The Ilo-Idimu river is situated in the heavily industrialised Ota Town, Ogun State, Nigeria, with... more The Ilo-Idimu river is situated in the heavily industrialised Ota Town, Ogun State, Nigeria, with industries empting their wastes or part of their wastes into the river. The community use the water of the river for domestic purposes such as cooking, drinking, bathing and washing. Iron (Fe) was the most abundant heavy metal amongst the four [Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Lead (Pb)] heavy metals tested for in the Ilo-Idimu River. Though, the levels of lead was more in the littoral midstream (Lit B) and benthic upstream and downstream (Bent A and C) 1.60, 1.40 and 1.30 mg/l respectively. The fish samples of Sarotherodon galileaus tested for the four heavy metals showed that lead (Pb) was present only in the gut of the fish. For the other heavy metals the trend are Cu > Zn > Fe in the scale, in the flesh of the fish Cu > Fe > Zn, while Fe > Cu > Zn in the gills and gut of the fish. The levels of the heavy metals tested in the water and fish samples were lower t...
The food habit of the African snake head (Parachanna obscura) from upper river Ogun was investiga... more The food habit of the African snake head (Parachanna obscura) from upper river Ogun was investigated using two methods of stomach analysis, namely numerical abundance and frequency of abundance. Results showed that the fish fed on alternative food items with a preference for food items of animal origin especially, fish (36.1% numerical abundance and 32.7% frequency of occurrence) and crustaceans (24.1% by number and 26.6% by volume). Other food items which are probably incidental found in the stomach of the fish include protozoan, diatoms, desmids and green algae.
The food habit and ecological balance of fish species in Osun River were investigated for a perio... more The food habit and ecological balance of fish species in Osun River were investigated for a period of 12 months (November 2017 to October 2018) with monthly sampling of water and fish species in the river. Fish were sampled using monofilament gill nets of mesh size between 25mm and 101mm. A total of 4544 individuals belonging to 19 species and 10 families were captured. They were grouped based on their feeding habits into herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Carnivores dominated the River (38.63%) with Cichlids being the most abundant family (95.10%) and Oreochromis niloticus the most abundant fish species (14.10%). The Forage - Carnivore ratio (F/C) for the dry, wet and combined season was 0.64, 0.34 and 0.48 respectively. T-test showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between all the trophic groupings in relation to seasons. The mean values recorded across the sampling months were Temperature (18.70 oC ± 2.69), pH (7.10 ± 0.25) and Dissolved Oxygen (3.20 mg/L ± 0.54) while ...
Aquatic systems in Nigeria have suffered stress induced by human activities which alter the natur... more Aquatic systems in Nigeria have suffered stress induced by human activities which alter the natural composition of the water resources. This study investigated the diversity, distribution and abundance of fish species in Lake Asejire. The lake was partitioned based on accessibility into upper, middle and lower sections for the study. Fish species were sampled using monofilament gill nets with stretched mesh sizes ranging from 44.45-169.33mm. Water and fish species were sampled fortnightly for a period of twelve months. Water quality parameters: temperature (28.96±0.28oC), dissolved oxygen (5.6±0.13mg/l), pH (6.73±0.19) and conductivity (159.8±0.32μS/cm) measured were within suitable standard ranges for fish production in natural waters. A total of 16 species from 10 families were identified from the lake. Cichlids had the highest number of fish species (4) and relative abundance (66.82%) and Coptodon zillii was the most abundant fish species across the months and sampling stations (...
The increased human activities resulting from industrialization and urbanization around the Ondo ... more The increased human activities resulting from industrialization and urbanization around the Ondo section of the coastal waters of the Atlantic Ocean have significantly affected the environment. To this end, the water quality, fish abundance and target status of fish species were identified, not-withstanding the influence of human activities on the water quality and its effects on fish abundance. Four fishing communities were purposively selected based on geographical location and accessibility along the coast; Ayetoro and Idi-Ogba communities on the eastern side and Eruna-Ero and Igbokoda on the western side. A total of 120 structured questionnaires were randomly administered using snowball technique at 30 per site. Erunna-Ero community measured the highest mean temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity and conductivity with 29.39 0.30 oC, 4.48 0.06 mg/L,10.68 0.39ppt and 40.70 0.18 S/cmrespectively, while pH was highest in Idi-Ogba community (6.47 0.00). A total of 61.67% were within...
