בבחירות 2006, זכתה מפלגת "קדימה" ב־29 מנדטים והרכיבה את הממשלה בראשות אהוד אולמרט. מפלג... more בבחירות 2006, זכתה מפלגת "קדימה" ב־29 מנדטים והרכיבה את הממשלה בראשות אהוד אולמרט. מפלגת העבודה, בראשות עמיר פרץ, הצטרפה (עם 19 מנדטים) כשותפה לממשלה. בחירות 2006 מסמלות אף הן את ירידתה של מפלגת העבודה ממעמד של הגמוניה פוליטית ושל מפלגת שלטון מובילה למעמד של שותפה בלתי דומיננטית בהנהגת המדינה. הופעתה של מפלגת "קדימה" בנוף הפוליטי הישראלי, בשלהי 2005, שינתה את המפה הפוליטית בישראל. בחירות 2006, הציגו מפה פוליטית חדשה, כאשר המפלגות נחלקו לשלושה גושים: גוש השמאל (סיעות העבודה-מימד, מר"צ והסיעות הערביות), גוש הימין (הליכוד, ישראל ביתנו, המפד"ל-האיחוד הלאומי והמפלגות החרדיות) וגוש המרכז (מפלגת "קדימה"). החל בסוף שנות ה־70 (אחרי מהפך 1977), הכתיב הימין הפוליטי את הטון הדומיננטי בפוליטיקה הישראלית. שלטון זה, למרבה האירוניה, מהווה מוקד הזדהות פוליטית של קבוצות הרואות עצמן ככאלו המצויות עדיין במאבקי קליטה, וכמי שמתקשות לתפוס את מקומן בשיח החברתי־תרבותי במדינת ישראל. כל זאת, למרות שתהליך השילוב וצמצום הפערים קפא, מאז שנות השמונים, ואי השוויון גדל - שהרי...
Revista General de Derecho Canónico y Derecho Eclesiástico del Estado - ISSN 1696-9669, Oct 1, 2013
The issue of religion and democracy came to the fore in 1992. On that year the Knesset, Israel... more The issue of religion and democracy came to the fore in 1992. On that year the Knesset, Israel's parliament, enacted two Basic Laws declaring the values of the State of Israel to be those of "a Jewish and democratic state". This formula raised heated controversy among legal scholars as well as political scientists and theologians whether a state based on Jewish values can be democratic.The present article aims to prove that Jewish and democratic values are compatible. It does so by analyzing Jewish teachings in order to demonstrate that they are based on democratic concepts. It moreover shows that Judaic concepts are embodied in various legal systems as well as in international documents on human rights.Finally the article examines the structure and governance of the Jewish communities in the diaspora were based on democratic models.
... Elon, Jewish Law in the State of Israel, Part IV of Jew-ish Law-History, Sources, Principles ... more ... Elon, Jewish Law in the State of Israel, Part IV of Jew-ish Law-History, Sources, Principles (in Hebrew ... Rabbinical Courts Between the Legal Hammer and the Halakhic Evil" (in Hebrew), Shenaton Ha-Mishpat Ha-Ivri (Annual of the Institute for Research in Jewish Law) 16-17 ...
Tel Aviv University Legal Working Paper Series, 2005
... 4 Encyclopedia Judaica, 16 vols., 1971, X, 383; Ha'Encyclopedia H'I... more ... 4 Encyclopedia Judaica, 16 vols., 1971, X, 383; Ha'Encyclopedia H'Ivrit Clalit, Yehudit ve Artziyisre'elit (Encyclopedia Hebraica), 32 vols., 1968, XIX, 159 ... Commandments to the Rights of Man, in: S. Shoham (ed.), Of Law and Man Essays in Honor of Haim H. Cohn, New York ...
When the State of Israel was established and the Supreme Court inaugurated in Jerusalem, dozens o... more When the State of Israel was established and the Supreme Court inaugurated in Jerusalem, dozens of Christian clerics implored President Smoira to allow the Supreme Court, as the successor of the Great Sanhedrin, the supreme Jewish court during the time of Roman rule, to retry Jesus Christ and thereby rectify the injustice caused to him.
