This study examines the visual and verbal content of advertisements in women’s magazines publishe... more This study examines the visual and verbal content of advertisements in women’s magazines published between 1980 and 1990 in Turkey. Based on content analysis, we established the categories of products and services, age, body parts, women’s roles, clothes, and locations. We determined the five most frequent words employed in all grammatical or lexical forms: beautiful (güzel), to live (yaşamak), new (yeni), skin (cilt), and young (genç). By examining the data through informal learning, the study looks at how consumer-oriented values were taught informally to women readers during a period when Turkey underwent integration with the neoliberal global economy. We argue that the advertisements in women’s magazines were effective both in terms of disseminating the dominant values of the era and in causing women to informally internalize the consumer-oriented values required for the development of the desired female subjectivities of an emerging neoliberal society.
The research process is a process that can be addressed in a wide range, ranging from philosophic... more The research process is a process that can be addressed in a wide range, ranging from philosophical problematization to an account of self- reflexivity as well as an action to create a memory through the mechanical nature of registration. To include it in the process of knowledge production is a problematic issue in itself. Also such an effort may pose a "danger" for researchers. For instance, you may end up writing something that most readers would call a fiction and/or a memoire while writing field experience. Paying attention to interdisciplinary studies can be a solution in preventing it from happening. However, there is always a good chance to fail. On the one hand you have to know the sensitive issues of different disciplines well enough, on the other, you need to look at them from an angle that not every discipline takes. This is not an easy task to achieve, and that it requires a good deal of education and training to ascertain the quality of research. There is an ...
I grew up in a medium-sized Turkish Village, situated in the interior Aegean region of Western Tu... more I grew up in a medium-sized Turkish Village, situated in the interior Aegean region of Western Turkey, which has relatively infertile and arid land on which villagers have been producing best quality tobacco since the 1960s. The land is not suitable for most other crops, such as cotton, which require an irrigation system. The village has some fertile and wet land near Banaz River, a small river that enables some families to grow vegetables and grapes. Apart from tobacco, until its production was restricted in the 2000s, other productive activities had a very limited impact on the village economy. Specialization in tobacco production in the 1980s and 1990s resulted in the intensification of the processes of commodification within the village. The subsistence sphere of the village, for instance, has been transformed to the commodity sphere. Many aspects of subsistence goods and activities have been transformed into commodities. Milk, eggs, and bread, for instance, have become availabl...
Arastirma sureci, felsefi sorunsallastirmadan “self-reflexivity” tartismalarina ve surecin sadec... more Arastirma sureci, felsefi sorunsallastirmadan “self-reflexivity” tartismalarina ve surecin sadece mekanik yonunun kayda alinmasi gibi hafiza olusturma eylemine kadar genis bir yelpazede ele alinabilecek bir surectir. Sureci bilgi uretme alanina dahil etmek ayrica prob- lemli bir meseledir. Icinde arastirmacilar icin “tehlikeler” barindirmiyor demek yanlis olur. Ornegin alan deneyimi ya da tanikligini yazarken kurgu ya da ani olarak degerlendirebilecek bir noktaya varabilirsiniz. Disiplinler arasi calismalari onemsemek, bu sekilde ortaya cikabi- lecek uc noktalari torpuleyebilir ama bir disipline ozgu derinligin kazandiracagi sorgulama duzeyini tutturamama, her zaman yuksek bir olasilik olarak ortada durmaktadir. Bir taraftan her disiplinin hassasliklarina hakim olabilmek diger taraftan konuyu her disiplinin goremedi- gi bir kor noktadan sunabilmek, kotarilmasi kolay olmayan bir formasyon demektir. Bunu as- manin en etkili yollarindan birisi kuskusuz farkli disiplinlerde uzm...
