The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of meditation as an intervention for porno... more The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of meditation as an intervention for pornography viewing for men who identify with self-perceived problematic pornography use (SPPPU). A series of randomized, multiple baseline (across subjects) single-case studies are reported in accordance with accepted guidelines (SCRIBE). Twelve males with SPPPU participated in a 12-week AB design with a single intervention condition: twice-daily guided meditations delivered via audio recordings. Eleven participants completed the study. They logged daily pornography viewing throughout and filled out the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS) at intake and post-study. Post-study interviews provided important explanatory data for outcome measures. Although TAU-U calculations for data trends showed that TAU-U values were all in the expected direction, only results from two participants indicated meditation as a statistically effective intervention. The baseline trends in the expected direction were likely the result of participants logging their daily pornography use for the first timethus representing a significant deviation from pre-intervention 'life as usual'an effect that was not considered at the time of study design. Interview data provided support and evidence for meditation as the reason for reduced SPPPU, specifically due to the perceived impacts participants experienced related to decreased rumination, improved self-acceptance, and decreased experiences of guilt and shame that typically followed pornography viewing. PPCS results indicated that measures had significantly improved for seven out of the eleven participants who completed the study. This study shows encouragingbut inconclusiveresults on meditation as a potentially effective intervention for SPPPU. Further studies would benefit from addressing research limitations.
Rape, sexual coercion, and sexual compliance within marriage are major components of gender-based... more Rape, sexual coercion, and sexual compliance within marriage are major components of gender-based violence globally. This article examines a range of non-consensual sexual experiences within heterosexual marriage in Aoral and Thpong districts in Kampong Speu, Cambodia. Interviews were conducted with 11 married women and thematically analyzed from a critical realist and feminist perspective. Four categories of non-consensual sex were identified and analyzed (rape/forced sex, sexual coercion, sexual compliance, and internalized pressure). These are discussed in detail, alongside the need for educational efforts that disrupt traditional gender norms that create a context conducive to women’s non-consensual sex in Cambodia.
Historic, systemic, and institutional oppression has created various forms of inequality that are... more Historic, systemic, and institutional oppression has created various forms of inequality that are of urgent interest to critical psychologists. One area of continued concern is the use of Western, ...
From 1989 to 2014, Iran was known as a country with a successful family planning programme, and h... more From 1989 to 2014, Iran was known as a country with a successful family planning programme, and has experienced a sharp decline in fertility over recent decades. This led to the introduction of pronatalist policies in 2014 and the restriction of family planning services. The aim of this study was to explore men’s views on their access to contraceptive information and services and the socio-cultural barriers to such access in Tehran. The qualitative study was conducted in 2014 using in-depth interviews with 60 married men of varying ages and socioeconomic status from across Tehran. The data were analysed with a basic interpretive approach using MAXQDA10. Although the majority of the men acknowledged the importance of family planning and contraceptive use, they reported that their access to contraceptive information and services was limited. Discussion of sexual matters and contraception among men was identified as being somewhat embarrassing. Three main issues were identified: (1) me...
Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 2020
Since the inception of the chiropractic profession, debate has continued on differing practice ob... more Since the inception of the chiropractic profession, debate has continued on differing practice objectives and philosophical approaches to patient care. While the political and academic leaders of the profession continue to dominate the discourse, little is known on the perspectives of the everyday practising chiropractor on their professional identity. In this paper, professional identity within the profession of chiropractic was evaluated using a systematised search strategy of the literature from the year 2000 through to May 2019. Initially 562 articles were sourced, of which 24 met the criteria for review. The review confirmed three previously stated professional identity subgroups; two polarised approaches and a centrist or mixed view. The musculoskeletal biomedical approach is in contrast to the vertebral subluxation vitalistic practice approach. Whilst these three main chiropractic identity subtypes exist, within the literature the terminology used to describe them differs. Research aimed at categorising the chiropractic profession identity into exclusive subtypes found that at least 20% of chiropractors have an exclusive vertebral subluxation focus. However, deeper exploration of the literature shows that vertebral subluxation is an important practice consideration for up to 70% of chiropractors. Patient care with a musculoskeletal spine focus is dominant in clinical practice. This review found that practising chiropractors consider themselves to be primary care or primary contact practitioners with a broad scope of practice across a number of patient groups not limited to musculoskeletal management. Across the research, there is a marked difference in the categories of practice objectives evaluated, and future research could examine the relatedness of these. Additionally, future research could explore the professional identity construct over time and within different practice contexts to help facilitate the progression of the profession.
