Lijst van politieke partijen in Israël

Deze pagina bevat een onvolledige lijst met politieke partijen in Israël.

Het Israëlische politieke systeem kent op basis van evenredige vertegenwoordiging, net zoals Nederland en België, een meerpartijenstelsel. Het Israëlische parlement, de Knesset, bevat 120 zetels.

In de Knesset zijn meerdere partijen vertegenwoordigd. Dit komt door de lage verkiezingsdrempel die vereist is voor een zetel: 1 procent van de stemmen van 1949 tot 1992, 1,5 procent van 1992 tot 2003, 2 procent van 2003 tot 2014 en 3,25 procent sinds 2015. Zo zijn er in de verkiezingen van 2015 tien partijen of allianties die de drempel hebben gehaald, vijf ervan hebben minimaal tien zetels behaald. De lage drempel, in combinatie met het landelijke partijlijstsysteem, maakt het voor een enkele partij vrijwel onmogelijk om de 61 zetels te winnen die nodig zijn voor een meerderheidsregering. Geen enkele partij heeft ooit de meerderheid van zetels gehaald bij een verkiezing. De grootste overwinning van een partij was 56 zetels, verkregen door de Alignment-partij.

Huidige partijen

Partijen vertegenwoordigd in de Knesset

Na de verkiezingen van maart 2020 zijn de volgende partijen vertegenwoordigd:

Partij	Leider	Zetels	Ideologie
Likoed	Benjamin Netanyahu	36	Nationaal-conservatisme Nationaal-liberalisme^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Economisch liberalisme Facties: Rechtspopulisme^[5]^[6]^[7] Revisionistisch zionisme^[8]^[9] Liberaal-conservatisme^[10]
Yesh Atid-Telem 1)	Yair Lapid, Moshe Ya'alon	16	Liberalisme^[11]Progressief liberalisme^[12]^[13] Liberaalzionisme^[14] Tweestatenoplossing Liberaal-conservatisme
Blauw en Wit 1)	Benny Gantz	15	Zionisme^[15]Liberalisme Progressief liberalisme Milieuactivisme Tweestatenoplossing
Gezamenlijke Lijst	Ayman Odeh	15	Big tent-partij Arabisch-Israëlisch Tweestatenoplossing Antizionistisch
Shas	Aryeh Deri	9	Religieus conservatisme Neokapitalisme Populisme^[16] Sefardisch-charedisch Mizrachi-joodse ultraorthodoxe belangen
Verenigd Torah-Jodendom	Yaakov Litzman	7	Charedisch jodendom Chassidisch jodendom Orthodoxe Halacha Religieus conservatisme Zionisme
Yisrael Beiteinu	Avigdor Lieberman	7	Revisionistisch zionisme^[17] Economisch liberalisme^[18]^[19]^[20] Nationalisme Secularisme Het Liebermanplan Belangen van Russische Israëliërs^[21] Rechtspopulisme
Yamina	Naftali Bennett	6	Religieus nationalisme
Israëlische Arbeidspartij	Amir Peretz	3	Sociaaldemocratie Derde Weg Socialistischzionisme Tweestatenoplossing^[22]^[23]^[24]
Meretz	Tamar Zandberg	3	Sociaaldemocratie Socialistischzionisme Secularisme Groene politiek^[25] Tweestatenoplossing
Derekh Eretz	Yoaz Hendel, Zvi Hauser	2	Economisch liberalisme Nationaal-liberalisme
Gesher	Orly Levy	1	Sociaal liberalisme

1) De twee partijleiders van Blauw en Wit, Yair Lapid van Yesh Atid en Moshe Ya'alon van Telem, waren het niet eens met de beslissing van Benny Gantz om een coalitie met Benjamin Netanyahu te vormen en doen er niet aan mee. De lijst Blauw en Wit valt weer uit elkaar in drie partijen. Op 29 maart telde de fractie Yesh Atid-Telem daardoor zestien Knesset-leden, de fractie Blauw en Wit van Benny Gantz vijftien en Derech Eretz twee.

