OFFSET
0,4
COMMENTS
More generally, the following sums are equal:
(1) Sum_{n>=0} binomial(n+k-1, n) * r^n * (p + q^n)^n,
(2) Sum_{n>=0} binomial(n+k-1, n) * r^n * q^(n^2) / (1 - r*p*q^n)^(n+k),
for any fixed integer k; here, k = 1 with r = 1, p = -A(x), q = (1+x). - Paul D. Hanna, Jun 22 2019
LINKS
Paul D. Hanna, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
FORMULA
G.f. A(x) satisfies:
(1) 1 = Sum_{n>=0} ((1+x)^n - A(x))^n.
(2) 1 = Sum_{n>=0} (1+x)^(n^2) / (1 + (1+x)^n*A(x))^(n+1).
a(n) ~ c * d^n * n! / sqrt(n), where d = A317855 = 3.1610886538654... and c = 0.11739505492506... - Vaclav Kotesovec, Sep 26 2020
EXAMPLE
G.f.: A(x) = 1 + x + x^2 + 8*x^3 + 89*x^4 + 1326*x^5 + 24247*x^6 + 521764*x^7 + 12867985*x^8 + 357229785*x^9 + 11017306489*x^10 + ...
such that
1 = 1 + ((1+x) - A(x)) + ((1+x)^2 - A(x))^2 + ((1+x)^3 - A(x))^3 + ((1+x)^4 - A(x))^4 + ((1+x)^5 - A(x))^5 + ((1+x)^6 - A(x))^6 + ((1+x)^7 - A(x))^7 + ...
Also,
1 = 1/(1 + A(x)) + (1+x)/(1 + (1+x)*A(x))^2 + (1+x)^4/(1 + (1+x)^2*A(x))^3 + (1+x)^9/(1 + (1+x)^3*A(x))^4 + (1+x)^16/(1 + (1+x)^4*A(x))^5 + (1+x)^25/(1 + (1+x)^5*A(x))^6 + (1+x)^36/(1 + (1+x)^6*A(x))^7 + ...
RELATED SERIES.
log(A(x)) = x + x^2/2 + 22*x^3/3 + 325*x^4/4 + 6186*x^5/5 + 137380*x^6/6 + 3478651*x^7/7 + 98674253*x^8/8 + 3096911434*x^9/9 + ...
PARTICULAR VALUES.
Although the power series A(x) diverges at x = -1/2, it may be evaluated formally.
Let t = A(-1/2) = 0.545218973635949431234950245034944106957612798888179456724264...
then t satisfies
(1) 1 = Sum_{n>=0} ( 1/2^n - t )^n.
(2) 1 = Sum_{n>=0} 2^n / ( 2^n + t )^(n+1).
Also,
A(r) = 1/2 at r = -0.54683649902292991492196620520872286547799291909992048564578...
where
(1) 1 = Sum_{n>=0} ( (1+r)^n - 1/2 )^n.
(2) 1 = Sum_{n>=0} (1+r)^(-n) / ( 1/(1+r)^n + 1/2 )^(n+1).
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A=[1]); for(i=0, n, A=concat(A, 0); A[#A] = Vec( sum(m=0, #A, ((1+x)^m - Ser(A))^m ) )[#A] ); A[n+1]}
for(n=0, 30, print1(a(n), ", "))
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Paul D. Hanna, Apr 19 2018
STATUS
approved