Representations and talk of casual sex have become commonplace in contemporary western culture. H... more Representations and talk of casual sex have become commonplace in contemporary western culture. However, research has rarely approached casual sex as an ‘object’ of analysis in its own right. In this thesis, I report on an in-depth critical analysis of heterosexual casual sex from a feminist social constructionist theoretical perspective. Much of the previous research on casual sex has been conducted from a positivist epistemology, taken a ‘risk-reduction’ approach to, and often deployed quantitative methods that do not allow for a more critical and contextualised account of casual sex. My research aims to provide an in-depth exploration of heterosexual casual sex that is historically cogent, contextually situated, as well as psychologically informed. I take into consideration sociocultural accounts of casual sex alongside people’s personal narratives of casual sex. This thesis is divided into three parts. In Part One, I conduct two extensive literature reviews ‘locating’ heterosexu...
This chapter covers the following topics:
• Psychology and research
• Key themes
• Learned behavi... more This chapter covers the following topics: • Psychology and research • Key themes • Learned behaviour • The developmental • How is psychological research carried out? • Evaluating psychological research
Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 2018
Synonyms: The sexual double standard, sexual injustice, sexism. Definition: A form of sexism wher... more Synonyms: The sexual double standard, sexual injustice, sexism. Definition: A form of sexism where men and women are judged differently for engaging in the same sexual behavior (with women carrying the stigma).
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 2019
Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding on what quality of life (QOL) a... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding on what quality of life (QOL) and its assessment means to chiropractors in everyday practice. Methods: This study captured chiropractors' perspectives on the QOL construct and its assessment using a qualitative descriptive methodology that comprised 2 focus groups, each with 4 participants using semi-structured, open-ended questioning. Participants from Aotearoa, New Zealand, were also asked to evaluate 4 QOL patient-reported outcome measurements from a clinical perspective. Results: Two of the participants were faculty at the New Zealand College of Chiropractic, 5 were in full-time practice, and 1 was practicing part time. Using qualitative content analysis, 3 main themes were identified. These chiropractors perceived that patients have misconceptions about how chiropractic can affect QOL. They lacked clarity in communicating QOL and its related concepts to establish a clinically meaningful patient encounter. Finally, there is uncertainty in how and when to measure QOL, which appears to affect how they discuss and assess QOL in practice. Conclusion: There is a complex combination of factors that makes communication regarding QOL challenging. This exploratory qualitative study helps to understand the challenges faced in how and when to communicate and assess QOL more effectively in chiropractic practice. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2019;42:480-491)
In many high-income countries including Aotearoa/New Zealand, the search for a ‘magic bullet’ to ... more In many high-income countries including Aotearoa/New Zealand, the search for a ‘magic bullet’ to eliminate TB has intensified following the introduction of the WHO’s post-2015 TB strategy, “Towards TB elimination”. The new strategy requires low-incidence countries, defined as countries reporting less than 100 cases per 1,000,000 population to achieve pre-elimination (defined as less than 10 TB cases, all forms, per 1,000,000 population) by 2035 and subsequent elimination (defined as less than 1 TB case, all forms, per 1,000,000 population) by 2050. While these targets are bold, New Zealand remains far from achieving them. For instance, it has been estimated that an annual rate of decline of about 11% is required to achieve elimination by 2050, which is over three times the rate of decline (3.8%) observed between 2000 to 2012.1
Self-Perceived Problematic Porn Use (SPPPU) refers to an individual who self-identifies as addict... more Self-Perceived Problematic Porn Use (SPPPU) refers to an individual who self-identifies as addicted to porn because they feel they are unable to regulate their porn consumption, and that use interferes with everyday life. Although porn addiction has not been formally classified as its own distinct behavioral addiction, therapists and clinicians are advised to educate themselves on the current state of literature pertaining to pornography consumption given the widespread availability and consumption of sexually explicit material online. This review article begins with a general overview of pornography and porn use so that therapists and researchers can discern between non-intrusive and problematic pornography consumption patterns within their practice and understand the common characteristics of those that most commonly present with SPPPU. Thereafter, an overview and examination of therapeutic interventions for SPPPU will be identified and analysed. Finally, the review concludes with recommendations for therapists, clinicians, and future research.