Andere partijen

De volgende partijen hebben momenteel geen zetels in de Knesset:

Ahrayut
Ale Yarok
Ben Shalem
Bijbelblok (Gush HaTanachi)
Brit Olam
Da'am Arbeiderspartij, Organisatie voor Democratische Actie
Dor
Eretz Hadasha
HaYisraelim
Kadima (zetels van 2005 tot 2015)
Koah HaKesef
Koah LeHashpi'a
Lazuz
Leider
Lehem
Lev LaOlim
Rechten van de Mens in de Familiepartij
Magen Yisrael ( Schild van Israël )
Meemad (bezat zetels tussen 1999 en 2009 als onderdeel van de One Israel alliantie)
Nieuwe Horizon
Nieuw Rechts
Or
Otzma Yehudit (bekleedde zetels tussen 2012 en 2013 nadat hij zich had losgemaakt van de Nationale Unie, daarna onder de naam Otzma LeYisrael ; liep niet succesvol als onderdeel van de Yachad- lijst bij de verkiezingen van 2015)
Piratim (De Piratenpartij van Israël)
Ihud Bnei HaBrit (Verenigde Geallieerden)
De Groenen
Telem^[26]
Tzomet (zetels gehouden tussen 1987 en 1999; in 1996 vormden de verkiezingen een gezamenlijke "National Camp List" met de Likud en Gesher )
U'Bizchutan — opgericht in 2015 als een ultraorthodoxe joodse vrouwenpartij^[27]
Yachad
Yisrael Hazaka
Yisrael HaMithadeshet
Zehut
Noam

Voormalige partijen

Referenties

↑ Daniel Tauber, Ze'ev Jabotinsky (1880–1940). Likud Anglos (13 August 2010). Gearchiveerd op 22 February 2011. “Jabotinsky's movement and teachings, which can be characterized as national-liberalism, form the foundation of the Likud party.”
↑ McGann, James G. (2005). Comparative Think Tanks, Politics and Public Policy. Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 241. ISBN 9781781958995 "The Likud Party, the party of Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, is a national-liberal party, while the Labor Party, led by Shimon Peres, is more left-wing and identified as social-democratic."
↑ Israel - Political Parties. GlobalSecurity.org (12 april 2014). Geraadpleegd op 26 January 2015. “The two main political parties—Likud, essentially national-liberal and Labor, essentially social-democratic—have historical roots and traditions pre-dating the establishment of the State in 1948.”
↑ "Meet the parties - Likud", Haaretz, 2015. Gearchiveerd op 16 mei 2019. Geraadpleegd op 1 March 2015. “A national-liberal political movement (center-right, in Israeli terms) that was established as an alliance of parties that united into a single party in 1984.”
↑ Langford, Barry (2017). All Together Now. Biteback Publishing "Netanyahu, leader of the right-wing populist party Likud, ran for re-election"
↑ Being Israeli: The Dynamics of Multiple Citizenship. Cambridge University Press (2002), 30 "The resentment of these two social sectors, coupled with the new elite's incompetence, enabled the right-wing, populist Likud to take over in 1977."
↑ "How Tali and her friendly assassin united Israel", Sydney Morning Herald, 11 september 2004. “She was brought up by a hard-working Moroccan Jewish mother in the poor southern town of Kiryat Gat, a heartland of the right-wing populist Likud party.”
↑ Joel Greenberg, "The World: Pursuing Peace; Netanyahu and His Party Turn Away from 'Greater Israel'", The New York Times, 22 november 1998. Geraadpleegd op 30 June 2015. “Likud, despite defections, had joined Labor in accepting the inevitability of territorial compromise.... Revolutionary as it may seem, Likud's abandonment of its maximalist vision has in fact been evolving for years.”
↑ Ethan Bronner, "Netanyahu, Once Hawkish, Now Touts Pragmatism", The New York Times, 20 February 2009. Geraadpleegd op 30 June 2015. “Likud as a party has made a major transformation in the last 15 years from being rigidly committed to retaining all the land of Israel to looking pragmatically at how to retain for Israel defensible borders in a very uncertain Middle East....”
↑ Amnon Rapoport (1990). Experimental Studies of Interactive Decisions. Kluwer Academic, 413. ISBN 0792306856 "Likud is a liberal-conservative party that gains much of its support from the lower and middle classes, and promotes free enterprise, nationalism, and expansionism."
↑ Birkenstock, Günther, "Yair Lapid, the big winner in Israel's elections", Deutsche Welle, 24 January 2013. Gearchiveerd op 27 januari 2013. Geraadpleegd op 26 January 2013.
↑ Evans, Judith, "Israeli election: Live Report", Yahoo! News Singapore, 23 January 2013. Gearchiveerd op 3 februari 2016. Geraadpleegd op 14 June 2015.
↑ Editorial, "A capitalist government", The Jerusalem Post, 17 March 2013. Geraadpleegd op 2 February 2015.
↑ Carlo Strenger, "Israel today: a society without a center", Haaretz, 7 March 2014. Gearchiveerd op 12 juni 2015. Geraadpleegd op 14 June 2015.
↑ Ex-Israeli Army Chief Benny Gantz, Considered Top Netanyahu Challenger, Launches Political Party. JNS (27 december 2018). Gearchiveerd op 18 januari 2024.
↑ Dani Filc (2010). The Political Right in Israel: Different Faces of Jewish Populism. Routledge, pp. 79. ISBN 978-0415488303.
↑ Bringing the Zionist Dream to Life. yisraelbeytenu.com. Gearchiveerd op 8 november 2006. Geraadpleegd op 5 July 2015.
↑ "Yisrael Beiteinu supports the advancement of free-market economic policies". Jewish Virtual Library. Geraadpleegd op 25 april 2010.
↑ Khanin, Vladimir (Ze'ev) (2008). Contemporary Israel: Domestic Politics, Foreign Policy and Security Challenges. Westview Press, "Israel's "Russian" Parties", pp. 165. ISBN 978-0813343853.
↑ Arieff, Irwin (2011). Issues in Peace and Conflict Studies: Selections From CQ Researcher. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, Calif.. DOI:10.4135/9781483349244.n8, "Middle East Peace Prospects: Is There Any Hope for Long-Term Peace", 217. ISBN 9781412992916.
↑ Jim Zanotti, Israel: Background and U.S. Relations (PDF). Congressional Research Service (1 June 2015). Geraadpleegd op 25 april 2010.
↑ "Guide to Israel's political parties", BBC News, 21 January 2013. Geraadpleegd op 28 June 2015.
↑ Ishaan Tharoor, "A guide to the political parties battling for Israel's future", The Washington Post, 14 March 2015. Geraadpleegd op 28 June 2015.
↑ Elshout, Jan (2011). It's a Myth That Israelis Support a Two-State Solution. Gearchiveerd op 16 december 2023. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (March 2011): 24 f.
↑ Melanie J. Wright (2013). Studying Judaism: The Critical Issues. A&C Black, pp. 49. ISBN 978-1-4725-3888-8. Geraadpleegd op 16 June 2015.
↑ Former defense chief Ya’alon launches new political party, Telem | The Times of Israel. www.timesofisrael.com. Gearchiveerd op 4 januari 2019. Geraadpleegd op 13 January 2019.
↑ Miriam Krule (21 January 2015). Ultra-Orthodox Women in Israel Launch Their Own Political Party. Slate

