Stromatoporoid sponges were very abundant during the middle Palaeozoic Era and are thought to dis... more Stromatoporoid sponges were very abundant during the middle Palaeozoic Era and are thought to disappear at the end of the Devonian Period in the Hangenberg Crisis. However, there are records of organisms with stromatoporoid-type structure in Carboniferous strata, the subject of this study. The Viséan fossil Labechia carbonaria Smith 1932 has been discussed previously in literature and its affinity has not been confirmed. In this study, the type material of L. carbonaria collected from the middle part of the Frizington Limestone Formation (previously called Seventh Limestone), Holkerian Substage, stored in the Natural History Museum (London, UK) and British Geological Survey (Keyworth, UK) was re-examined. The Holkerian Substage, in which L. carbonaria was found, lies between ca 335–339 Ma, and the Frizington Limestone Formation ranges from topmost Arundian to upper Holkerian, so middle Frizington Limestone Formation is likely approximately 337 Ma. L. carbonaria comprises thick long ...
This paper presents a quantitative and detailed description of the Fossil Lithistida Collection i... more This paper presents a quantitative and detailed description of the Fossil Lithistida Collection in the Natural History Museum, London. This collection started to be built with the first fossil sponges from the Cretaceous of Wiltshire, collected by William Smith in 1816 and 1818 for the first geological map of England. The latest specimen to enter the collection was collected from the Permo-Carboniferous of Norway by Angela Milner, a researcher at the Museum, in 2000. Although they are mostly from the Cretaceous of England, lithistids are represented from the Cambrian to Cenozoic of England. This makes this collection key for studying this group. Lithistid study will help with understanding of biosilicification evolution in sponges to unlock the changing patterns in the silica cycle in the oceans through geological time. A dataset with information about all the Fossil Lithistida Collection is available through the NHM Data Portal and Suppl. material 1. This dataset includes taxonomic...
ABSTRACTIncreasing current interest in sponge fossils includes numerous reports of diverse vermic... more ABSTRACTIncreasing current interest in sponge fossils includes numerous reports of diverse vermicular and peloidal structures interpreted as keratose sponges in Neoproterozoic to Mesozoic carbonates and in various open marine to peritidal and restricted settings. Reports of their occurrence are fundamental and far-reaching for understanding microfacies and diagenesis where they occur; and fossil biotic assemblages, as well as wider aspects of origins of animals, sponge evolution/ecology and the systemic recovery from mass extinctions. Keratose sponges: 1) have elaborate spongin skeletons but no spicules, thus lack mineral parts and therefore have poor preservation potential so that determining their presence in rocks requires interpretation; and 2) are presented in publications as interpreted fossil structures almost entirely in two-dimensional (thin section) studies, where structures claimed as sponges comprise diverse layered, network, particulate and amalgamated fabrics involving...
The present work describes the collection of conulariids in the Natural History Museum, London, w... more The present work describes the collection of conulariids in the Natural History Museum, London, with sections on the history of the collection, its stratigraphic and geographical distribution, and its taxonomic diversity and abundance. Determinations of 753 out of 1131 specimens in the collection have been revised and all associated information has been catalogued. We conclude that this is the most important collection of conulariids, scyphozoan cnidarians with conical, phosphatic skeletons, in the world.
This dataset contains a selection of reliable data from the main Late Miocene and Early Pliocene ... more This dataset contains a selection of reliable data from the main Late Miocene and Early Pliocene marine sites of paleontological and paleoclimatic interest from the Canary Islands, Spain. There are three sections: (1) Topographical location of the selected sites, in terms of UTM coordinates and heights (m), above present sea level (APSL); (2) geology and radiometric ages, including a short geological description of the marine deposits, their radiometric ages and dating methods; (3) paleontology and paleoclimate, with a summary of the main fossil fauna, species and/or subspecies, collected from the sites and properly classified in accordance with the systematic paleontology; and an interpretation of the paleoclimatic conditions at the time the fossils lived and were deposited. Moreover, when available, values of SST (Sea Surface Temperature) have been also calculated (or estimated). Each section is presented with their available scientific source(s).