Self-perceived problematic pornography use (SPPPU) has recently become an important area for sexu... more Self-perceived problematic pornography use (SPPPU) has recently become an important area for sexual addiction and compulsivity research. Heterosexual men with SPPPU report a lack of supportive or available treatment options. In this article, we report on six cases of men with SPPPU as they underwent a mindfulness-based intervention program. The aim of the article is to offer greater insights into the men’s individual, subjective, and reflective experiences during the intervention. The study applied a mixed research methodology that utilized interviews, daily logging spreadsheets, diaries, and prerecorded guided meditations. Results suggest that intervention design and setting can significantly impact the efficacy of interventions aimed at addressing SPPPU, independent of the specific intervention utilized. Results suggest that self-acceptance and acceptance of pornography use may represent intervention goals that are more realistic, practical, and attainable than abstinence. Additional findings are discussed. This article contributes to filling a research gap related to identifying and discussing the various contextual aspects of what represents successful intervention processes and outcomes for men with SPPPU, as well as the challenges that men face as they work through SPPPU.
The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of meditation as an intervention for porno... more The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of meditation as an intervention for pornography viewing for men who identify with self-perceived problematic pornography use (SPPPU). A series of randomized, multiple baseline (across subjects) single-case studies are reported in accordance with accepted guidelines (SCRIBE). Twelve males with SPPPU participated in a 12-week AB design with a single intervention condition: twice-daily guided meditations delivered via audio recordings. Eleven participants completed the study. They logged daily pornography viewing throughout and filled out the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS) at intake and post-study. Post-study interviews provided important explanatory data for outcome measures. Although TAU-U calculations for data trends showed that TAU-U values were all in the expected direction, only results from two participants indicated meditation as a statistically effective intervention. The baseline trends in the expected direction were likely the result of participants logging their daily pornography use for the first timethus representing a significant deviation from pre-intervention 'life as usual'an effect that was not considered at the time of study design. Interview data provided support and evidence for meditation as the reason for reduced SPPPU, specifically due to the perceived impacts participants experienced related to decreased rumination, improved self-acceptance, and decreased experiences of guilt and shame that typically followed pornography viewing. PPCS results indicated that measures had significantly improved for seven out of the eleven participants who completed the study. This study shows encouragingbut inconclusiveresults on meditation as a potentially effective intervention for SPPPU. Further studies would benefit from addressing research limitations.
Rape, sexual coercion, and sexual compliance within marriage are major components of gender-based... more Rape, sexual coercion, and sexual compliance within marriage are major components of gender-based violence globally. This article examines a range of non-consensual sexual experiences within heterosexual marriage in Aoral and Thpong districts in Kampong Speu, Cambodia. Interviews were conducted with 11 married women and thematically analyzed from a critical realist and feminist perspective. Four categories of non-consensual sex were identified and analyzed (rape/forced sex, sexual coercion, sexual compliance, and internalized pressure). These are discussed in detail, alongside the need for educational efforts that disrupt traditional gender norms that create a context conducive to women’s non-consensual sex in Cambodia.