Orta buyuklukte bir Turk koyunde buyudum. Koy, Ic Ege yoresindeydi. Yore topragi gorece verimsiz ... more Orta buyuklukte bir Turk koyunde buyudum. Koy, Ic Ege yoresindeydi. Yore topragi gorece verimsiz ve corak olmakla birlikte 1960’lardan itibaren en iyi kalite tutun uretilmekteydi. Sulama sistemleri olmadigi icin pamuk ve benzeri urunlerin yetistirilmesine toprak uygun degildi. Ancak Banaz Cayi kiyisinda bulunan bir miktar verimli ve sulanabilir arazide uzum ve bazi sebzeler yetistirilebiliyordu. Uretimi 2000 yilinda sinirlanana kadar tutun disindaki tum tarimsal uretim faaliyetlerinin koy ekonomisi uzerindeki etkisi hayli sinirliydi. 1980 ve 1990lardaki tutun uretiminde uzmanlasma, koyun ekonomik faaliyetlerindeki metalasma sureclerini yogunlastirdi. Ornegin, koyun gecimlik duzeyi meta duzeyine donustu. Gecimlik duzeyindeki mal ve hizmetlerin cogu metalasti. Sut, yumurta ve ekmek gibi bu alana ait urunler koy bakkalinda satilir oldu. Bu makalede, koydeki metalasma sureclerindeki emek ve hizmet arzinin cogunlukla ataerkil duzenin etkisinde orgutlenen kadin emegine bagli oldugunu iler...
The early monumental statues of Atatürk in Turkey have so far been studied from the perspective o... more The early monumental statues of Atatürk in Turkey have so far been studied from the perspective of the state and its ambition to disseminate a national consciousness. While this state‐centric approach has been helpful to understand the role of symbolism in nation‐building, it ends up reducing people to a passive recipient of symbolic indoctrination. We, in contrast, approach public perception as an active component in the discursive construction of these monuments over time. We first analyse the period until the death of Atatürk in 1938 during which the democratic possibility of conflicting with the official narrative remained quite minimal. We then look at the aftermath of Atatürk's death, which coincides with the introduction of the multiparty democracy in Turkey where there were more critical engagements with these monuments, particularly by the right‐wing constituents and politicians. We conclude that such resistance was still discursively bound by the nationalist context wi...
From being a smallholder-based, food-producing country covering its basic needs, Iraq and the Kur... more From being a smallholder-based, food-producing country covering its basic needs, Iraq and the Kurdistan Region in Iraq (KRI) have become major importers of food. The sustainability of the agricultural sector has been systematically undermined by conflict, neglect, and mismanagement, as a result of which the capacity of its farmers to feed the population declined. Even though local policymakers, the international community, and the international organisations emphasise the potential of agriculture for food production, job creation, and income generation, they also tend to consider the current food system problematic because of an alleged low productivity that they relate to the existing smallholder system. For them, such system poses a lack of competences and skills of farmers, and a subsistence production orientation. This approach culminated in a policy-making process that offered land and water for capital investments, and thus neglecting the potentials and competencies of (small-...
Drawing on national and international data sets, we argue in this chapter that food security is w... more Drawing on national and international data sets, we argue in this chapter that food security is weaker in countries and regions where conflict (military unrest, civil war, etc.) and neoliberal agricultural policies coincide, regardless of how powerful their agriculture has been in the past. We contend that while high input prices and liberalized market conditions negatively affect food accessibility much more than production, the production itself is fragile because of high prices of inputs and the cost of waste, transportation, and storage, particularly in a country like Turkey, where small-scale producers dominate agrarian structures. This inevitably transforms food accessibility into a structural problem. Given that putting burdens on small-scale farming triggers rural-to-urban flight and increases unemployment rates and thus poverty, abandoning neoliberal agricultural policies and supporting small-scale farming cannot be considered just an ethical position; on the contrary, it i...
Public monuments and statues of Atatürk, the founding father of the Turkish republic, are everywh... more Public monuments and statues of Atatürk, the founding father of the Turkish republic, are everywhere in modern Turkey. By the time Atatürk died in 1938, hundreds of busts, statues and monuments of him had already been erected in most important public spaces in I ˙ stanbul, Ankara and other major cities in Turkey. They exemplify one of the most effective instruments of the elite-driven projects of modernity by revealing the ways in which Atatürk and his political elites attempted to establish a new official public culture and official history.They have been instrumental in the formation and reproduction of Turkish nationalism since the beginning of the Turkish republic. If statuary is accepted in today's Turkey (marking a shift from the perception of figurative forms as something against the Islamic canon) the statues, monuments and busts of Atatürk have played a central role in this. However, they have also dominated open spaces in a way which has prevented city dwellers from constructing local identities through allegorical representations of the history of their cities.
