This study was conducted to determine the effect of replacing fishmeal (FM) with fermented soybea... more This study was conducted to determine the effect of replacing fishmeal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSBM) for 12 weeks on the growth performance, feed utilization, immunological parameters, antioxidant enzymes assays and lipid peroxidation, digestive enzymes, and histopathological analysis of juvenile Litopeneaus vannamei (L. vannamei). By substituting 0.0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% FSBM for fishmeal (w/w), four isonitrogenous diets were generated. A total of 300 juvenile L. vannamei(1.59 ±0.01 g) were randomly allocated to the experimental fiber tanks at a rate of fifteen shrimp per tank, with three replicates for each treatment. Growth performance and feed utilization decline considerably (P < 0.05) with increasing amounts of FM replacement with FSBM in diets. In comparison to the juveniles fed the other experimental diets, the diet containing a moderate level of FM replacement (20% FSBM) considerably enhanced growth performance and feed consumption during the feeding trial. The ...
Pseudomonas fluorescens is one of serious fish diseases in Egypt responsible for sever economic l... more Pseudomonas fluorescens is one of serious fish diseases in Egypt responsible for sever economic losses. Four P. fluorescens isolates were previously isolated from outbreaks in Al-Abbassa and Al-Fayoum farms were used in this study. The plasmid profile of all isolates showed the pattern of two bands. Disc diffusion method was used to test the potency of some natural plant extracts in controlling P. fluorescens infections. The most effective methanolic extracts of plants and substances were Propolis, Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) whole plant, Juniper (Juniperus communis) fruits, Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) oleoresin, Aloe (Aloe vera L.,) dried gel, Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) paste and Tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves. Other extracts didn't show any inhibition zone and presumptively not effective.
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences
Infectious agents are potential causes of mass kills among cultured fish populations worldwide. T... more Infectious agents are potential causes of mass kills among cultured fish populations worldwide. The study was carried out through the course of two outbreaks targeted gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, cultured in two models of mari-culture systems at northern Egypt, floating net-cages and earthen ponds during 2012. Affected fish farms showed unique threatening seasonal episodes of high mortalities. Disease problems recorded during this period were investigated, focusing on phenotypic, molecular characterization and histopathological alterations. Total number of 100 moribund and ∕ or freshly dead fish samples showing picture of clinical septicemia were inspected through the course of these epidemics. Vibrio alginolyticus was the most predominant bacterial pathogen 28.57 % followed by streptococcus agalactiae 24.48 %, Pseudomonas fluorescens 18.36 % and Vibrio vulnificus 16.32 %. Infections attributed to Tenacibaculum maritimum recorded the lowest rate 12.24 %. PCR yielded specific a...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
Cyclophosphamide, a common chemotherapeutic and immune suppressor agent, is regularly used in res... more Cyclophosphamide, a common chemotherapeutic and immune suppressor agent, is regularly used in research to weaken the immune system in laboratory animal models. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a widely used experimental fish model for immune-modulatory research; with the lack of knowledge about the immune-compromised tilapia model, an urgent need is to develop and optimise such a model. Sixty healthy Oreochromis niloticus fish, average weight 50 ± 10 g, were divided into four experimental groups. Fish in group I, negative control group, were injected with phosphate-buffered saline only, and fish in groups II, III and IV were injected with cyclophosphamide (CP) at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively, via the intraperitoneal route. Different immune-related parameters were investigated 3 weeks after CP injection. The results have revealed a significant decrease in total red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and thrombocyte counts and reduced haemoglo...
The current study was designed to investigate the probiotic potential of the Biogen with and wit... more The current study was designed to investigate the probiotic potential of the Biogen with and without the water quality improvement product Q Z TossTM on growth and health performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four fish groups were maintained on control diet supplemented with the biogen for one month. Both Biogen dietary levels exhibited significant increase in growth parameters as well as in white blood cell count with no negative impacts on renal functions. The histopathological examination revealed better renal epithelial status in Biogen treated groups than other groups, while gills showed significant improvement due to Q Z TossTM treatment more than other untreated groups. Therefore, we can recommend the dietary inclusion of Biogen in aqua-feed along with Q Z TossTM application in rearing water as an efficient method to achieve feasible and sustainable fish production.
European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2021
VIBRIO anguillarum causes severe economic losses in fish and shellfish species and poses public h... more VIBRIO anguillarum causes severe economic losses in fish and shellfish species and poses public health concerns. This study aimed to provide some information about the prevalence and virulence determinants of V. anguillarum isolated from the farmed Oreochromisniloticus fish fingerlings nearby Qarun Lake, El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. PCRtargeting the rpoA (RNA polymerase alpha subunit)gene was done forconfirmation of Vibriospp. Moreover, V. anguillarum isolates were biochemically identified and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence.V. anguillarum isolates produced caseinase, gelatinase, lipase, lecithinase, haemolysins, and possessed biofilm formation. The virulence-related genes;empA, vah1, vah3 and vah4, flaA,angM, and angRwere detected in all tested isolates. Therefore, proper identification of V.anguillarumis crucial to better understand the ecology and distribution patterns of such pathogen within Egyptian aquaculture. Moreover, the water quality in these farms near Qarun Lake wa...
