MARSH NESTING BY MALLARDS GARY L. KRAPU, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Northern Prairie Wildlife ... more MARSH NESTING BY MALLARDS GARY L. KRAPU, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND 58401 LARRY G ... We thank HF Duebbert, RLJessen, and AB Sar-geant for critically reviewing the manu-script, SD Becker, DM Janke ...
There is growing interest in improving ecological risk assessment exposure estimation, specifical... more There is growing interest in improving ecological risk assessment exposure estimation, specifically by incorporating dermal exposure. At the same time, there is a growing interest in amphibians and reptiles as receptors in ecological risk assessment, despite generally receiving less research than more traditional receptors. Previous research has suggested that dermal exposure may be more important than previously considered for reptiles. We measured reptile skin permeability to four pesticides (thiamethoxam, malathion, tebuthiuron, trifluralin) using ventral skin samples. All four pesticides penetrated the skin but generally had low permeability. There was no apparent relationship between physicochemical properties and permeability coefficients. Malathion had a significantly greater permeability rate at all time points compared to the other pesticides. Tebuthiuron had a greater permeability than thiamethoxam. Reptiles and mammals appear to have similar skin permeability suggesting t...
Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC, Jan 11, 2015
Reptiles have been understudied in ecotoxicology which limits consideration in ecological risk as... more Reptiles have been understudied in ecotoxicology which limits consideration in ecological risk assessments. The goal of this research was threefold: to improve oral and dermal dosing methodologies for reptiles, to generate reptile toxicity data for pesticides, and to correlate reptile and avian toxicity. We first assessed the toxicity of different dosing vehicles: 100 µL of water, propylene glycol, or acetone were not toxic. We assessed the oral and dermal toxicity of 4 pesticides following the up-and-down procedure. Neither brodifacoum nor chlorothalonil caused mortality at doses < 1750 µg/g. Under the "neat pesticide" oral exposure endosulfan (LD50 = 9.8 µg/g) was more toxic than λ-cyhalothrin (LD50 = 916.5 µg/g). Neither chemical was toxic via dermal exposure. An acetone dosing vehicle increased λ-cyhalothrin toxicity (oral LD50 = 9.8 µg/g, dermal LD50 = 17.5 µg/g), but not endosulfan. Finally, changes in dosing method and husbandry significantly increased dermal λ-c...
... LARRY G. TALENT,2 Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR ... more ... LARRY G. TALENT,2 Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 GARY L. KRAPU, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Northern Prairie ... On the Me-dina Study Area, about 60% of the wet-land basins held water on 1 May 1976, but only 10% did ...
... TERRENCE G. BIDWELL,&#x27; Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and Depa... more ... TERRENCE G. BIDWELL,&#x27; Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK ... regenerated stands (66%), 1-13-year-old pine (Pinus spp.) plantations (31%), pastures and hay meadows (2%), and ...
MARSH NESTING BY MALLARDS GARY L. KRAPU, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Northern Prairie Wildlife ... more MARSH NESTING BY MALLARDS GARY L. KRAPU, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND 58401 LARRY G ... We thank HF Duebbert, RLJessen, and AB Sar-geant for critically reviewing the manu-script, SD Becker, DM Janke ...
There is growing interest in improving ecological risk assessment exposure estimation, specifical... more There is growing interest in improving ecological risk assessment exposure estimation, specifically by incorporating dermal exposure. At the same time, there is a growing interest in amphibians and reptiles as receptors in ecological risk assessment, despite generally receiving less research than more traditional receptors. Previous research has suggested that dermal exposure may be more important than previously considered for reptiles. We measured reptile skin permeability to four pesticides (thiamethoxam, malathion, tebuthiuron, trifluralin) using ventral skin samples. All four pesticides penetrated the skin but generally had low permeability. There was no apparent relationship between physicochemical properties and permeability coefficients. Malathion had a significantly greater permeability rate at all time points compared to the other pesticides. Tebuthiuron had a greater permeability than thiamethoxam. Reptiles and mammals appear to have similar skin permeability suggesting t...
Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC, Jan 11, 2015
Reptiles have been understudied in ecotoxicology which limits consideration in ecological risk as... more Reptiles have been understudied in ecotoxicology which limits consideration in ecological risk assessments. The goal of this research was threefold: to improve oral and dermal dosing methodologies for reptiles, to generate reptile toxicity data for pesticides, and to correlate reptile and avian toxicity. We first assessed the toxicity of different dosing vehicles: 100 µL of water, propylene glycol, or acetone were not toxic. We assessed the oral and dermal toxicity of 4 pesticides following the up-and-down procedure. Neither brodifacoum nor chlorothalonil caused mortality at doses < 1750 µg/g. Under the "neat pesticide" oral exposure endosulfan (LD50 = 9.8 µg/g) was more toxic than λ-cyhalothrin (LD50 = 916.5 µg/g). Neither chemical was toxic via dermal exposure. An acetone dosing vehicle increased λ-cyhalothrin toxicity (oral LD50 = 9.8 µg/g, dermal LD50 = 17.5 µg/g), but not endosulfan. Finally, changes in dosing method and husbandry significantly increased dermal λ-c...
... LARRY G. TALENT,2 Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR ... more ... LARRY G. TALENT,2 Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 GARY L. KRAPU, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Northern Prairie ... On the Me-dina Study Area, about 60% of the wet-land basins held water on 1 May 1976, but only 10% did ...
... TERRENCE G. BIDWELL,&#x27; Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and Depa... more ... TERRENCE G. BIDWELL,&#x27; Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK ... regenerated stands (66%), 1-13-year-old pine (Pinus spp.) plantations (31%), pastures and hay meadows (2%), and ...
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