Historic, systemic, and institutional oppression has created various forms of inequality that are... more Historic, systemic, and institutional oppression has created various forms of inequality that are of urgent interest to critical psychologists. One area of continued concern is the use of Western, ...
From 1989 to 2014, Iran was known as a country with a successful family planning programme, and h... more From 1989 to 2014, Iran was known as a country with a successful family planning programme, and has experienced a sharp decline in fertility over recent decades. This led to the introduction of pronatalist policies in 2014 and the restriction of family planning services. The aim of this study was to explore men’s views on their access to contraceptive information and services and the socio-cultural barriers to such access in Tehran. The qualitative study was conducted in 2014 using in-depth interviews with 60 married men of varying ages and socioeconomic status from across Tehran. The data were analysed with a basic interpretive approach using MAXQDA10. Although the majority of the men acknowledged the importance of family planning and contraceptive use, they reported that their access to contraceptive information and services was limited. Discussion of sexual matters and contraception among men was identified as being somewhat embarrassing. Three main issues were identified: (1) me...
Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 2020
Since the inception of the chiropractic profession, debate has continued on differing practice ob... more Since the inception of the chiropractic profession, debate has continued on differing practice objectives and philosophical approaches to patient care. While the political and academic leaders of the profession continue to dominate the discourse, little is known on the perspectives of the everyday practising chiropractor on their professional identity. In this paper, professional identity within the profession of chiropractic was evaluated using a systematised search strategy of the literature from the year 2000 through to May 2019. Initially 562 articles were sourced, of which 24 met the criteria for review. The review confirmed three previously stated professional identity subgroups; two polarised approaches and a centrist or mixed view. The musculoskeletal biomedical approach is in contrast to the vertebral subluxation vitalistic practice approach. Whilst these three main chiropractic identity subtypes exist, within the literature the terminology used to describe them differs. Research aimed at categorising the chiropractic profession identity into exclusive subtypes found that at least 20% of chiropractors have an exclusive vertebral subluxation focus. However, deeper exploration of the literature shows that vertebral subluxation is an important practice consideration for up to 70% of chiropractors. Patient care with a musculoskeletal spine focus is dominant in clinical practice. This review found that practising chiropractors consider themselves to be primary care or primary contact practitioners with a broad scope of practice across a number of patient groups not limited to musculoskeletal management. Across the research, there is a marked difference in the categories of practice objectives evaluated, and future research could examine the relatedness of these. Additionally, future research could explore the professional identity construct over time and within different practice contexts to help facilitate the progression of the profession.
Representations and talk of casual sex have become commonplace in contemporary western culture. H... more Representations and talk of casual sex have become commonplace in contemporary western culture. However, research has rarely approached casual sex as an ‘object’ of analysis in its own right. In this thesis, I report on an in-depth critical analysis of heterosexual casual sex from a feminist social constructionist theoretical perspective. Much of the previous research on casual sex has been conducted from a positivist epistemology, taken a ‘risk-reduction’ approach to, and often deployed quantitative methods that do not allow for a more critical and contextualised account of casual sex. My research aims to provide an in-depth exploration of heterosexual casual sex that is historically cogent, contextually situated, as well as psychologically informed. I take into consideration sociocultural accounts of casual sex alongside people’s personal narratives of casual sex. This thesis is divided into three parts. In Part One, I conduct two extensive literature reviews ‘locating’ heterosexu...
This chapter covers the following topics:
• Psychology and research
• Key themes
• Learned behavi... more This chapter covers the following topics: • Psychology and research • Key themes • Learned behaviour • The developmental • How is psychological research carried out? • Evaluating psychological research
Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 2018
Synonyms: The sexual double standard, sexual injustice, sexism. Definition: A form of sexism wher... more Synonyms: The sexual double standard, sexual injustice, sexism. Definition: A form of sexism where men and women are judged differently for engaging in the same sexual behavior (with women carrying the stigma).