Hold, hold, what are you doing now? Are you going to arraign his whole life? How can he defend hi... more Hold, hold, what are you doing now? Are you going to arraign his whole life? How can he defend himself from charges of which he has no notice? And how many issues are to be raised to perplex me and the jury? Away, away! That ought not to be: that is nothing to the matter. Holt, L.C.J., Harrison's Trial (1692) 12 How. St. Tr. 833, 864. Exclusion of evidence of similar facts has not been specifically dealt with in the law of Israel and therefore, according to Art. 46 of the Palestine Order-in-Council, 1922, English common law rules have been applied by the courts as a matter of course despite the absence of the jury system in this country—and regardless of the stipulation at the end of Art. 46. The influence of these rules, as applied in criminal cases, is the main theme of this article. In the words of J. Stone, … a fact is similar to another only when the common characteristic is the significant one for the purpose of the inquiry at hand. When facts having characteristics in com...
The Israeli legal system may serve as a laboratory for the application of religious law in a mult... more The Israeli legal system may serve as a laboratory for the application of religious law in a multi-religious state. While defined as a Jewish State so many religions are represented here, some embracing large communities others having a little numbers of followers in some cases no more than a handful. It would be wrong however to view the Israeli system as a classic model. The approach to religion in the State of Israel is inherently eclectic. It combines traditional and new theories, communal and individual rights, freedom from religion and religious coercion, freedom of religion from state intervention, equality among religions and differential treatment of them. These eclectic principles are rooted in historical, theological, political and national grounds. Perhaps the most significant factor contributing to the complexity of relations between religion and state in Israel is that this part of the world – the Holy Land – is the birthplace of monotheism. It occupies a central place...
This short essay examines the place of religious freedom within Judaism. It examines both toleran... more This short essay examines the place of religious freedom within Judaism. It examines both tolerance towards other religions and tolerance towards deviation from religious principles within the Jewish community. Since there are various views in Judaism, the paper endeavors to describe the attitude of mainstream contemporary Judaism. Although there were some periods of massive, even forcible, conversion to Judaism in the past, Judaism is essentially a non-missionary religion. While conversion to Judaism is possible, there is an ostensible reluctance to permit even the conversion of individuals, let alone mass conversion. All mankind was given the seven Noahide commandments, which are comprised of basic moral tenets. At a later stage the Jews were given the Torah on Mt. Sinai, which is binding only upon them. Only at the end of the days will the law go out of Zion to all the peoples. Until then gentiles who follow the Noahide commandments are regarded as the righteous among the nations...
This paper examines the phenomenon of religiously oriented institutions of higher education in Is... more This paper examines the phenomenon of religiously oriented institutions of higher education in Israel. The paper examines the difficulty in defining a university as a "religious institution", from religious, scientific and legal perspectives. It argues that a religious university is problematic from a religious perspective, by putting its emphasis on general, or secular, studies, and by having to face Biblical criticism, which often contradicts religious beliefs and precepts. A religious university is problematic scientifically as well, to the extent that study and research may be subjected to religious restrictions. Finally, the university being religious, affects the social fabric of the university and the character of its teachers and students. Moreover, restrictions of admittance on religious grounds constitute discrimination, which may bring the institute into conflict with state law, which prohibits discrimination. The article tests these assumptions by examining the...
... Elon, Jewish Law in the State of Israel, Part IV of Jew-ish Law-History, Sources, Principles ... more ... Elon, Jewish Law in the State of Israel, Part IV of Jew-ish Law-History, Sources, Principles (in Hebrew ... Rabbinical Courts Between the Legal Hammer and the Halakhic Evil" (in Hebrew), Shenaton Ha-Mishpat Ha-Ivri (Annual of the Institute for Research in Jewish Law) 16-17 ...
