in smaller residential landscapes where trees are dominant, as is the case in many neighborhoods in North Carolina. Development of cultivars with shade tolerance would allow bermudagrass to become more prevalent in home lawns. In this study, a set of nine bermudagrass accessions collected from shaded areas in the Pretoria region of South Africa were evaluated for their ability to perform well under low light conditions. These materials, along with three standard cultivars (Celebration, TifGrand and Tifway) were evaluated under three levels of shade (0%, 63%, and 80%) at two locations (Raleigh and Jackson Springs, NC), during two growing seasons (2011-2012). The experimental design was a spl...
ABSTRACT Porcelain berry and bushkiller are confamilial, exotic, perennial vines in the Vitaceae ... more ABSTRACT Porcelain berry and bushkiller are confamilial, exotic, perennial vines in the Vitaceae family that are considered nuisance/invasive weeds of natural and riparian areas in the eastern United States. To better understand the competitive abilities of these aggressive weeds, greenhouse competition experiments were conducted on cuttings of porcelain berry, bushkiller, and Virginia-creeper, a native member of the Vitaceae family. Plants grown singly or in combination were monitored for stem growth and biomass production. In this research, porcelain berry and Virginia-creeper exhibited similar rates of stem growth, whereas bushkiller grew taller and faster than either of the other species. Porcelain berry stem growth was reduced in competition with bushkiller. All three species exhibited reduced stem biomass when grown with both other species. Root biomass of porcelain berry and Virginia-creeper were not affected by competition, but bushkiller, which produced the heaviest roots, exhibited reduced root biomass when grown with both other species. Porcelain berry root length was reduced by competition with both other species, but neither Virginia-creeper nor bushkiller root lengths were affected by competition. These results indicate that bushkiller is likely the strongest competitor of the three species studied. In these experiments, porcelain berry was less aggressive and vigorous than bushkiller but was similar to Virginia-creeper.
Phenotypic characterization and genetic stud- ies were performed to provide fundamental informati... more Phenotypic characterization and genetic stud- ies were performed to provide fundamental information for the exploitation of the native cultivated potato species Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (Juz. and Bukasov.) Hawkes (andigena) as a source of resistance to Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Analysis of a diallel mating design among andigena cultivars revealed the importance of additive gene effects. Phenotypic assessment of components
Among agricultural workers, migrant and seasonal farmworkers have been recognized as a special ri... more Among agricultural workers, migrant and seasonal farmworkers have been recognized as a special risk population because these laborers encounter cultural challenges and linguistic barriers while attempting to maintain their safety and health within their working environments. The crop-specific Pesticides and Farmworker Health Toolkit (Toolkit) is a pesticide safety and health curriculum designed to communicate to farmworkers pesticide hazards commonly found in their working environments and to address Worker Protection Standard (WPS) pesticide training criteria for agricultural workers. The goal of this preliminary study was to test evaluation items for measuring knowledge increases among farmworkers and to assess the effectiveness of the Toolkit in improving farmworkers' knowledge of key WPS and risk communication concepts when the Toolkit lesson was delivered by trained trainers in the field. After receiving training on the curriculum, four participating trainers provided lessons using the Toolkit as part of their regular training responsibilities and orally administered a pre- and post-lesson evaluation instrument to 20 farmworker volunteers who were generally representative of the national farmworker population. Farmworker knowledge of pesticide safety messages significantly (P<.05) increased after participation in the lesson. Further, items with visual alternatives were found to be most useful in discriminating between more and less knowledgeable farmworkers. The pilot study suggests that the Pesticides and Farmworker Health Toolkit is an effective, research-based pesticide safety and health intervention for the at-risk farmworker population and identifies a testing format appropriate for evaluating the Toolkit and other similar interventions for farmworkers in the field.