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 2019
Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding on what quality of life (QOL) a... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding on what quality of life (QOL) and its assessment means to chiropractors in everyday practice. Methods: This study captured chiropractors' perspectives on the QOL construct and its assessment using a qualitative descriptive methodology that comprised 2 focus groups, each with 4 participants using semi-structured, open-ended questioning. Participants from Aotearoa, New Zealand, were also asked to evaluate 4 QOL patient-reported outcome measurements from a clinical perspective. Results: Two of the participants were faculty at the New Zealand College of Chiropractic, 5 were in full-time practice, and 1 was practicing part time. Using qualitative content analysis, 3 main themes were identified. These chiropractors perceived that patients have misconceptions about how chiropractic can affect QOL. They lacked clarity in communicating QOL and its related concepts to establish a clinically meaningful patient encounter. Finally, there is uncertainty in how and when to measure QOL, which appears to affect how they discuss and assess QOL in practice. Conclusion: There is a complex combination of factors that makes communication regarding QOL challenging. This exploratory qualitative study helps to understand the challenges faced in how and when to communicate and assess QOL more effectively in chiropractic practice. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2019;42:480-491)
In many high-income countries including Aotearoa/New Zealand, the search for a ‘magic bullet’ to ... more In many high-income countries including Aotearoa/New Zealand, the search for a ‘magic bullet’ to eliminate TB has intensified following the introduction of the WHO’s post-2015 TB strategy, “Towards TB elimination”. The new strategy requires low-incidence countries, defined as countries reporting less than 100 cases per 1,000,000 population to achieve pre-elimination (defined as less than 10 TB cases, all forms, per 1,000,000 population) by 2035 and subsequent elimination (defined as less than 1 TB case, all forms, per 1,000,000 population) by 2050. While these targets are bold, New Zealand remains far from achieving them. For instance, it has been estimated that an annual rate of decline of about 11% is required to achieve elimination by 2050, which is over three times the rate of decline (3.8%) observed between 2000 to 2012.1
Self-Perceived Problematic Porn Use (SPPPU) refers to an individual who self-identifies as addict... more Self-Perceived Problematic Porn Use (SPPPU) refers to an individual who self-identifies as addicted to porn because they feel they are unable to regulate their porn consumption, and that use interferes with everyday life. Although porn addiction has not been formally classified as its own distinct behavioral addiction, therapists and clinicians are advised to educate themselves on the current state of literature pertaining to pornography consumption given the widespread availability and consumption of sexually explicit material online. This review article begins with a general overview of pornography and porn use so that therapists and researchers can discern between non-intrusive and problematic pornography consumption patterns within their practice and understand the common characteristics of those that most commonly present with SPPPU. Thereafter, an overview and examination of therapeutic interventions for SPPPU will be identified and analysed. Finally, the review concludes with recommendations for therapists, clinicians, and future research.
Self-perceived problematic pornography use (SPPPU) has recently become an important area for sexu... more Self-perceived problematic pornography use (SPPPU) has recently become an important area for sexual addiction and compulsivity research. Heterosexual men with SPPPU report a lack of supportive or available treatment options. In this article, we report on six cases of men with SPPPU as they underwent a mindfulness-based intervention program. The aim of the article is to offer greater insights into the men’s individual, subjective, and reflective experiences during the intervention. The study applied a mixed research methodology that utilized interviews, daily logging spreadsheets, diaries, and prerecorded guided meditations. Results suggest that intervention design and setting can significantly impact the efficacy of interventions aimed at addressing SPPPU, independent of the specific intervention utilized. Results suggest that self-acceptance and acceptance of pornography use may represent intervention goals that are more realistic, practical, and attainable than abstinence. Additional findings are discussed. This article contributes to filling a research gap related to identifying and discussing the various contextual aspects of what represents successful intervention processes and outcomes for men with SPPPU, as well as the challenges that men face as they work through SPPPU.
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Papers by Panteá Farvid
• Psychology and research
• Key themes
• Learned behaviour
• The developmental
• How is psychological research carried out?
