In the environment, conjugated estrogens are
nontoxic but may hydrolyze to their potent unconjug... more In the environment, conjugated estrogens are
nontoxic but may hydrolyze to their potent unconjugated,
‘free’ forms. Compared to free estrogens, conjugated estrogens
would be more mobile in the environment because of their
higher water solubility. To identify the fate of a conjugated
estrogen in natural agricultural soils, batch experiments were
conducted with a 14C labeled prototype conjugate, 17β-
estradiol-3-glucuronide (E2-3G). Initially, aqueous dissipation
was dominated by biological hydrolysis of E2-3G and its
oxidized metabolite, estrone glucuronide (E1-3G), both of
which were transformed into the free estrogens, 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), respectively. Following hydrolysis,
hydrophobic sorption interactions of E2 and E1 dominated. Depending on soil organic matter contents, dissolved E2-3G
persisted from 1−14 d, which was much longer than what others reported for free estrogens (generally <24 h). Biodegradation
rate constants of E2-3G were smaller in the subsoil (0.01−0.02 h−1) compared to topsoil (0.2−0.4 h−1). Field observations
supported our laboratory findings where significant concentrations (425 ng L−1) of intact E2-3G were detected in groundwater (6.5−8.1 m deep) near a swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) farm. This study provides evidence that conjugate estrogens may be a significant source of free estrogens to surface water and groundwater.
The natural estrogenic hormone, 17ß-estradiol (E2), can disrupt the endocrine system of some aqua... more The natural estrogenic hormone, 17ß-estradiol (E2), can disrupt the endocrine system of some aquatic species at ng/L concentrations. Laboratory studies show low potentials for E2 persistence and mobility in the environment due to high degradation and soil retention. However, field ...
In the environment, conjugated estrogens are
nontoxic but may hydrolyze to their potent unconjug... more In the environment, conjugated estrogens are
nontoxic but may hydrolyze to their potent unconjugated,
‘free’ forms. Compared to free estrogens, conjugated estrogens
would be more mobile in the environment because of their
higher water solubility. To identify the fate of a conjugated
estrogen in natural agricultural soils, batch experiments were
conducted with a 14C labeled prototype conjugate, 17β-
estradiol-3-glucuronide (E2-3G). Initially, aqueous dissipation
was dominated by biological hydrolysis of E2-3G and its
oxidized metabolite, estrone glucuronide (E1-3G), both of
which were transformed into the free estrogens, 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), respectively. Following hydrolysis,
hydrophobic sorption interactions of E2 and E1 dominated. Depending on soil organic matter contents, dissolved E2-3G
persisted from 1−14 d, which was much longer than what others reported for free estrogens (generally <24 h). Biodegradation
rate constants of E2-3G were smaller in the subsoil (0.01−0.02 h−1) compared to topsoil (0.2−0.4 h−1). Field observations
supported our laboratory findings where significant concentrations (425 ng L−1) of intact E2-3G were detected in groundwater (6.5−8.1 m deep) near a swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) farm. This study provides evidence that conjugate estrogens may be a significant source of free estrogens to surface water and groundwater.
The natural estrogenic hormone, 17ß-estradiol (E2), can disrupt the endocrine system of some aqua... more The natural estrogenic hormone, 17ß-estradiol (E2), can disrupt the endocrine system of some aquatic species at ng/L concentrations. Laboratory studies show low potentials for E2 persistence and mobility in the environment due to high degradation and soil retention. However, field ...
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nontoxic but may hydrolyze to their potent unconjugated,
‘free’ forms. Compared to free estrogens, conjugated estrogens
would be more mobile in the environment because of their
higher water solubility. To identify the fate of a conjugated
estrogen in natural agricultural soils, batch experiments were
conducted with a 14C labeled prototype conjugate, 17β-
estradiol-3-glucuronide (E2-3G). Initially, aqueous dissipation
was dominated by biological hydrolysis of E2-3G and its
oxidized metabolite, estrone glucuronide (E1-3G), both of
which were transformed into the free estrogens, 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), respectively. Following hydrolysis,
hydrophobic sorption interactions of E2 and E1 dominated. Depending on soil organic matter contents, dissolved E2-3G
persisted from 1−14 d, which was much longer than what others reported for free estrogens (generally <24 h). Biodegradation
rate constants of E2-3G were smaller in the subsoil (0.01−0.02 h−1) compared to topsoil (0.2−0.4 h−1). Field observations
supported our laboratory findings where significant concentrations (425 ng L−1) of intact E2-3G were detected in groundwater (6.5−8.1 m deep) near a swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) farm. This study provides evidence that conjugate estrogens may be a significant source of free estrogens to surface water and groundwater.
nontoxic but may hydrolyze to their potent unconjugated,
‘free’ forms. Compared to free estrogens, conjugated estrogens
would be more mobile in the environment because of their
higher water solubility. To identify the fate of a conjugated
estrogen in natural agricultural soils, batch experiments were
conducted with a 14C labeled prototype conjugate, 17β-
estradiol-3-glucuronide (E2-3G). Initially, aqueous dissipation
was dominated by biological hydrolysis of E2-3G and its
oxidized metabolite, estrone glucuronide (E1-3G), both of
which were transformed into the free estrogens, 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), respectively. Following hydrolysis,
hydrophobic sorption interactions of E2 and E1 dominated. Depending on soil organic matter contents, dissolved E2-3G
persisted from 1−14 d, which was much longer than what others reported for free estrogens (generally <24 h). Biodegradation
rate constants of E2-3G were smaller in the subsoil (0.01−0.02 h−1) compared to topsoil (0.2−0.4 h−1). Field observations
supported our laboratory findings where significant concentrations (425 ng L−1) of intact E2-3G were detected in groundwater (6.5−8.1 m deep) near a swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) farm. This study provides evidence that conjugate estrogens may be a significant source of free estrogens to surface water and groundwater.