This study examines the visual and verbal content of advertisements in women’s magazines publishe... more This study examines the visual and verbal content of advertisements in women’s magazines published between 1980 and 1990 in Turkey. Based on content analysis, we established the categories of products and services, age, body parts, women’s roles, clothes, and locations. We determined the five most frequent words employed in all grammatical or lexical forms: beautiful (güzel), to live (yaşamak), new (yeni), skin (cilt), and young (genç). By examining the data through informal learning, the study looks at how consumer-oriented values were taught informally to women readers during a period when Turkey underwent integration with the neoliberal global economy. We argue that the advertisements in women’s magazines were effective both in terms of disseminating the dominant values of the era and in causing women to informally internalize the consumer-oriented values required for the development of the desired female subjectivities of an emerging neoliberal society.
The research process is a process that can be addressed in a wide range, ranging from philosophic... more The research process is a process that can be addressed in a wide range, ranging from philosophical problematization to an account of self- reflexivity as well as an action to create a memory through the mechanical nature of registration. To include it in the process of knowledge production is a problematic issue in itself. Also such an effort may pose a "danger" for researchers. For instance, you may end up writing something that most readers would call a fiction and/or a memoire while writing field experience. Paying attention to interdisciplinary studies can be a solution in preventing it from happening. However, there is always a good chance to fail. On the one hand you have to know the sensitive issues of different disciplines well enough, on the other, you need to look at them from an angle that not every discipline takes. This is not an easy task to achieve, and that it requires a good deal of education and training to ascertain the quality of research. There is an ...
I grew up in a medium-sized Turkish Village, situated in the interior Aegean region of Western Tu... more I grew up in a medium-sized Turkish Village, situated in the interior Aegean region of Western Turkey, which has relatively infertile and arid land on which villagers have been producing best quality tobacco since the 1960s. The land is not suitable for most other crops, such as cotton, which require an irrigation system. The village has some fertile and wet land near Banaz River, a small river that enables some families to grow vegetables and grapes. Apart from tobacco, until its production was restricted in the 2000s, other productive activities had a very limited impact on the village economy. Specialization in tobacco production in the 1980s and 1990s resulted in the intensification of the processes of commodification within the village. The subsistence sphere of the village, for instance, has been transformed to the commodity sphere. Many aspects of subsistence goods and activities have been transformed into commodities. Milk, eggs, and bread, for instance, have become availabl...
Arastirma sureci, felsefi sorunsallastirmadan “self-reflexivity” tartismalarina ve surecin sadec... more Arastirma sureci, felsefi sorunsallastirmadan “self-reflexivity” tartismalarina ve surecin sadece mekanik yonunun kayda alinmasi gibi hafiza olusturma eylemine kadar genis bir yelpazede ele alinabilecek bir surectir. Sureci bilgi uretme alanina dahil etmek ayrica prob- lemli bir meseledir. Icinde arastirmacilar icin “tehlikeler” barindirmiyor demek yanlis olur. Ornegin alan deneyimi ya da tanikligini yazarken kurgu ya da ani olarak degerlendirebilecek bir noktaya varabilirsiniz. Disiplinler arasi calismalari onemsemek, bu sekilde ortaya cikabi- lecek uc noktalari torpuleyebilir ama bir disipline ozgu derinligin kazandiracagi sorgulama duzeyini tutturamama, her zaman yuksek bir olasilik olarak ortada durmaktadir. Bir taraftan her disiplinin hassasliklarina hakim olabilmek diger taraftan konuyu her disiplinin goremedi- gi bir kor noktadan sunabilmek, kotarilmasi kolay olmayan bir formasyon demektir. Bunu as- manin en etkili yollarindan birisi kuskusuz farkli disiplinlerde uzm...