The current study was designed to investigate the potential of bioorgano (thymol and carvacrol) w... more The current study was designed to investigate the potential of bioorgano (thymol and carvacrol) with and without the water quality improvement product Q Z Toss™ on growth and health performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Six fish groups were maintained on control diet supplemented with the bioorgano for one month. Both bioorgano dietary levels exhibited significant increase in growth parameters as well as in white blood cell count with no negative impacts on both hepatic and renal functions. The histopathological examination revealed better intestinal epithelial status in bioorgano treated groups than other groups, and an increase in intestinal villi length regardless of bioorgano concentration used. while the posterior kidney showed activation of melanomacrophages centers (MMCs) which is linked to enhancement of fish immune response. Therefore, we can recommend the dietary inclusion of bioorgano in aqua-feed along with Q Z Toss™ application in rearing water as an effi...
The practical difficulty of parenteral application of fish vaccines against devastating fish dise... more The practical difficulty of parenteral application of fish vaccines against devastating fish diseases diverted the interest toward oral vaccination. Search for effective methods to enhance the oral uptake of viral and bacterial vaccines is continuing. The current research focus on a new role of mucosal fish vaccine adjuvants inducing the antigen uptake by enhancing vascularity or increasing intestinal permeability. Some inflammatory substances cause reversible pathology to the intestinal epithelium, which could be employed for the transepithelial passage of vaccine particles. The natural inflammatory substances used were capsaicin, piperine, and okadaic acid as 1 mg, 2 mg, and 1 μg/fish, respectively. Two inactivated vaccines were used as antigens to test the effect of these inflammatory substances in two different fish hosts. Tested vaccines were inactivated redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus vaccine in sevenband grouper (Epinephelus septemfasciatus) and inactivated Edwardsi...
The current study was designed to investigate the probiotic potential of the BiogenO with and wit... more The current study was designed to investigate the probiotic potential of the BiogenO with and without the water quality improvement product (Q Z Toss™) on growth and health performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four fish groups were maintained on control diet supplemented with the BiogenO for one month with or without inclusion of Q Z Toss™ in water. Dietary levels of BiogenO exhibited significant raise in growth parameters with no harmful impacts on hepatic functions. Importantly, Q Z Toss™ supplemented group showed obvious decline of water ammonia level. However, water ammonia level didn’t change in BiogenO treated fish compared to control. The histopathological examination revealed better hepatopancreas and intestinal epithelial status in BiogenO treated groups than other groups. Therefore, we can recommend the dietary addition of BiogenO in aqua-feed along with Q Z Toss™ application in rearing water as a proficient method to achieve feasible and sustainable fish h...
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds oil (NO)... more The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds oil (NO) induced changes on some oxidative indicators and histopathological alterations in tissues of Oreochromis niloticus fish and the possible protective effects of copper nicotinate (CN) and vitamin E on neem oil-induced changes. Fish were divided into 8 groups and treated with NO alone or in combination with CN, vitamin E and clean water. NO interfered with the antioxidant defense system of O. niloticus, as there was a decrease in GST, CAT and SOD activities in all studied organs as compared to control group. These alterations in antioxidants activities were accompanied with the occurrence of histological lesions and damage in gills, liver and posterior kidney tissues. The addition of CN and Vitamin E in fish diets could protect the fish O. niloticus against NOinduced oxidative damage and histopathological changes showing recovery of fish organs. It was concluded that although botanical pes...
Spring viremia of carp (SVC) is an important disease affecting cyprinids, mainly common carp Cypr... more Spring viremia of carp (SVC) is an important disease affecting cyprinids, mainly common carp Cyprinus carpio. The disease is widespread in European carp culture, where it causes significant morbidity and mortality. This study describes some Histopathological, Immunohistological, and Ultra-microscopical characteristics of infection by this virus in experimentally infected target species; common carp. In this study the pathological changes in naturally and experimentally infected fish existed mainly in the hepatopancreas, kidney, spleen and gills. On the other hand, the changes were evoked to a lesser extent in the intestine and brain. The alterations were ranging between minor degenerative changes to severe necrotic picture. Immunostaining and immunoflourescence studies revealed the presence of antigen in SVCV infected tissue specimens. Transmission Electron Microscopy studies of liver, kidney and spleen samples revealed the presence of pullet-shaped electron-dense intra-cytoplasmic ...
