A feed supplement containing brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) extract may increase anti-oxidan... more A feed supplement containing brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) extract may increase anti-oxidant activity in other domestic animals, but its effect on goats has not been studied. Mature female Spanish (S) and Boer× Spanish (BS) crosses (BW= 39kg, n= 20/ ...
American Association of Bovine Practitioners Conference Proceedings
The objective of this study was to evaluate colostral IgG absorption as an indicator of passive t... more The objective of this study was to evaluate colostral IgG absorption as an indicator of passive transfer of immunity in in-virtro fertilized (IVF) calves delivered by cesarean section.
Tumours live in or on a host and obtain their nourishment from the host organism. This chapter lo... more Tumours live in or on a host and obtain their nourishment from the host organism. This chapter looks at metabolism of energy substrates by the tumour cell; tumour versus host survival; nutritional support for the host.
A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate immune response and Cu status of yearling beef steers as a... more A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate immune response and Cu status of yearling beef steers as a consequence of grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) infected (E+) with the endophyte fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum ([Morgan-Jones and Gams] Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin). During a preliminary study in 1994, 24 weanling Angus and Angus x Hereford steers were blocked by breed and weight (initial BW 271 kg; SD 25) and were randomized to E+ and low endophyte (E-) fescue in pastures at Glade Spring, VA. Grazing began in April and was discontinued in July. In 1995 and 1996, 24 weanling Angus and Angus x Hereford steers (initial BW 249 kg, SD 20 and 240 kg, SD 15, respectively) were randomized to the E+ and E- pastures at Glade Spring during each year. Grazing began in April and continued until September in 1995 and October in 1996. In 1994, steers that grazed E+ fescue exhibited lower (P < .05) phagocytic activity, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression, ceruloplasmin, and serum Cu than steers that grazed E- tall fescue. During 1995, steers grazing E+ fescue had lower (P < .05) phagocytic activity and MHC class II expression than steers that grazed E- fescue. In 1996, one-half of the steers within each paddock received a Cu oxide bolus at the beginning of the grazing season. During 1996, phagocytic activity was lower (P < .01) and MHC class II expression tended (P < .07) to be lower in steers that grazed E+ tall fescue than in steers that grazed E- tall fescue. Copper supplementation increased (P < .05) MHC class II expression in July regardless of endophyte status over nonsupplemented steers. Steers that grazed E- tall fescue had higher (P < .05) plasma or serum Cu concentrations than steers that grazed E+ tall fescue in each year of the study. These data indicate that the endophyte compromised the immune function of grazing steers, and the data suggest a relationship with depressed Cu status.
Veterinary therapeutics: research in applied veterinary medicine
Two canine studies evaluating the effectiveness of a specific computerized weight reduction progr... more Two canine studies evaluating the effectiveness of a specific computerized weight reduction program in two different clinical settings are summarized to give an overall assessment of an obesity management software program. The weight loss program utilizes a low calorie food formulation (dry, canned and treat) and software to suggest daily calorie intake for weight loss. The software utilizes current body weight and a desired weekly rate of weight loss to predict the dog's body weight in 30 days. The dietary product and software were used in a 3- and 6-month weight loss regime for 60 overweight adult dogs in two different clinical settings. On average, the dogs in this summary lost 0.75% per week regardless of more aggressive rates set by the nutritionist. Accuracy in predicting future weights by the software was dependent upon the desired rate of weight loss selected, the equation used to estimate maintenance energy requirement, and owner compliance. Over time, accuracy in predi...
Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine, 2005
High lipid:low dextrose (HL:LD) parenteral admixtures (PAs) are becoming commonplace in the nutri... more High lipid:low dextrose (HL:LD) parenteral admixtures (PAs) are becoming commonplace in the nutritional support of veterinary patients. Lipid peroxidation before administration appears to be an unwanted sequela of high lipid content in PAs that can lead to oxidative injury of biologic membranes in vivo. The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure hydroperoxides in HL:LD PAs and to determine the optimal dose of d-alpha-tocopherol to minimize peroxidation in these PAs during a 24-hr period. Detectable concentrations of hydroperoxides were present in all PAs. D-alpha-tocopherol appeared to significantly minimize peroxidation of HL:LD PAs in vitro. These results have clinical implications for parenteral feeding in critically ill patients.