Two new field bioassay methods were developed to compare the repellent activity of BioUD(®) (cont... more Two new field bioassay methods were developed to compare the repellent activity of BioUD(®) (containing 7.75% 2-undecanone), 98.1% DEET and 0.5% permethrin against natural populations of nymphal Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae). In a cloth sheet assay, pieces of material measuring 41 × 58 cm, separately treated with one of the test materials or the appropriate solvent carrier, were placed at random on the ground and baited with dry ice for 1 h. Mean numbers of ticks on repellent-treated sheets were significantly lower than on control sheets. There was no significant difference in the number of ticks collected between sheets treated with BioUD(®) and those treated with DEET. However, significantly fewer ticks were found on sheets treated with BioUD(®) or DEET than on permethrin-treated sheets. In a sock test, over-the-calf tube socks were treated with one of the test materials or the appropriate solvent carrier. Human volunteers wore a repellent-treated and a corresponding carrier-treated sock on either leg and walked randomly over an area of approximately 4000 m(2) for 15 min. Significantly fewer ticks were collected from socks treated with BioUD(®) or DEET than from socks treated with the carrier and there was no significant difference in repellency between these two agents. No difference in the mean number of ticks collected was found between permethrin-treated and corresponding carrier-treated socks. To examine the mechanism of repellency of BioUD(®) , a four-choice olfactometer was used to assess spatial repellency against adult A. americanum. As expected in the absence of a repellent, when all choices were represented by water-treated filter paper, ticks were equally distributed among the choices. When one choice consisted of BioUD(®) -treated filter paper and the remaining choices of water-treated paper, the distribution of ticks on the repellent-treated paper was significantly lower than might be expected to occur by chance, suggesting that repellency is at least partly achieved by an olfactory mechanism.
The primary malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa, Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae), i... more The primary malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa, Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae), is an anthropophagic and endophilic mosquito targeted for control with insecticides applied to interior resting surfaces and impregnated onto bed net materials. Effective malaria vector management involves monitoring the insecticide susceptibility of mosquito populations. Contemporary bioassays are based on mosquito contact with insecticide residues. We developed an innovative insecticide bioassay system that involves mosquito ingestion of a sugar-insecticide solution. The sucrose-permethrin solution in our bioassay system contained Trypan blue dye, creating a visual marker of insecticide ingestion in the mosquito's abdomen. Blue fecal spots deposited in the bioassay container provided further evidence of mosquito feeding. We used our bioassay to characterize the permethrin susceptibility of adult females of two strains of A. gambiae, one of which was susceptible and the other exhibited reduced susceptibility to permethrin. We compared the dose-response of both strains to permethrin in a forced-contact filter paper bioassay. Both assay approaches produced similar dose-dependent mortality, indicating that the feeding bioassay had appropriately characterized permethrin susceptibility for both mosquito strains.
A phenology study of the Neoraimondia arequipensis subsp. roseiflora cactus was conducted at Umar... more A phenology study of the Neoraimondia arequipensis subsp. roseiflora cactus was conducted at Umarcata hills, located in the lower Chillon river basin, Lima, Peru. Fifteen fully grown plants were randomly selected and marked in order to evaluate their phenological status through the different seasons over a year period. Observations were registered monthly from October 2003 to September 2004. Correspondence analysis was used to hypotesize about the pattern sequence of the cactus plant phenophases. Results indicate that two well marked phenological variables are present: Flowering between November and April, and fructification from May to October. Phenology appears as an irregular event, with eight phases. The phenophase of flowering buttons (November) was present more frequently (59.44%) across the whole year; followed by inmature fruits (35.36%) in May and September; aborted buttons (32.78%) in December, February and March; mature fruit (27.78%) in August; dispersion and total flowe...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2013
Fish consumption has established benefits, including the promotion of cardiovascular health and p... more Fish consumption has established benefits, including the promotion of cardiovascular health and pre- and neonatal brain and eye development, but local freshwater fish may be a source of contaminants that are especially harmful to fetuses and young children, such as the neurotoxic and developmentally toxic methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls. Fish consumption advisories may be issued by state health departments to limit human exposure to these and other toxicants. This study examined the efficacy of a sign designed by the North Carolina Division of Public Health that was posted along a reservoir (Badin Lake) in central North Carolina, USA, for increasing anglers' awareness of a fish consumption advisory, with a special focus on anglers who share their catch with women and children. In this study, 109 anglers were interviewed about their awareness of fish consumption advisories in general and their knowledge of the Badin Lake fish advisory in particular. Shore anglers were significantly less likely to be aware of the term "fish consumption advisory" and of the specific advisory for Badin Lake than boat anglers. Although a significant increase in knowledge of the specific fish consumption advisory was found for the entire sample of study participants after the sign intervention, a commensurate increase in knowledge was not found for a subsample of anglers who reported sharing their catch with women and children. Study findings underscore differences in fish consumption advisory awareness among subpopulations. Specifically, the study revealed the importance of characterizing the communication needs of shore anglers and anglers who share their catch with sensitive subpopulations (e.g., women and children) for the creation of more targeted communications of fish consumption advisories.
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