Orta buyuklukte bir Turk koyunde buyudum. Koy, Ic Ege yoresindeydi. Yore topragi gorece verimsiz ... more Orta buyuklukte bir Turk koyunde buyudum. Koy, Ic Ege yoresindeydi. Yore topragi gorece verimsiz ve corak olmakla birlikte 1960’lardan itibaren en iyi kalite tutun uretilmekteydi. Sulama sistemleri olmadigi icin pamuk ve benzeri urunlerin yetistirilmesine toprak uygun degildi. Ancak Banaz Cayi kiyisinda bulunan bir miktar verimli ve sulanabilir arazide uzum ve bazi sebzeler yetistirilebiliyordu. Uretimi 2000 yilinda sinirlanana kadar tutun disindaki tum tarimsal uretim faaliyetlerinin koy ekonomisi uzerindeki etkisi hayli sinirliydi. 1980 ve 1990lardaki tutun uretiminde uzmanlasma, koyun ekonomik faaliyetlerindeki metalasma sureclerini yogunlastirdi. Ornegin, koyun gecimlik duzeyi meta duzeyine donustu. Gecimlik duzeyindeki mal ve hizmetlerin cogu metalasti. Sut, yumurta ve ekmek gibi bu alana ait urunler koy bakkalinda satilir oldu. Bu makalede, koydeki metalasma sureclerindeki emek ve hizmet arzinin cogunlukla ataerkil duzenin etkisinde orgutlenen kadin emegine bagli oldugunu iler...
The early monumental statues of Atatürk in Turkey have so far been studied from the perspective o... more The early monumental statues of Atatürk in Turkey have so far been studied from the perspective of the state and its ambition to disseminate a national consciousness. While this state‐centric approach has been helpful to understand the role of symbolism in nation‐building, it ends up reducing people to a passive recipient of symbolic indoctrination. We, in contrast, approach public perception as an active component in the discursive construction of these monuments over time. We first analyse the period until the death of Atatürk in 1938 during which the democratic possibility of conflicting with the official narrative remained quite minimal. We then look at the aftermath of Atatürk's death, which coincides with the introduction of the multiparty democracy in Turkey where there were more critical engagements with these monuments, particularly by the right‐wing constituents and politicians. We conclude that such resistance was still discursively bound by the nationalist context wi...
From being a smallholder-based, food-producing country covering its basic needs, Iraq and the Kur... more From being a smallholder-based, food-producing country covering its basic needs, Iraq and the Kurdistan Region in Iraq (KRI) have become major importers of food. The sustainability of the agricultural sector has been systematically undermined by conflict, neglect, and mismanagement, as a result of which the capacity of its farmers to feed the population declined. Even though local policymakers, the international community, and the international organisations emphasise the potential of agriculture for food production, job creation, and income generation, they also tend to consider the current food system problematic because of an alleged low productivity that they relate to the existing smallholder system. For them, such system poses a lack of competences and skills of farmers, and a subsistence production orientation. This approach culminated in a policy-making process that offered land and water for capital investments, and thus neglecting the potentials and competencies of (small-...
Drawing on national and international data sets, we argue in this chapter that food security is w... more Drawing on national and international data sets, we argue in this chapter that food security is weaker in countries and regions where conflict (military unrest, civil war, etc.) and neoliberal agricultural policies coincide, regardless of how powerful their agriculture has been in the past. We contend that while high input prices and liberalized market conditions negatively affect food accessibility much more than production, the production itself is fragile because of high prices of inputs and the cost of waste, transportation, and storage, particularly in a country like Turkey, where small-scale producers dominate agrarian structures. This inevitably transforms food accessibility into a structural problem. Given that putting burdens on small-scale farming triggers rural-to-urban flight and increases unemployment rates and thus poverty, abandoning neoliberal agricultural policies and supporting small-scale farming cannot be considered just an ethical position; on the contrary, it i...
Public monuments and statues of Atatürk, the founding father of the Turkish republic, are everywh... more Public monuments and statues of Atatürk, the founding father of the Turkish republic, are everywhere in modern Turkey. By the time Atatürk died in 1938, hundreds of busts, statues and monuments of him had already been erected in most important public spaces in I ˙ stanbul, Ankara and other major cities in Turkey. They exemplify one of the most effective instruments of the elite-driven projects of modernity by revealing the ways in which Atatürk and his political elites attempted to establish a new official public culture and official history.They have been instrumental in the formation and reproduction of Turkish nationalism since the beginning of the Turkish republic. If statuary is accepted in today's Turkey (marking a shift from the perception of figurative forms as something against the Islamic canon) the statues, monuments and busts of Atatürk have played a central role in this. However, they have also dominated open spaces in a way which has prevented city dwellers from constructing local identities through allegorical representations of the history of their cities.
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