Wether lambs (n=27, average BW=40kg) were used to test response to forage treated with Tasco-Fora... more Wether lambs (n=27, average BW=40kg) were used to test response to forage treated with Tasco-Forage (an extract of the brown kelp Ascophyllum nodosum) prior to conserving, or to direct feeding of the extract (Tasco-EX). Hays made from endophyte (Neoyphodium coenophialum)-infested tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)-based pasture received 0 or 3kg of Tasco/ha prior to harvest. Lambs, blocked by weight, were randomly
Purpose of the study To evaluate the prescription writing skill of final year residents in a fami... more Purpose of the study To evaluate the prescription writing skill of final year residents in a family practice residency programme (FPRP) in Bahrain, and to compare skill of residents who have graduated from medical schools with problem based learning (PBL) versus traditional (non-PBL) curricula. Study design Prescriptions issued by the residents were prospectively collected for two consecutive cohorts in May 2004 and May 2005. Prescription errors were classified as errors of omission (minor and major), commission (incorrect information) and integration (drug–drug interactions). Results In 69.6% of medications with major omission errors, dosage form (39.4%) and length of treatment (18.5%) were not specified. In 24.7% of medications with commission errors, dosing frequency (19.9%) and incorrect strength/dose (2.2%) were the most common errors. Integration errors comprised 5.7% of all prescribing errors. No significant differences were observed between PBL and non-PBL graduates with reg...
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2005
ABSTRACT A practical alternative to traditional central line delivery of parenteral admixtures (P... more ABSTRACT A practical alternative to traditional central line delivery of parenteral admixtures (PA) for small animal patients is utilization of a peripheral route. Admixtures delivered via this route should be a lower osmolarity to prevent complications; to attain this goal a high lipid:low dextrose (HL:LD) is formulated. Lipid peroxidation is a common sequella of PA containing high lipid content. This in vitro peroxidation can lead to oxidative injury of biological membranes in vivo. Despite this concern, peripheral PA have many benefits and continue to be utilized. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to measure lipid hydroperoxides in HL:LD PA; and to determine the optimal dose ofd-α-tocopherol to minimize peroxidation in the PA during a 24 h hang time. This in vitro experiment included three identical blocks consisting of 14 bags (n = 7 control; n = 7 treatment) filled aseptically with 109 ml of HL:LD PA. Total lipid content per bag was 8 g as soybean oil (Intralipid®). Naturald-α-tocopherol (Vital E-300™) was added to the treatment bags as 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64 IU/g of lipid. Control bags contained Vital E-300™ equivalent amounts of ethanol and benzyl alcohol. Bags were hung for 24 h at room temperature under fluorescent light exposure. Hydroperoxides were measured by FOX assay and tocopherols by HPLC at times 0 and 24 h. The level of hydroperoxides was expressed as M equivalents tert-butyl hydroperoxide (M = TBH). A Repeated Measuresanovawas used for data analysis, with p in vitro based on concentration and time of exposure to lipid. This has clinical implications for parenteral feeding in critically ill patients.
A feed supplement containing brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) extract may increase anti-oxidan... more A feed supplement containing brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) extract may increase anti-oxidant activity in other domestic animals, but its effect on goats has not been studied. Mature female Spanish (S) and Boer× Spanish (BS) crosses (BW= 39kg, n= 20/ ...
American Association of Bovine Practitioners Conference Proceedings
The objective of this study was to evaluate colostral IgG absorption as an indicator of passive t... more The objective of this study was to evaluate colostral IgG absorption as an indicator of passive transfer of immunity in in-virtro fertilized (IVF) calves delivered by cesarean section.
Tumours live in or on a host and obtain their nourishment from the host organism. This chapter lo... more Tumours live in or on a host and obtain their nourishment from the host organism. This chapter looks at metabolism of energy substrates by the tumour cell; tumour versus host survival; nutritional support for the host.
A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate immune response and Cu status of yearling beef steers as a... more A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate immune response and Cu status of yearling beef steers as a consequence of grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) infected (E+) with the endophyte fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum ([Morgan-Jones and Gams] Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin). During a preliminary study in 1994, 24 weanling Angus and Angus x Hereford steers were blocked by breed and weight (initial BW 271 kg; SD 25) and were randomized to E+ and low endophyte (E-) fescue in pastures at Glade Spring, VA. Grazing began in April and was discontinued in July. In 1995 and 1996, 24 weanling Angus and Angus x Hereford steers (initial BW 249 kg, SD 20 and 240 kg, SD 15, respectively) were randomized to the E+ and E- pastures at Glade Spring during each year. Grazing began in April and continued until September in 1995 and October in 1996. In 1994, steers that grazed E+ fescue exhibited lower (P < .05) phagocytic activity, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression, ceruloplasmin, and serum Cu than steers that grazed E- tall fescue. During 1995, steers grazing E+ fescue had lower (P < .05) phagocytic activity and MHC class II expression than steers that grazed E- fescue. In 1996, one-half of the steers within each paddock received a Cu oxide bolus at the beginning of the grazing season. During 1996, phagocytic activity was lower (P < .01) and MHC class II expression tended (P < .07) to be lower in steers that grazed E+ tall fescue than in steers that grazed E- tall fescue. Copper supplementation increased (P < .05) MHC class II expression in July regardless of endophyte status over nonsupplemented steers. Steers that grazed E- tall fescue had higher (P < .05) plasma or serum Cu concentrations than steers that grazed E+ tall fescue in each year of the study. These data indicate that the endophyte compromised the immune function of grazing steers, and the data suggest a relationship with depressed Cu status.
