Formel 1-motorer

Denne artikkelen gir en oversikt over Formel 1-motorer, også kalt Formula 1-aggregater (engelsk: power units) siden 2014 da den bensin-elektriske hybridæraen startet.

Motorformlene har variert for de ulike tidsperiodene for sporten.^[1]^[2]^[3] Helt siden starten i 1947 har Formel 1 brukt en rekke reguleringer for motorer. Før det igjen siden etter første verdenskrig (c. 1918) har mye av Grand Prix-racing generelt med jevne mellomrom hatt ulike "formler" som har begrenset motorkapasiteten.^{[trenger referanse]}

År	Stempelslag^[a]	Maksimalt slagvolum		Oppsett	Maksimalt turtall	Maksimal drivstoff-volumstrøm (Q_maks)	Drivstoff
År	Stempelslag^[a]	Sugemotor	Overladet	Oppsett	Maksimalt turtall	Maksimal drivstoff-volumstrøm (Q_maks)	Alkohol	Bensin
2022–2025^[b]^[4]	4-takts	1.6 L^[c]		90 graders V6 + hybrid MGU	Ubegrenset^[d]	Fra (0.009 × turtallet)+5.5, inntil 100 (kg/h)^[e]	10%^[f]	Blyfri bensin
2014–2021		1.6 L^[g]^[5]^[6]		90 graders V6 + hybrid MGU	15 000 r/min	Fra (0.009 × turtallet)+5.5, inntil 100 (kg/h)^[e]	5.75%^[h]
2009–2013^[i]		2.4 L	Forbudt	90 graders V8 + hybridKERS	18 000 r/min	Ubegrenset
2008				90 graders V8	19 000 r/min
2007^[j]					19 000 r/min		Forbudt
2006^[7]					Ubegrenset^[8]
2000–2005		3.0 L		V10
1995–1999		3.0 L		Inntil 12 sylindre
1992–1994		3.5 L
1989–1991								Ubegrenset
1988			1.5 L, 2.5 bar	Ubegrenset
1987			1.5 L, 4 bar
1986		Forbudt	1.5 L
1981–1985		3.0 L
1966–1980	Uspesifisert	3.0 L
1963–1965		1.5 L (1.3 I minimum)	Forbudt					Vanlig pumpebensin^[9]
1961–1962		1.5 L (1.3 I minimum)	Forbudt					Ubegrenset
1958–1960		2.5 L	0.75 L
1954–1957		2.5 L	0.75 L				Ubegrenset
1947–1953^[k]		4.5 L	1.5 L				Ubegrenset

Fotnoter

^ 2-stroke, gas turbine, rotary, etc.
^ MGU (Motor Generator Unit)-Kinetic (brake) and MGU-Heat (exhaust) energy recovery systems allowed.
^ Displacement must be between 1,590cc and 1,600cc. Naturally aspirated engines are not prohibited. Boost pressure is not limited.
^ Lower rpm fuel flow restriction on the next column reaches the maximum of 100kg/hour at 10,500rpm. At this flow rate, further increasing rpm requires lower boost, or results in thinner air/fuel ratio. Due to this, engine manufacturers normally set the maximum engine speed at about 13,000 rpm.
^ Maximum fuel flow rate (Q) is limited in relation to engine speed below 10,500rpm. On or above 10,500rpm, the maximum fuel flow rate of 100kg/hour applies.
^ 10% ethanol content is required in pump gasoline.
^ Smaller displacement is allowed. Naturally aspirated engines are not prohibited, but were not used by any team. Boost pressure is not limited, but fuel flow rate (which was not regulated up to 2013) is limited to 100 kg per hour Mal:Citation needed span
^ 5.75% bio-sourced alcohol content is required in pump petroleum.
^ Kinetic (braking) energy recovery system (KERS) allowed.
^ For 2006 and 2007, the FIA reserved the right to give special dispensations to teams without access to new specification engines to use 2005-spec engines with a rev-limiter. This dispensation was given to Scuderia Toro Rosso only in 2006.
^ For 1952 and 1953, World Championship races were run to Formula Two rules (0.75 L with compressor, 2 L without), but Formula One regulations remained intact.

