OBJECTIVES In 2017, the e-cigarette brand, blu, released advertisements featuring large, boxed, p... more OBJECTIVES In 2017, the e-cigarette brand, blu, released advertisements featuring large, boxed, positively-framed messages. These messages mimicked the format of FDA-mandated warnings that would appear on e-cigarette advertisements in the United States in 2018. We compared attention to blu's parody warnings and FDA-mandated warning appearing on blu advertisements. METHODS N = 73 young adults who had used tobacco participated in an eye-tracking study. Participants viewed three blu e-cigarette advertisements in random order: one with a parody warning and two with the FDA-mandated warning (one with a model's face and one without). Areas of interest (AOIs) were the parody or FDA-mandated warning. We compared dwell time on AOIs between the three advertisements. RESULTS Participants viewed parody warnings longer than each FDA-mandated warning on average (254 and 608 ms longer; p's < 0.02). Comparing the advertisements with FDA-mandated warnings revealed that participants spent less time looking at the warning in the advertisement with a model's face (354 fewer milliseconds; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Parody warnings attracted more visual attention than FDA-mandated warnings, and the presence of a face in the advertisement drew attention away from the FDA-mandated warning. Results underscore the need for advertisement regulations that support increased attention to health warnings.
Objectives: Health warning messages could be an effective means of communicating the health risks... more Objectives: Health warning messages could be an effective means of communicating the health risks associated with waterpipe (WP) smoking. The objective of this study was to select a message that conveyed the risks associated with WP smoking. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used to explore the effectiveness of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) mandated message, and others, among young adults using focus groups and surveys. Two focus group studies and one convenience survey were conducted to examine the FDA's mandated message and 11 other WP warning messages. The final study, conducted with a random sample of first-year university students, examined the effectiveness and reactance of the chosen message using previously validated items (scored on a 1-5 scale). Results: The FDA's mandated message did not resonate well with focus group participants. In the random sample of students, the top message (WARNING: Hookah smoke contains poisons that cause lung and...
Page 1. What graphic designers say they do Paul J. Nini This paper reports the results of a surve... more Page 1. What graphic designers say they do Paul J. Nini This paper reports the results of a survey of 1500 US graphic designers. Respondents pro vided information about their levels of involvement with pro ject-related information ...
OBJECTIVES In 2017, the e-cigarette brand, blu, released advertisements featuring large, boxed, p... more OBJECTIVES In 2017, the e-cigarette brand, blu, released advertisements featuring large, boxed, positively-framed messages. These messages mimicked the format of FDA-mandated warnings that would appear on e-cigarette advertisements in the United States in 2018. We compared attention to blu's parody warnings and FDA-mandated warning appearing on blu advertisements. METHODS N = 73 young adults who had used tobacco participated in an eye-tracking study. Participants viewed three blu e-cigarette advertisements in random order: one with a parody warning and two with the FDA-mandated warning (one with a model's face and one without). Areas of interest (AOIs) were the parody or FDA-mandated warning. We compared dwell time on AOIs between the three advertisements. RESULTS Participants viewed parody warnings longer than each FDA-mandated warning on average (254 and 608 ms longer; p's < 0.02). Comparing the advertisements with FDA-mandated warnings revealed that participants spent less time looking at the warning in the advertisement with a model's face (354 fewer milliseconds; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Parody warnings attracted more visual attention than FDA-mandated warnings, and the presence of a face in the advertisement drew attention away from the FDA-mandated warning. Results underscore the need for advertisement regulations that support increased attention to health warnings.
Objectives: Health warning messages could be an effective means of communicating the health risks... more Objectives: Health warning messages could be an effective means of communicating the health risks associated with waterpipe (WP) smoking. The objective of this study was to select a message that conveyed the risks associated with WP smoking. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used to explore the effectiveness of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) mandated message, and others, among young adults using focus groups and surveys. Two focus group studies and one convenience survey were conducted to examine the FDA's mandated message and 11 other WP warning messages. The final study, conducted with a random sample of first-year university students, examined the effectiveness and reactance of the chosen message using previously validated items (scored on a 1-5 scale). Results: The FDA's mandated message did not resonate well with focus group participants. In the random sample of students, the top message (WARNING: Hookah smoke contains poisons that cause lung and...
Page 1. What graphic designers say they do Paul J. Nini This paper reports the results of a surve... more Page 1. What graphic designers say they do Paul J. Nini This paper reports the results of a survey of 1500 US graphic designers. Respondents pro vided information about their levels of involvement with pro ject-related information ...
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