Africa is blessed with natural and mineral resources, but exploitation of these resources has led... more Africa is blessed with natural and mineral resources, but exploitation of these resources has led to extreme pollution of the environment. Population growth and urbanization due to developments have also contributed immensely to the current pollution in Africa. Traffic emissions, transported dust and open burning are all significant contributors to air pollution in Africa. The Sahara desert is a major source of transported dust, especially during the harmattan season in West Africa. Mercury emissions are very high in South Africa due to coal combustion and gold mining. Air pollutants may contaminate water and soil through atmospheric deposition. However, the major pollution sources for surface waters are the urban and industrial discharges of untreated effluents into the water. A few African countries have standards for effluent discharge into surface waters, but it is unknown whether these standards are being enforced. Though groundwater sources in wells and boreholes are the major sources of drinking water for the African populace, the biological water quality of these groundwater sources is mostly low in the region due to close proximity to sanitary facilities. Identified sources of soil pollution in Africa include agricultural activities, mining, roadside emissions, auto-mechanic workshops, refuse dumps and e-waste. Oil spills are a major problem in oil-rich African countries such as Nigeria and Angola. Agricultural activities are the lowest impacting the soil in Africa, while e-waste recycling was the highest with Pb, Cu and Zn at extremely high concentrations (>1%). There is a need for proper regulation of environmental pollutants in Africa.
Fish meal is widely used in commercial feed production because of its amino acids profile, and hi... more Fish meal is widely used in commercial feed production because of its amino acids profile, and high protein content, however, its usage constitutes a major cost in fish feed production. It is therefore essential to source for a highly nutritious, cheap and readily available substitute which can supply the farmed fish with necessary dietary requirements for proper growth and development. The study utilised house fly maggots (Musca domestica) cultured from poultry waste at varying inclusion levels of 0 (no inclusion), 25, 50, 75 and 100% (maggot inclusions) to replace fish meal in the diets and replicated thrice. A total of 180 Clarias gariepinus juveniles catfish with initial average weight of 10.11±0.12 g were stocked at 12 fish per tank, acclimatised for 2 weeks and fed twice daily at 3% body weight for a period of 12 weeks. The proximate composition of wet maggots showed the presence of favourable amino acids similar to fish meal but had lower crude protein content (47.45%) with h...
Background: Flame retardants are used to delay the onset of fire in products such as furniture, t... more Background: Flame retardants are used to delay the onset of fire in products such as furniture, textiles and electrical appliances. But they have been found at elevated concentrations in the global environment and even in remote locations such as Antarctica. They are toxic, persistent and bioaccumulate in the environment. They cause reproductive health problems, nervous disorders, learning problems in children, affect the unborn and infants. Method and findings: A detailed review of literature was done on Scopus and Science Direct, Pub-Med and Google. Results show that halogenated flame retardants such as PCBs, PBBs, PBDEs, and HBCDs have been banned or restricted in many parts of the world. But despite the ban, they are still being found in high concentrations indicating persistence, absence of regulations or non compliance to regulations. Levels are highest in North America which is consistent with the usage in the continent. Numerous studies have shown that PCBs and PBDEs bioaccu...
Concerns have often been raised on the application of pesticides on croplands and the threats pos... more Concerns have often been raised on the application of pesticides on croplands and the threats posed on aquatic organisms. These pesticides get to the aquatic system from runoff on croplands where there was excessive application and can be more pronounced in integrated fish farming systems. This study was designed to investigate the lethal concentration an agricultural pesticide; 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate (DDVP) on the physical and chemical properties of water as well as the liver, kidney, tissue and gills of Coptodon zilli juveniles. A total of 150 experimental fish of average length and weight of 6.2±0.32cm and 0.9±0.11g respectively were stocked at 1fish/litre in renewable culture tanks (43cm x 30cm) each containing 10litres of water. The bioassay media concentrations were 0mg/l (A), 0.33mg/l (B), 0.67mg/l (C), 1.0mg/l (D) and 1.3mg/litre (E) and each contained 0mg/l, 3.3 x 10-6mg/l, 6.7 x 10-6mg/l, 1.0 x 10-5mg/l and 1.3 x 10-5mg/l of active ingredient Dichlorvos DDVP ...