Veterinary therapeutics: research in applied veterinary medicine
Two canine studies evaluating the effectiveness of a specific computerized weight reduction progr... more Two canine studies evaluating the effectiveness of a specific computerized weight reduction program in two different clinical settings are summarized to give an overall assessment of an obesity management software program. The weight loss program utilizes a low calorie food formulation (dry, canned and treat) and software to suggest daily calorie intake for weight loss. The software utilizes current body weight and a desired weekly rate of weight loss to predict the dog's body weight in 30 days. The dietary product and software were used in a 3- and 6-month weight loss regime for 60 overweight adult dogs in two different clinical settings. On average, the dogs in this summary lost 0.75% per week regardless of more aggressive rates set by the nutritionist. Accuracy in predicting future weights by the software was dependent upon the desired rate of weight loss selected, the equation used to estimate maintenance energy requirement, and owner compliance. Over time, accuracy in predi...
Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine, 2005
High lipid:low dextrose (HL:LD) parenteral admixtures (PAs) are becoming commonplace in the nutri... more High lipid:low dextrose (HL:LD) parenteral admixtures (PAs) are becoming commonplace in the nutritional support of veterinary patients. Lipid peroxidation before administration appears to be an unwanted sequela of high lipid content in PAs that can lead to oxidative injury of biologic membranes in vivo. The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure hydroperoxides in HL:LD PAs and to determine the optimal dose of d-alpha-tocopherol to minimize peroxidation in these PAs during a 24-hr period. Detectable concentrations of hydroperoxides were present in all PAs. D-alpha-tocopherol appeared to significantly minimize peroxidation of HL:LD PAs in vitro. These results have clinical implications for parenteral feeding in critically ill patients.
Wether lambs (n=27, average BW=40kg) were used to test response to forage treated with Tasco-Fora... more Wether lambs (n=27, average BW=40kg) were used to test response to forage treated with Tasco-Forage (an extract of the brown kelp Ascophyllum nodosum) prior to conserving, or to direct feeding of the extract (Tasco-EX). Hays made from endophyte (Neoyphodium coenophialum)-infested tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)-based pasture received 0 or 3kg of Tasco/ha prior to harvest. Lambs, blocked by weight, were randomly
Purpose of the study To evaluate the prescription writing skill of final year residents in a fami... more Purpose of the study To evaluate the prescription writing skill of final year residents in a family practice residency programme (FPRP) in Bahrain, and to compare skill of residents who have graduated from medical schools with problem based learning (PBL) versus traditional (non-PBL) curricula. Study design Prescriptions issued by the residents were prospectively collected for two consecutive cohorts in May 2004 and May 2005. Prescription errors were classified as errors of omission (minor and major), commission (incorrect information) and integration (drug–drug interactions). Results In 69.6% of medications with major omission errors, dosage form (39.4%) and length of treatment (18.5%) were not specified. In 24.7% of medications with commission errors, dosing frequency (19.9%) and incorrect strength/dose (2.2%) were the most common errors. Integration errors comprised 5.7% of all prescribing errors. No significant differences were observed between PBL and non-PBL graduates with reg...
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2005
ABSTRACT A practical alternative to traditional central line delivery of parenteral admixtures (P... more ABSTRACT A practical alternative to traditional central line delivery of parenteral admixtures (PA) for small animal patients is utilization of a peripheral route. Admixtures delivered via this route should be a lower osmolarity to prevent complications; to attain this goal a high lipid:low dextrose (HL:LD) is formulated. Lipid peroxidation is a common sequella of PA containing high lipid content. This in vitro peroxidation can lead to oxidative injury of biological membranes in vivo. Despite this concern, peripheral PA have many benefits and continue to be utilized. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to measure lipid hydroperoxides in HL:LD PA; and to determine the optimal dose ofd-α-tocopherol to minimize peroxidation in the PA during a 24 h hang time. This in vitro experiment included three identical blocks consisting of 14 bags (n = 7 control; n = 7 treatment) filled aseptically with 109 ml of HL:LD PA. Total lipid content per bag was 8 g as soybean oil (Intralipid®). Naturald-α-tocopherol (Vital E-300™) was added to the treatment bags as 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64 IU/g of lipid. Control bags contained Vital E-300™ equivalent amounts of ethanol and benzyl alcohol. Bags were hung for 24 h at room temperature under fluorescent light exposure. Hydroperoxides were measured by FOX assay and tocopherols by HPLC at times 0 and 24 h. The level of hydroperoxides was expressed as M equivalents tert-butyl hydroperoxide (M = TBH). A Repeated Measuresanovawas used for data analysis, with p in vitro based on concentration and time of exposure to lipid. This has clinical implications for parenteral feeding in critically ill patients.
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