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A257783
Number T(n,k) of words w of length n such that each letter of the k-ary alphabet is used at least once and for every prefix z of w we have #(z,a_i) = 0 or #(z,a_i) >= #(z,a_j) for all j>i and #(z,a_i) counts the occurrences of the i-th letter in z; triangle T(n,k), n>=0, 0<=k<=n, read by rows.
11
1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 3, 6, 0, 1, 7, 12, 24, 0, 1, 12, 35, 60, 120, 0, 1, 25, 87, 210, 360, 720, 0, 1, 44, 232, 609, 1470, 2520, 5040, 0, 1, 89, 599, 1961, 4872, 11760, 20160, 40320, 0, 1, 160, 1591, 5952, 17649, 43848, 105840, 181440, 362880, 0, 1, 321, 4202, 19255, 60465, 176490, 438480, 1058400, 1814400, 3628800
OFFSET
0,6
COMMENTS
Row n is the inverse binomial transform of the n-th row of array A213276.
LINKS
FORMULA
T(n,k) = Sum_{i=0..k} (-1)^i * C(k,i) * A213276(n,k-i).
EXAMPLE
T(5,2) = 12: aaaab, aaaba, aaabb, aabaa, aabab, aabba, abaaa, abaab, ababa, baaaa, baaab, baaba.
Triangle T(n,k) begins:
1;
0, 1;
0, 1, 2;
0, 1, 3, 6;
0, 1, 7, 12, 24;
0, 1, 12, 35, 60, 120;
0, 1, 25, 87, 210, 360, 720;
0, 1, 44, 232, 609, 1470, 2520, 5040;
0, 1, 89, 599, 1961, 4872, 11760, 20160, 40320;
MATHEMATICA
g[l_, i_] := Module[{j}, If[l[[i]] < 1, Return[False], If[l[[i]] > 1, For[j = i + 1, j <= Length[l], j++, If[l[[i]] <= l[[j]], Return[False], If[l[[j]] > 0, Break[]]]]]]; True];
b[l_] := b[l] = If[Complement[l, {0}] == {}, 1, Sum[If[g[l, i], b[ReplacePart[l, i -> l[[i]] - 1]], 0], {i, 1, Length[l]}]];
h[n_, k_, m_, l_] := h[n, k, m, l] = If[n == 0 && k === 0, b[l], If[k == 0 || n > 0 && n < m, 0, Sum[h[n - j, k - 1, Max[m, j], Join[{j}, l]], {j, Max[1, m], n}] + h[n, k - 1, m, Join[{0}, l]]]];
A[n_, k_] := h[n, k, 0, {}];
T[n_, k_] := Sum[(-1)^i*Binomial[k, i]*A[n, k - i], {i, 0, k}];
Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 01 2022, after Alois P. Heinz in A213276 *)
CROSSREFS
Main diagonal gives A000142.
T(n+1,n) = A001710(n+1) (for n>0).
Cf. A213276.
Sequence in context: A195772 A330618 A062104 * A226874 A267901 A276561
KEYWORD
nonn,tabl
AUTHOR
Alois P. Heinz, May 08 2015
STATUS
approved