This data set contains a selection of reliable data from the main MIS (Marine Isotope Stage) 11 m... more This data set contains a selection of reliable data from the main MIS (Marine Isotope Stage) 11 marine sites of paleontological and paleoclimatic interest from the Canary Islands, Spain. There are three sections: (1) Topographical Location of the selected sites, in terms of UTM coordinates and Heights (m), above the present medium sea level (a.p.s.l.); (2) Geology and Radiometric ages, including a short geological description of the marine deposits, their radiometric ages and dating methods; (3) Paleontology and Paleoclimate, with a summary of the main fossil fauna, species and/or subspecies, collected from the sites and properly classified in accordance with the Systematic Paleontology; and an interpretation of the paleoclimatic conditions at the time the fossils lived and were deposited. Moreover, when available, values of SST (Sea Surface Temperature) have been also calculated (or estimated). Each section is presented with their available scientific source(s).
FIG. 6. — Reworked Ordovician conulariids from the Triassic Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds Format... more FIG. 6. — Reworked Ordovician conulariids from the Triassic Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds Formation, Devon: A, B, Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837) (NHMUK PI G15294); C, D, conulariid indet. (NHMUK PI G15295); E, F, part and counterpart of conulariid indet., probably a juvenile individual of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15287); G, fragment of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15288); H, I, conulariid indet., probably a juvenile individual of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15289); J, K, conulariid indet., probably a juvenile individual of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15290); L, conulariid indet. (NHMUK PI G15291); M, conulariid indet., probably a juvenile individual of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15292); N, O, M.? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837) (NHMUK PI G15293). Scale bars: 10 mm.
FIG. 4. — Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837) from the Upper Ordovician Grès de May of May-su... more FIG. 4. — Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837) from the Upper Ordovician Grès de May of May-sur-Orne, Normandy: Harvard, Bronn collection: A-D, lectotype, MCZ16028; E-H, plaster cast, MCZ16029; I, J, plaster cast MCZ (no number). Scale bars: 10 mm.
Stromatoporoid sponges were very abundant during the middle Palaeozoic Era and are thought to dis... more Stromatoporoid sponges were very abundant during the middle Palaeozoic Era and are thought to disappear at the end of the Devonian Period in the Hangenberg Crisis. However, there are records of organisms with stromatoporoid-type structure in Carboniferous strata, the subject of this study. The Viséan fossil Labechia carbonaria Smith 1932 has been discussed previously in literature and its affinity has not been confirmed. In this study, the type material of L. carbonaria collected from the middle part of the Frizington Limestone Formation (previously called Seventh Limestone), Holkerian Substage, stored in the Natural History Museum (London, UK) and British Geological Survey (Keyworth, UK) was re-examined. The Holkerian Substage, in which L. carbonaria was found, lies between ca 335–339 Ma, and the Frizington Limestone Formation ranges from topmost Arundian to upper Holkerian, so middle Frizington Limestone Formation is likely approximately 337 Ma. L. carbonaria comprises thick long ...
This paper presents a quantitative and detailed description of the Fossil Lithistida Collection i... more This paper presents a quantitative and detailed description of the Fossil Lithistida Collection in the Natural History Museum, London. This collection started to be built with the first fossil sponges from the Cretaceous of Wiltshire, collected by William Smith in 1816 and 1818 for the first geological map of England. The latest specimen to enter the collection was collected from the Permo-Carboniferous of Norway by Angela Milner, a researcher at the Museum, in 2000. Although they are mostly from the Cretaceous of England, lithistids are represented from the Cambrian to Cenozoic of England. This makes this collection key for studying this group. Lithistid study will help with understanding of biosilicification evolution in sponges to unlock the changing patterns in the silica cycle in the oceans through geological time. A dataset with information about all the Fossil Lithistida Collection is available through the NHM Data Portal and Suppl. material 1. This dataset includes taxonomic...