This study was conducted to determine the effect of replacing fishmeal (FM) with fermented soybea... more This study was conducted to determine the effect of replacing fishmeal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSBM) for 12 weeks on the growth performance, feed utilization, immunological parameters, antioxidant enzymes assays and lipid peroxidation, digestive enzymes, and histopathological analysis of juvenile Litopeneaus vannamei (L. vannamei). By substituting 0.0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% FSBM for fishmeal (w/w), four isonitrogenous diets were generated. A total of 300 juvenile L. vannamei(1.59 ±0.01 g) were randomly allocated to the experimental fiber tanks at a rate of fifteen shrimp per tank, with three replicates for each treatment. Growth performance and feed utilization decline considerably (P < 0.05) with increasing amounts of FM replacement with FSBM in diets. In comparison to the juveniles fed the other experimental diets, the diet containing a moderate level of FM replacement (20% FSBM) considerably enhanced growth performance and feed consumption during the feeding trial. The ...
Pseudomonas fluorescens is one of serious fish diseases in Egypt responsible for sever economic l... more Pseudomonas fluorescens is one of serious fish diseases in Egypt responsible for sever economic losses. Four P. fluorescens isolates were previously isolated from outbreaks in Al-Abbassa and Al-Fayoum farms were used in this study. The plasmid profile of all isolates showed the pattern of two bands. Disc diffusion method was used to test the potency of some natural plant extracts in controlling P. fluorescens infections. The most effective methanolic extracts of plants and substances were Propolis, Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) whole plant, Juniper (Juniperus communis) fruits, Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) oleoresin, Aloe (Aloe vera L.,) dried gel, Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) paste and Tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves. Other extracts didn't show any inhibition zone and presumptively not effective.
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences
Infectious agents are potential causes of mass kills among cultured fish populations worldwide. T... more Infectious agents are potential causes of mass kills among cultured fish populations worldwide. The study was carried out through the course of two outbreaks targeted gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, cultured in two models of mari-culture systems at northern Egypt, floating net-cages and earthen ponds during 2012. Affected fish farms showed unique threatening seasonal episodes of high mortalities. Disease problems recorded during this period were investigated, focusing on phenotypic, molecular characterization and histopathological alterations. Total number of 100 moribund and ∕ or freshly dead fish samples showing picture of clinical septicemia were inspected through the course of these epidemics. Vibrio alginolyticus was the most predominant bacterial pathogen 28.57 % followed by streptococcus agalactiae 24.48 %, Pseudomonas fluorescens 18.36 % and Vibrio vulnificus 16.32 %. Infections attributed to Tenacibaculum maritimum recorded the lowest rate 12.24 %. PCR yielded specific a...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
Cyclophosphamide, a common chemotherapeutic and immune suppressor agent, is regularly used in res... more Cyclophosphamide, a common chemotherapeutic and immune suppressor agent, is regularly used in research to weaken the immune system in laboratory animal models. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a widely used experimental fish model for immune-modulatory research; with the lack of knowledge about the immune-compromised tilapia model, an urgent need is to develop and optimise such a model. Sixty healthy Oreochromis niloticus fish, average weight 50 ± 10 g, were divided into four experimental groups. Fish in group I, negative control group, were injected with phosphate-buffered saline only, and fish in groups II, III and IV were injected with cyclophosphamide (CP) at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively, via the intraperitoneal route. Different immune-related parameters were investigated 3 weeks after CP injection. The results have revealed a significant decrease in total red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and thrombocyte counts and reduced haemoglo...
The current study was designed to investigate the probiotic potential of the Biogen with and wit... more The current study was designed to investigate the probiotic potential of the Biogen with and without the water quality improvement product Q Z TossTM on growth and health performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four fish groups were maintained on control diet supplemented with the biogen for one month. Both Biogen dietary levels exhibited significant increase in growth parameters as well as in white blood cell count with no negative impacts on renal functions. The histopathological examination revealed better renal epithelial status in Biogen treated groups than other groups, while gills showed significant improvement due to Q Z TossTM treatment more than other untreated groups. Therefore, we can recommend the dietary inclusion of Biogen in aqua-feed along with Q Z TossTM application in rearing water as an efficient method to achieve feasible and sustainable fish production.
European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2021
VIBRIO anguillarum causes severe economic losses in fish and shellfish species and poses public h... more VIBRIO anguillarum causes severe economic losses in fish and shellfish species and poses public health concerns. This study aimed to provide some information about the prevalence and virulence determinants of V. anguillarum isolated from the farmed Oreochromisniloticus fish fingerlings nearby Qarun Lake, El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. PCRtargeting the rpoA (RNA polymerase alpha subunit)gene was done forconfirmation of Vibriospp. Moreover, V. anguillarum isolates were biochemically identified and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence.V. anguillarum isolates produced caseinase, gelatinase, lipase, lecithinase, haemolysins, and possessed biofilm formation. The virulence-related genes;empA, vah1, vah3 and vah4, flaA,angM, and angRwere detected in all tested isolates. Therefore, proper identification of V.anguillarumis crucial to better understand the ecology and distribution patterns of such pathogen within Egyptian aquaculture. Moreover, the water quality in these farms near Qarun Lake wa...
