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a(5) = 9 because of the following. 2*A064216(5) = 2*4 = 8 = 2^3. We replace the prime factor 2 of 8 with the next prime 3 to get 3^3, then replace 3 with 5 to get 5^3 = 125. The smallest prime factor of 125 is 5. 5 125 is the smallest prime factor 9th term of {A084967: 5, 25, 35, 55, 65, 85, 95, 115, 125, ...} and 125 is the 9th term, , thus a(45) = 9.
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a(5) = 9 because of the following. 2*A064216(5) = 2*4 = 8 = 2^3. We replace the prime factor 2 of 8 with the next prime 3 to get 3^3, then replace 3 with 5 to get 5^3 = 125. The smallest prime factor of 125 is 5. 5 is the smallest prime factor of {5, 25, 35, 55, 65, 85, 95, 115, 125, ...} and 125 is the 9th term, thus a(4) = 9.
t = PositionIndex[FactorInteger[#][[1, 1]] & /@ Range[10^6]]; f[n_] := Times @@ Power[If[# == 1, 1, NextPrime@ #] & /@ First@ #, Last@ #] &@ Transpose@ FactorInteger@ n; Flatten@ Map[Position[Lookup[t, FactorInteger[#][[1, 1]] ], #] &[f@ f[2 #]] &, Table[Times @@ Power[If[# == 1, 1, NextPrime[#, -1]] & /@ First@ #, Last@ #] &@ Transpose@ FactorInteger[2 n - 1], {n, 87}]] (* Michael De Vlieger, Jul 25 2016, Version 10 *)
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