ABSTRACTIncreasing current interest in sponge fossils includes numerous reports of diverse vermic... more ABSTRACTIncreasing current interest in sponge fossils includes numerous reports of diverse vermicular and peloidal structures interpreted as keratose sponges in Neoproterozoic to Mesozoic carbonates and in various open marine to peritidal and restricted settings. Reports of their occurrence are fundamental and far-reaching for understanding microfacies and diagenesis where they occur; and fossil biotic assemblages, as well as wider aspects of origins of animals, sponge evolution/ecology and the systemic recovery from mass extinctions. Keratose sponges: 1) have elaborate spongin skeletons but no spicules, thus lack mineral parts and therefore have poor preservation potential so that determining their presence in rocks requires interpretation; and 2) are presented in publications as interpreted fossil structures almost entirely in two-dimensional (thin section) studies, where structures claimed as sponges comprise diverse layered, network, particulate and amalgamated fabrics involving...
The present work describes the collection of conulariids in the Natural History Museum, London, w... more The present work describes the collection of conulariids in the Natural History Museum, London, with sections on the history of the collection, its stratigraphic and geographical distribution, and its taxonomic diversity and abundance. Determinations of 753 out of 1131 specimens in the collection have been revised and all associated information has been catalogued. We conclude that this is the most important collection of conulariids, scyphozoan cnidarians with conical, phosphatic skeletons, in the world.
This dataset contains a selection of reliable data from the main Late Miocene and Early Pliocene ... more This dataset contains a selection of reliable data from the main Late Miocene and Early Pliocene marine sites of paleontological and paleoclimatic interest from the Canary Islands, Spain. There are three sections: (1) Topographical location of the selected sites, in terms of UTM coordinates and heights (m), above present sea level (APSL); (2) geology and radiometric ages, including a short geological description of the marine deposits, their radiometric ages and dating methods; (3) paleontology and paleoclimate, with a summary of the main fossil fauna, species and/or subspecies, collected from the sites and properly classified in accordance with the systematic paleontology; and an interpretation of the paleoclimatic conditions at the time the fossils lived and were deposited. Moreover, when available, values of SST (Sea Surface Temperature) have been also calculated (or estimated). Each section is presented with their available scientific source(s).
This data set contains a selection of reliable data from the main MIS (Marine Isotope Stage) 11 m... more This data set contains a selection of reliable data from the main MIS (Marine Isotope Stage) 11 marine sites of paleontological and paleoclimatic interest from the Canary Islands, Spain. There are three sections: (1) Topographical Location of the selected sites, in terms of UTM coordinates and Heights (m), above the present medium sea level (a.p.s.l.); (2) Geology and Radiometric ages, including a short geological description of the marine deposits, their radiometric ages and dating methods; (3) Paleontology and Paleoclimate, with a summary of the main fossil fauna, species and/or subspecies, collected from the sites and properly classified in accordance with the Systematic Paleontology; and an interpretation of the paleoclimatic conditions at the time the fossils lived and were deposited. Moreover, when available, values of SST (Sea Surface Temperature) have been also calculated (or estimated). Each section is presented with their available scientific source(s).
FIG. 6. — Reworked Ordovician conulariids from the Triassic Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds Format... more FIG. 6. — Reworked Ordovician conulariids from the Triassic Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds Formation, Devon: A, B, Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837) (NHMUK PI G15294); C, D, conulariid indet. (NHMUK PI G15295); E, F, part and counterpart of conulariid indet., probably a juvenile individual of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15287); G, fragment of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15288); H, I, conulariid indet., probably a juvenile individual of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15289); J, K, conulariid indet., probably a juvenile individual of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15290); L, conulariid indet. (NHMUK PI G15291); M, conulariid indet., probably a juvenile individual of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15292); N, O, M.? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837) (NHMUK PI G15293). Scale bars: 10 mm.
FIG. 4. — Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837) from the Upper Ordovician Grès de May of May-su... more FIG. 4. — Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837) from the Upper Ordovician Grès de May of May-sur-Orne, Normandy: Harvard, Bronn collection: A-D, lectotype, MCZ16028; E-H, plaster cast, MCZ16029; I, J, plaster cast MCZ (no number). Scale bars: 10 mm.
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