The food habit and ecological balance of fish species in Osun River were investigated for a perio... more The food habit and ecological balance of fish species in Osun River were investigated for a period of 12 months (November 2017 to October 2018) with monthly sampling of water and fish species in the river. Fish were sampled using monofilament gill nets of mesh size between 25mm and 101mm. A total of 4544 individuals belonging to 19 species and 10 families were captured. They were grouped based on their feeding habits into herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Carnivores dominated the River (38.63%) with Cichlids being the most abundant family (95.10%) and Oreochromis niloticus the most abundant fish species (14.10%). The Forage - Carnivore ratio (F/C) for the dry, wet and combined season was 0.64, 0.34 and 0.48 respectively. T-test showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between all the trophic groupings in relation to seasons. The mean values recorded across the sampling months were Temperature (18.70 oC ± 2.69), pH (7.10 ± 0.25) and Dissolved Oxygen (3.20 mg/L ± 0.54) while ...
Freshly caught fish were treated with ginger roots extracts at various levels of dilution, 25%(T2... more Freshly caught fish were treated with ginger roots extracts at various levels of dilution, 25%(T2), 50%(T2), 75% (T4) while T1, the control was 10% saline solution and then smoked in separate chambers of smoking kiln. Smoking temperatures ranging between 100 and 2000C. Products were packaged in labelled sterile paper bags and assessed biweekly for spoilage and organoleptic properties. Results analysis showed that peroxide value was lowest in 75% Ginger (6.04m/Eq/kg) treatment and highest (7.86mEq/kg) in 10% saline solution. Microbial load reduced with increase concentration of extract so were the peroxide values. Ginger preserved products were accepted by consumer seven after the six weeks of storage. Ginger root extracts could serve as preservative for smoked Clarias gariepinus.
The Ilo-Idimu river is situated in the heavily industrialised Ota Town, Ogun State, Nigeria, with... more The Ilo-Idimu river is situated in the heavily industrialised Ota Town, Ogun State, Nigeria, with industries empting their wastes or part of their wastes into the river. The community use the water of the river for domestic purposes such as cooking, drinking, bathing and washing. Iron (Fe) was the most abundant heavy metal amongst the four [Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Lead (Pb)] heavy metals tested for in the Ilo-Idimu River. Though, the levels of lead was more in the littoral midstream (Lit B) and benthic upstream and downstream (Bent A and C) 1.60, 1.40 and 1.30 mg/l respectively. The fish samples of Sarotherodon galileaus tested for the four heavy metals showed that lead (Pb) was present only in the gut of the fish. For the other heavy metals the trend are Cu > Zn > Fe in the scale, in the flesh of the fish Cu > Fe > Zn, while Fe > Cu > Zn in the gills and gut of the fish. The levels of the heavy metals tested in the water and fish samples were lower t...
The food habit of the African snake head (Parachanna obscura) from upper river Ogun was investiga... more The food habit of the African snake head (Parachanna obscura) from upper river Ogun was investigated using two methods of stomach analysis, namely numerical abundance and frequency of abundance. Results showed that the fish fed on alternative food items with a preference for food items of animal origin especially, fish (36.1% numerical abundance and 32.7% frequency of occurrence) and crustaceans (24.1% by number and 26.6% by volume). Other food items which are probably incidental found in the stomach of the fish include protozoan, diatoms, desmids and green algae.
The food habit and ecological balance of fish species in Osun River were investigated for a perio... more The food habit and ecological balance of fish species in Osun River were investigated for a period of 12 months (November 2017 to October 2018) with monthly sampling of water and fish species in the river. Fish were sampled using monofilament gill nets of mesh size between 25mm and 101mm. A total of 4544 individuals belonging to 19 species and 10 families were captured. They were grouped based on their feeding habits into herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Carnivores dominated the River (38.63%) with Cichlids being the most abundant family (95.10%) and Oreochromis niloticus the most abundant fish species (14.10%). The Forage - Carnivore ratio (F/C) for the dry, wet and combined season was 0.64, 0.34 and 0.48 respectively. T-test showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between all the trophic groupings in relation to seasons. The mean values recorded across the sampling months were Temperature (18.70 oC ± 2.69), pH (7.10 ± 0.25) and Dissolved Oxygen (3.20 mg/L ± 0.54) while ...