[1] Daniel Tauber, Ze'ev Jabotinsky (1880–1940). Likud Anglos (13 August 2010). Gearchiveerd op 22 February 2011. “Jabotinsky's movement and teachings, which can be characterized as national-liberalism, form the foundation of the Likud party.”

[2] McGann, James G. (2005). Comparative Think Tanks, Politics and Public Policy. Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 241. ISBN 9781781958995 "The Likud Party, the party of Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, is a national-liberal party, while the Labor Party, led by Shimon Peres, is more left-wing and identified as social-democratic."

[3] Israel - Political Parties. GlobalSecurity.org (12 april 2014). Geraadpleegd op 26 January 2015. “The two main political parties—Likud, essentially national-liberal and Labor, essentially social-democratic—have historical roots and traditions pre-dating the establishment of the State in 1948.”

[Election_2015-4] "Meet the parties - Likud", Haaretz, 2015. Gearchiveerd op 16 mei 2019. Geraadpleegd op 1 March 2015. “A national-liberal political movement (center-right, in Israeli terms) that was established as an alliance of parties that united into a single party in 1984.”

[5] Langford, Barry (2017). All Together Now. Biteback Publishing "Netanyahu, leader of the right-wing populist party Likud, ran for re-election"

[6] Being Israeli: The Dynamics of Multiple Citizenship. Cambridge University Press (2002), 30 "The resentment of these two social sectors, coupled with the new elite's incompetence, enabled the right-wing, populist Likud to take over in 1977."

[7] "How Tali and her friendly assassin united Israel", Sydney Morning Herald, 11 september 2004. “She was brought up by a hard-working Moroccan Jewish mother in the poor southern town of Kiryat Gat, a heartland of the right-wing populist Likud party.”