בבחירות 2006, זכתה מפלגת "קדימה" ב־29 מנדטים והרכיבה את הממשלה בראשות אהוד אולמרט. מפלג... more בבחירות 2006, זכתה מפלגת "קדימה" ב־29 מנדטים והרכיבה את הממשלה בראשות אהוד אולמרט. מפלגת העבודה, בראשות עמיר פרץ, הצטרפה (עם 19 מנדטים) כשותפה לממשלה. בחירות 2006 מסמלות אף הן את ירידתה של מפלגת העבודה ממעמד של הגמוניה פוליטית ושל מפלגת שלטון מובילה למעמד של שותפה בלתי דומיננטית בהנהגת המדינה. הופעתה של מפלגת "קדימה" בנוף הפוליטי הישראלי, בשלהי 2005, שינתה את המפה הפוליטית בישראל. בחירות 2006, הציגו מפה פוליטית חדשה, כאשר המפלגות נחלקו לשלושה גושים: גוש השמאל (סיעות העבודה-מימד, מר"צ והסיעות הערביות), גוש הימין (הליכוד, ישראל ביתנו, המפד"ל-האיחוד הלאומי והמפלגות החרדיות) וגוש המרכז (מפלגת "קדימה"). החל בסוף שנות ה־70 (אחרי מהפך 1977), הכתיב הימין הפוליטי את הטון הדומיננטי בפוליטיקה הישראלית. שלטון זה, למרבה האירוניה, מהווה מוקד הזדהות פוליטית של קבוצות הרואות עצמן ככאלו המצויות עדיין במאבקי קליטה, וכמי שמתקשות לתפוס את מקומן בשיח החברתי־תרבותי במדינת ישראל. כל זאת, למרות שתהליך השילוב וצמצום הפערים קפא, מאז שנות השמונים, ואי השוויון גדל - שהרי...
Revista General de Derecho Canónico y Derecho Eclesiástico del Estado - ISSN 1696-9669, Oct 1, 2013
The issue of religion and democracy came to the fore in 1992. On that year the Knesset, Israel... more The issue of religion and democracy came to the fore in 1992. On that year the Knesset, Israel's parliament, enacted two Basic Laws declaring the values of the State of Israel to be those of "a Jewish and democratic state". This formula raised heated controversy among legal scholars as well as political scientists and theologians whether a state based on Jewish values can be democratic.The present article aims to prove that Jewish and democratic values are compatible. It does so by analyzing Jewish teachings in order to demonstrate that they are based on democratic concepts. It moreover shows that Judaic concepts are embodied in various legal systems as well as in international documents on human rights.Finally the article examines the structure and governance of the Jewish communities in the diaspora were based on democratic models.
... Elon, Jewish Law in the State of Israel, Part IV of Jew-ish Law-History, Sources, Principles ... more ... Elon, Jewish Law in the State of Israel, Part IV of Jew-ish Law-History, Sources, Principles (in Hebrew ... Rabbinical Courts Between the Legal Hammer and the Halakhic Evil" (in Hebrew), Shenaton Ha-Mishpat Ha-Ivri (Annual of the Institute for Research in Jewish Law) 16-17 ...
Tel Aviv University Legal Working Paper Series, 2005
... 4 Encyclopedia Judaica, 16 vols., 1971, X, 383; Ha'Encyclopedia H'I... more ... 4 Encyclopedia Judaica, 16 vols., 1971, X, 383; Ha'Encyclopedia H'Ivrit Clalit, Yehudit ve Artziyisre'elit (Encyclopedia Hebraica), 32 vols., 1968, XIX, 159 ... Commandments to the Rights of Man, in: S. Shoham (ed.), Of Law and Man Essays in Honor of Haim H. Cohn, New York ...
When the State of Israel was established and the Supreme Court inaugurated in Jerusalem, dozens o... more When the State of Israel was established and the Supreme Court inaugurated in Jerusalem, dozens of Christian clerics implored President Smoira to allow the Supreme Court, as the successor of the Great Sanhedrin, the supreme Jewish court during the time of Roman rule, to retry Jesus Christ and thereby rectify the injustice caused to him.