Aquatic systems in Nigeria have suffered stress induced by human activities which alter the natur... more Aquatic systems in Nigeria have suffered stress induced by human activities which alter the natural composition of the water resources. This study investigated the diversity, distribution and abundance of fish species in Lake Asejire. The lake was partitioned based on accessibility into upper, middle and lower sections for the study. Fish species were sampled using monofilament gill nets with stretched mesh sizes ranging from 44.45-169.33mm. Water and fish species were sampled fortnightly for a period of twelve months. Water quality parameters: temperature (28.96±0.28oC), dissolved oxygen (5.6±0.13mg/l), pH (6.73±0.19) and conductivity (159.8±0.32μS/cm) measured were within suitable standard ranges for fish production in natural waters. A total of 16 species from 10 families were identified from the lake. Cichlids had the highest number of fish species (4) and relative abundance (66.82%) and Coptodon zillii was the most abundant fish species across the months and sampling stations (...
The increased human activities resulting from industrialization and urbanization around the Ondo ... more The increased human activities resulting from industrialization and urbanization around the Ondo section of the coastal waters of the Atlantic Ocean have significantly affected the environment. To this end, the water quality, fish abundance and target status of fish species were identified, not-withstanding the influence of human activities on the water quality and its effects on fish abundance. Four fishing communities were purposively selected based on geographical location and accessibility along the coast; Ayetoro and Idi-Ogba communities on the eastern side and Eruna-Ero and Igbokoda on the western side. A total of 120 structured questionnaires were randomly administered using snowball technique at 30 per site. Erunna-Ero community measured the highest mean temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity and conductivity with 29.39 0.30 oC, 4.48 0.06 mg/L,10.68 0.39ppt and 40.70 0.18 S/cmrespectively, while pH was highest in Idi-Ogba community (6.47 0.00). A total of 61.67% were within...
Africa is blessed with natural and mineral resources, but exploitation of these resources has led... more Africa is blessed with natural and mineral resources, but exploitation of these resources has led to extreme pollution of the environment. Population growth and urbanization due to developments have also contributed immensely to the current pollution in Africa. Traffic emissions, transported dust and open burning are all significant contributors to air pollution in Africa. The Sahara desert is a major source of transported dust, especially during the harmattan season in West Africa. Mercury emissions are very high in South Africa due to coal combustion and gold mining. Air pollutants may contaminate water and soil through atmospheric deposition. However, the major pollution sources for surface waters are the urban and industrial discharges of untreated effluents into the water. A few African countries have standards for effluent discharge into surface waters, but it is unknown whether these standards are being enforced. Though groundwater sources in wells and boreholes are the major sources of drinking water for the African populace, the biological water quality of these groundwater sources is mostly low in the region due to close proximity to sanitary facilities. Identified sources of soil pollution in Africa include agricultural activities, mining, roadside emissions, auto-mechanic workshops, refuse dumps and e-waste. Oil spills are a major problem in oil-rich African countries such as Nigeria and Angola. Agricultural activities are the lowest impacting the soil in Africa, while e-waste recycling was the highest with Pb, Cu and Zn at extremely high concentrations (>1%). There is a need for proper regulation of environmental pollutants in Africa.
Fish meal is widely used in commercial feed production because of its amino acids profile, and hi... more Fish meal is widely used in commercial feed production because of its amino acids profile, and high protein content, however, its usage constitutes a major cost in fish feed production. It is therefore essential to source for a highly nutritious, cheap and readily available substitute which can supply the farmed fish with necessary dietary requirements for proper growth and development. The study utilised house fly maggots (Musca domestica) cultured from poultry waste at varying inclusion levels of 0 (no inclusion), 25, 50, 75 and 100% (maggot inclusions) to replace fish meal in the diets and replicated thrice. A total of 180 Clarias gariepinus juveniles catfish with initial average weight of 10.11±0.12 g were stocked at 12 fish per tank, acclimatised for 2 weeks and fed twice daily at 3% body weight for a period of 12 weeks. The proximate composition of wet maggots showed the presence of favourable amino acids similar to fish meal but had lower crude protein content (47.45%) with h...