[nytimes1-8] Joel Greenberg, "The World: Pursuing Peace; Netanyahu and His Party Turn Away from 'Greater Israel'", The New York Times, 22 november 1998. Geraadpleegd op 30 June 2015. “Likud, despite defections, had joined Labor in accepting the inevitability of territorial compromise.... Revolutionary as it may seem, Likud's abandonment of its maximalist vision has in fact been evolving for years.”

[nytimes2-9] Ethan Bronner, "Netanyahu, Once Hawkish, Now Touts Pragmatism", The New York Times, 20 February 2009. Geraadpleegd op 30 June 2015. “Likud as a party has made a major transformation in the last 15 years from being rigidly committed to retaining all the land of Israel to looking pragmatically at how to retain for Israel defensible borders in a very uncertain Middle East....”

[10] Amnon Rapoport (1990). Experimental Studies of Interactive Decisions. Kluwer Academic, 413. ISBN 0792306856 "Likud is a liberal-conservative party that gains much of its support from the lower and middle classes, and promotes free enterprise, nationalism, and expansionism."

[DW-11] Birkenstock, Günther, "Yair Lapid, the big winner in Israel's elections", Deutsche Welle, 24 January 2013. Gearchiveerd op 27 januari 2013. Geraadpleegd op 26 January 2013.

[AFP-12] Evans, Judith, "Israeli election: Live Report", Yahoo! News Singapore, 23 January 2013. Gearchiveerd op 3 februari 2016. Geraadpleegd op 14 June 2015.

[13] Editorial, "A capitalist government", The Jerusalem Post, 17 March 2013. Geraadpleegd op 2 February 2015.

[14] Carlo Strenger, "Israel today: a society without a center", Haaretz, 7 March 2014. Gearchiveerd op 12 juni 2015. Geraadpleegd op 14 June 2015.

[auto-15] Ex-Israeli Army Chief Benny Gantz, Considered Top Netanyahu Challenger, Launches Political Party. JNS (27 december 2018). Gearchiveerd op 18 januari 2024.

[16] Dani Filc (2010). The Political Right in Israel: Different Faces of Jewish Populism. Routledge, pp. 79. ISBN 978-0415488303.

[yisraelbeytenu.com-17] Bringing the Zionist Dream to Life. yisraelbeytenu.com. Gearchiveerd op 8 november 2006. Geraadpleegd op 5 July 2015.

[18] "Yisrael Beiteinu supports the advancement of free-market economic policies". Jewish Virtual Library. Geraadpleegd op 25 april 2010.

[Khanin-19] Khanin, Vladimir (Ze'ev) (2008). Contemporary Israel: Domestic Politics, Foreign Policy and Security Challenges. Westview Press, "Israel's "Russian" Parties", pp. 165. ISBN 978-0813343853.

[20] Arieff, Irwin (2011). Issues in Peace and Conflict Studies: Selections From CQ Researcher. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, Calif.. DOI:10.4135/9781483349244.n8, "Middle East Peace Prospects: Is There Any Hope for Long-Term Peace", 217. ISBN 9781412992916.

[21] Jim Zanotti, Israel: Background and U.S. Relations (PDF). Congressional Research Service (1 June 2015). Geraadpleegd op 25 april 2010.

[bbc-22] "Guide to Israel's political parties", BBC News, 21 January 2013. Geraadpleegd op 28 June 2015.

[washpost-23] Ishaan Tharoor, "A guide to the political parties battling for Israel's future", The Washington Post, 14 March 2015. Geraadpleegd op 28 June 2015.

[24] Elshout, Jan (2011). It's a Myth That Israelis Support a Two-State Solution. Gearchiveerd op 16 december 2023. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (March 2011): 24 f.

[Wright2013-25] Melanie J. Wright (2013). Studying Judaism: The Critical Issues. A&C Black, pp. 49. ISBN 978-1-4725-3888-8. Geraadpleegd op 16 June 2015.

[26] Former defense chief Ya’alon launches new political party, Telem | The Times of Israel. www.timesofisrael.com. Gearchiveerd op 4 januari 2019. Geraadpleegd op 13 January 2019.

[27] Miriam Krule (21 January 2015). Ultra-Orthodox Women in Israel Launch Their Own Political Party. Slate

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