The current study was designed to investigate the potential of bioorgano (thymol and carvacrol) w... more The current study was designed to investigate the potential of bioorgano (thymol and carvacrol) with and without the water quality improvement product Q Z Toss™ on growth and health performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Six fish groups were maintained on control diet supplemented with the bioorgano for one month. Both bioorgano dietary levels exhibited significant increase in growth parameters as well as in white blood cell count with no negative impacts on both hepatic and renal functions. The histopathological examination revealed better intestinal epithelial status in bioorgano treated groups than other groups, and an increase in intestinal villi length regardless of bioorgano concentration used. while the posterior kidney showed activation of melanomacrophages centers (MMCs) which is linked to enhancement of fish immune response. Therefore, we can recommend the dietary inclusion of bioorgano in aqua-feed along with Q Z Toss™ application in rearing water as an effi...
The practical difficulty of parenteral application of fish vaccines against devastating fish dise... more The practical difficulty of parenteral application of fish vaccines against devastating fish diseases diverted the interest toward oral vaccination. Search for effective methods to enhance the oral uptake of viral and bacterial vaccines is continuing. The current research focus on a new role of mucosal fish vaccine adjuvants inducing the antigen uptake by enhancing vascularity or increasing intestinal permeability. Some inflammatory substances cause reversible pathology to the intestinal epithelium, which could be employed for the transepithelial passage of vaccine particles. The natural inflammatory substances used were capsaicin, piperine, and okadaic acid as 1 mg, 2 mg, and 1 μg/fish, respectively. Two inactivated vaccines were used as antigens to test the effect of these inflammatory substances in two different fish hosts. Tested vaccines were inactivated redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus vaccine in sevenband grouper (Epinephelus septemfasciatus) and inactivated Edwardsi...
The current study was designed to investigate the probiotic potential of the BiogenO with and wit... more The current study was designed to investigate the probiotic potential of the BiogenO with and without the water quality improvement product (Q Z Toss™) on growth and health performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four fish groups were maintained on control diet supplemented with the BiogenO for one month with or without inclusion of Q Z Toss™ in water. Dietary levels of BiogenO exhibited significant raise in growth parameters with no harmful impacts on hepatic functions. Importantly, Q Z Toss™ supplemented group showed obvious decline of water ammonia level. However, water ammonia level didn’t change in BiogenO treated fish compared to control. The histopathological examination revealed better hepatopancreas and intestinal epithelial status in BiogenO treated groups than other groups. Therefore, we can recommend the dietary addition of BiogenO in aqua-feed along with Q Z Toss™ application in rearing water as a proficient method to achieve feasible and sustainable fish h...
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds oil (NO)... more The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds oil (NO) induced changes on some oxidative indicators and histopathological alterations in tissues of Oreochromis niloticus fish and the possible protective effects of copper nicotinate (CN) and vitamin E on neem oil-induced changes. Fish were divided into 8 groups and treated with NO alone or in combination with CN, vitamin E and clean water. NO interfered with the antioxidant defense system of O. niloticus, as there was a decrease in GST, CAT and SOD activities in all studied organs as compared to control group. These alterations in antioxidants activities were accompanied with the occurrence of histological lesions and damage in gills, liver and posterior kidney tissues. The addition of CN and Vitamin E in fish diets could protect the fish O. niloticus against NOinduced oxidative damage and histopathological changes showing recovery of fish organs. It was concluded that although botanical pes...
Spring viremia of carp (SVC) is an important disease affecting cyprinids, mainly common carp Cypr... more Spring viremia of carp (SVC) is an important disease affecting cyprinids, mainly common carp Cyprinus carpio. The disease is widespread in European carp culture, where it causes significant morbidity and mortality. This study describes some Histopathological, Immunohistological, and Ultra-microscopical characteristics of infection by this virus in experimentally infected target species; common carp. In this study the pathological changes in naturally and experimentally infected fish existed mainly in the hepatopancreas, kidney, spleen and gills. On the other hand, the changes were evoked to a lesser extent in the intestine and brain. The alterations were ranging between minor degenerative changes to severe necrotic picture. Immunostaining and immunoflourescence studies revealed the presence of antigen in SVCV infected tissue specimens. Transmission Electron Microscopy studies of liver, kidney and spleen samples revealed the presence of pullet-shaped electron-dense intra-cytoplasmic ...
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