• Evaluating psychological research
intensified following the introduction of the WHO’s post-2015 TB strategy, “Towards TB elimination”. The new strategy requires low-incidence countries, defined as countries reporting less than 100 cases per
1,000,000 population to achieve pre-elimination (defined as less than 10 TB cases, all forms, per 1,000,000 population) by 2035 and subsequent elimination (defined as less than 1 TB case, all forms, per 1,000,000
population) by 2050. While these targets are bold, New Zealand remains far from achieving them. For instance, it has been estimated that an annual rate of decline of about 11% is required to achieve elimination by 2050,
which is over three times the rate of decline (3.8%) observed between 2000 to 2012.1
Although porn addiction has not been formally classified as its own distinct behavioral addiction, therapists and clinicians are advised to educate themselves on the current state of literature pertaining to pornography consumption given the widespread availability and consumption of sexually explicit material online. This review article begins with a general overview of pornography and porn use so that therapists and researchers can
discern between non-intrusive and problematic pornography consumption patterns within their practice and understand the common characteristics of those that most commonly present with SPPPU. Thereafter, an
overview and examination of therapeutic interventions for SPPPU will be identified and analysed. Finally, the review concludes with recommendations for therapists, clinicians, and future research.
subjective, and reflective experiences during the intervention. The study applied a mixed research methodology that utilized interviews, daily logging spreadsheets, diaries, and prerecorded guided meditations. Results suggest that intervention design and setting can significantly impact the efficacy of interventions aimed at addressing SPPPU, independent of the
specific intervention utilized. Results suggest that self-acceptance and acceptance of pornography use may represent intervention goals that are more realistic, practical, and attainable than abstinence. Additional findings are discussed. This article contributes to filling a research gap related to identifying and discussing the various contextual aspects of what represents successful intervention processes and outcomes for men with
SPPPU, as well as the challenges that men face as they work
through SPPPU.
• Psychology and research
• Key themes
• Learned behaviour
• The developmental
• How is psychological research carried out?
• Evaluating psychological research
intensified following the introduction of the WHO’s post-2015 TB strategy, “Towards TB elimination”. The new strategy requires low-incidence countries, defined as countries reporting less than 100 cases per
1,000,000 population to achieve pre-elimination (defined as less than 10 TB cases, all forms, per 1,000,000 population) by 2035 and subsequent elimination (defined as less than 1 TB case, all forms, per 1,000,000
population) by 2050. While these targets are bold, New Zealand remains far from achieving them. For instance, it has been estimated that an annual rate of decline of about 11% is required to achieve elimination by 2050,
which is over three times the rate of decline (3.8%) observed between 2000 to 2012.1
Although porn addiction has not been formally classified as its own distinct behavioral addiction, therapists and clinicians are advised to educate themselves on the current state of literature pertaining to pornography consumption given the widespread availability and consumption of sexually explicit material online. This review article begins with a general overview of pornography and porn use so that therapists and researchers can
discern between non-intrusive and problematic pornography consumption patterns within their practice and understand the common characteristics of those that most commonly present with SPPPU. Thereafter, an
overview and examination of therapeutic interventions for SPPPU will be identified and analysed. Finally, the review concludes with recommendations for therapists, clinicians, and future research.
subjective, and reflective experiences during the intervention. The study applied a mixed research methodology that utilized interviews, daily logging spreadsheets, diaries, and prerecorded guided meditations. Results suggest that intervention design and setting can significantly impact the efficacy of interventions aimed at addressing SPPPU, independent of the
specific intervention utilized. Results suggest that self-acceptance and acceptance of pornography use may represent intervention goals that are more realistic, practical, and attainable than abstinence. Additional findings are discussed. This article contributes to filling a research gap related to identifying and discussing the various contextual aspects of what represents successful intervention processes and outcomes for men with
SPPPU, as well as the challenges that men face as they work
through SPPPU.