Hold, hold, what are you doing now? Are you going to arraign his whole life? How can he defend hi... more Hold, hold, what are you doing now? Are you going to arraign his whole life? How can he defend himself from charges of which he has no notice? And how many issues are to be raised to perplex me and the jury? Away, away! That ought not to be: that is nothing to the matter. Holt, L.C.J., Harrison's Trial (1692) 12 How. St. Tr. 833, 864. Exclusion of evidence of similar facts has not been specifically dealt with in the law of Israel and therefore, according to Art. 46 of the Palestine Order-in-Council, 1922, English common law rules have been applied by the courts as a matter of course despite the absence of the jury system in this country—and regardless of the stipulation at the end of Art. 46. The influence of these rules, as applied in criminal cases, is the main theme of this article. In the words of J. Stone, … a fact is similar to another only when the common characteristic is the significant one for the purpose of the inquiry at hand. When facts having characteristics in com...
The Israeli legal system may serve as a laboratory for the application of religious law in a mult... more The Israeli legal system may serve as a laboratory for the application of religious law in a multi-religious state. While defined as a Jewish State so many religions are represented here, some embracing large communities others having a little numbers of followers in some cases no more than a handful. It would be wrong however to view the Israeli system as a classic model. The approach to religion in the State of Israel is inherently eclectic. It combines traditional and new theories, communal and individual rights, freedom from religion and religious coercion, freedom of religion from state intervention, equality among religions and differential treatment of them. These eclectic principles are rooted in historical, theological, political and national grounds. Perhaps the most significant factor contributing to the complexity of relations between religion and state in Israel is that this part of the world – the Holy Land – is the birthplace of monotheism. It occupies a central place...
This short essay examines the place of religious freedom within Judaism. It examines both toleran... more This short essay examines the place of religious freedom within Judaism. It examines both tolerance towards other religions and tolerance towards deviation from religious principles within the Jewish community. Since there are various views in Judaism, the paper endeavors to describe the attitude of mainstream contemporary Judaism. Although there were some periods of massive, even forcible, conversion to Judaism in the past, Judaism is essentially a non-missionary religion. While conversion to Judaism is possible, there is an ostensible reluctance to permit even the conversion of individuals, let alone mass conversion. All mankind was given the seven Noahide commandments, which are comprised of basic moral tenets. At a later stage the Jews were given the Torah on Mt. Sinai, which is binding only upon them. Only at the end of the days will the law go out of Zion to all the peoples. Until then gentiles who follow the Noahide commandments are regarded as the righteous among the nations...
This paper examines the phenomenon of religiously oriented institutions of higher education in Is... more This paper examines the phenomenon of religiously oriented institutions of higher education in Israel. The paper examines the difficulty in defining a university as a "religious institution", from religious, scientific and legal perspectives. It argues that a religious university is problematic from a religious perspective, by putting its emphasis on general, or secular, studies, and by having to face Biblical criticism, which often contradicts religious beliefs and precepts. A religious university is problematic scientifically as well, to the extent that study and research may be subjected to religious restrictions. Finally, the university being religious, affects the social fabric of the university and the character of its teachers and students. Moreover, restrictions of admittance on religious grounds constitute discrimination, which may bring the institute into conflict with state law, which prohibits discrimination. The article tests these assumptions by examining the...
... Elon, Jewish Law in the State of Israel, Part IV of Jew-ish Law-History, Sources, Principles ... more ... Elon, Jewish Law in the State of Israel, Part IV of Jew-ish Law-History, Sources, Principles (in Hebrew ... Rabbinical Courts Between the Legal Hammer and the Halakhic Evil" (in Hebrew), Shenaton Ha-Mishpat Ha-Ivri (Annual of the Institute for Research in Jewish Law) 16-17 ...
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