Referanser

^ «F1 Engine rule change through the years». Arkivert fra originalen 11. november 2020. Besøkt 10. november 2020.
^ «Formula 1 Engine». Arkivert fra originalen 12. november 2020. Besøkt 10. november 2020.
^ «McLaren Racing - History of the F1 engine».
^ Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile. «2022 FORMULA ONE TECHNICAL REGULATIONS» (PDF). Arkivert (PDF) fra originalen 1. mai 2020.
^ «How Formula One's Amazing New Hybrid Turbo Engine Works». Arkivert fra originalen 14. august 2014. Besøkt 9. august 2014.
^ Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile. «2014 FORMULA ONE TECHNICAL REGULATIONS» (PDF). Arkivert (PDF) fra originalen 27. mars 2014. Besøkt 12. august 2014.
^ «2006 Formula One Technical Regulations». Arkivert fra originalen 11. november 2020. Besøkt 10. november 2020.
^ «How Long do F1 Engines Last? | F1 Chronicle». Arkivert fra originalen 25. april 2021. Besøkt 25. april 2021.
^ «F1 rules and stats 1960–1969». Arkivert fra originalen 12. august 2014. Besøkt 9. august 2014.

[4] 2-stroke, gas turbine, rotary, etc.

[5] MGU (Motor Generator Unit)-Kinetic (brake) and MGU-Heat (exhaust) energy recovery systems allowed.

[7] Displacement must be between 1,590cc and 1,600cc. Naturally aspirated engines are not prohibited. Boost pressure is not limited.

[8] Lower rpm fuel flow restriction on the next column reaches the maximum of 100kg/hour at 10,500rpm. At this flow rate, further increasing rpm requires lower boost, or results in thinner air/fuel ratio. Due to this, engine manufacturers normally set the maximum engine speed at about 13,000 rpm.

[9] Maximum fuel flow rate (Q) is limited in relation to engine speed below 10,500rpm. On or above 10,500rpm, the maximum fuel flow rate of 100kg/hour applies.

[10] 10% ethanol content is required in pump gasoline.

[11] Smaller displacement is allowed. Naturally aspirated engines are not prohibited, but were not used by any team. Boost pressure is not limited, but fuel flow rate (which was not regulated up to 2013) is limited to 100 kg per hour Mal:Citation needed span

[14] 5.75% bio-sourced alcohol content is required in pump petroleum.

[15] Kinetic (braking) energy recovery system (KERS) allowed.

[16] For 2006 and 2007, the FIA reserved the right to give special dispensations to teams without access to new specification engines to use 2005-spec engines with a rev-limiter. This dispensation was given to Scuderia Toro Rosso only in 2006.

[20] For 1952 and 1953, World Championship races were run to Formula Two rules (0.75 L with compressor, 2 L without), but Formula One regulations remained intact.

[1] «F1 Engine rule change through the years». Arkivert fra originalen 11. november 2020. Besøkt 10. november 2020.

[2] «Formula 1 Engine». Arkivert fra originalen 12. november 2020. Besøkt 10. november 2020.

[3] «McLaren Racing - History of the F1 engine».

[6] Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile. «2022 FORMULA ONE TECHNICAL REGULATIONS» (PDF). Arkivert (PDF) fra originalen 1. mai 2020.

[12] «How Formula One's Amazing New Hybrid Turbo Engine Works». Arkivert fra originalen 14. august 2014. Besøkt 9. august 2014.

[13] Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile. «2014 FORMULA ONE TECHNICAL REGULATIONS» (PDF). Arkivert (PDF) fra originalen 27. mars 2014. Besøkt 12. august 2014.

[17] «2006 Formula One Technical Regulations». Arkivert fra originalen 11. november 2020. Besøkt 10. november 2020.

[18] «How Long do F1 Engines Last? | F1 Chronicle». Arkivert fra originalen 25. april 2021. Besøkt 25. april 2021.

[19] «F1 rules and stats 1960–1969». Arkivert fra originalen 12. august 2014. Besøkt 9. august 2014.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[a]

[b]

[4]

[c]

[d]

[e]

[f]

[g]

[5]

[6]

[h]

[i]

[j]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[k]