Background: Flame retardants are used to delay the onset of fire in products such as furniture, t... more Background: Flame retardants are used to delay the onset of fire in products such as furniture, textiles and electrical appliances. But they have been found at elevated concentrations in the global environment and even in remote locations such as Antarctica. They are toxic, persistent and bioaccumulate in the environment. They cause reproductive health problems, nervous disorders, learning problems in children, affect the unborn and infants. Method and findings: A detailed review of literature was done on Scopus and Science Direct, Pub-Med and Google. Results show that halogenated flame retardants such as PCBs, PBBs, PBDEs, and HBCDs have been banned or restricted in many parts of the world. But despite the ban, they are still being found in high concentrations indicating persistence, absence of regulations or non compliance to regulations. Levels are highest in North America which is consistent with the usage in the continent. Numerous studies have shown that PCBs and PBDEs bioaccu...
Concerns have often been raised on the application of pesticides on croplands and the threats pos... more Concerns have often been raised on the application of pesticides on croplands and the threats posed on aquatic organisms. These pesticides get to the aquatic system from runoff on croplands where there was excessive application and can be more pronounced in integrated fish farming systems. This study was designed to investigate the lethal concentration an agricultural pesticide; 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate (DDVP) on the physical and chemical properties of water as well as the liver, kidney, tissue and gills of Coptodon zilli juveniles. A total of 150 experimental fish of average length and weight of 6.2±0.32cm and 0.9±0.11g respectively were stocked at 1fish/litre in renewable culture tanks (43cm x 30cm) each containing 10litres of water. The bioassay media concentrations were 0mg/l (A), 0.33mg/l (B), 0.67mg/l (C), 1.0mg/l (D) and 1.3mg/litre (E) and each contained 0mg/l, 3.3 x 10-6mg/l, 6.7 x 10-6mg/l, 1.0 x 10-5mg/l and 1.3 x 10-5mg/l of active ingredient Dichlorvos DDVP ...
The food habit and ecological balance of fish species in Osun River were investigated for a perio... more The food habit and ecological balance of fish species in Osun River were investigated for a period of 12 months (November 2017 to October 2018) with monthly sampling of water and fish species in the river. Fish were sampled using monofilament gill nets of mesh size between 25mm and 101mm. A total of 4544 individuals belonging to 19 species and 10 families were captured. They were grouped based on their feeding habits into herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Carnivores dominated the River (38.63%) with Cichlids being the most abundant family (95.10%) and Oreochromis niloticus the most abundant fish species (14.10%). The Forage - Carnivore ratio (F/C) for the dry, wet and combined season was 0.64, 0.34 and 0.48 respectively. T-test showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between all the trophic groupings in relation to seasons. The mean values recorded across the sampling months were Temperature (18.70 oC ± 2.69), pH (7.10 ± 0.25) and Dissolved Oxygen (3.20 mg/L ± 0.54) while ...
Freshly caught fish were treated with ginger roots extracts at various levels of dilution, 25%(T2... more Freshly caught fish were treated with ginger roots extracts at various levels of dilution, 25%(T2), 50%(T2), 75% (T4) while T1, the control was 10% saline solution and then smoked in separate chambers of smoking kiln. Smoking temperatures ranging between 100 and 2000C. Products were packaged in labelled sterile paper bags and assessed biweekly for spoilage and organoleptic properties. Results analysis showed that peroxide value was lowest in 75% Ginger (6.04m/Eq/kg) treatment and highest (7.86mEq/kg) in 10% saline solution. Microbial load reduced with increase concentration of extract so were the peroxide values. Ginger preserved products were accepted by consumer seven after the six weeks of storage. Ginger root extracts could serve as preservative for smoked Clarias gariepinus.
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