Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 1997
The first step in numerical analysis techniques is the preparation of a suitable mesh for solutio... more The first step in numerical analysis techniques is the preparation of a suitable mesh for solution domain. In the finite element method, the mesh generation, as a preprosessing stage, affects the accuracy of the results importantly. Furthermore, it is very time consuming when it is not carried out automatically. In this study, an automatic mesh generation technique which can be used for plane and axisymmetric problems is introduced. Meshes prepared with this technique for several geometries are given. With the computer program developed for this study, the desired domains can be divided into 3 node triangular and 4, 8 and 9 node quadrilateral elements with least input information and suitably fine meshes.
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2007
In this study, the residual stresses in the forming of the seed capsule which used in manifacturi... more In this study, the residual stresses in the forming of the seed capsule which used in manifacturing the ferforje was carried out. These residual stresses were made up in the process which bars with 8 mm diameter were converted to 6 x 6 mm2 square profiles. This process was actually a Rolling process performed at three levels. Plastic constant and strain hardening parameter were calculated at each level . Then, elasto-plastic stress analysis of the bar subjected to bending was analzed by means of Newton Cotes formulation. The load value that cause residual stresses on the steel bar was assumed to be constant in elasto-plastic analysis. Elastic, plastic and residual stresses under the load value were determined in each level and results were presented in the graphical format.
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2005
Failure of gears, occur surface pressure stress and fracture at base of teeth. For steel gears, i... more Failure of gears, occur surface pressure stress and fracture at base of teeth. For steel gears, it is known that process of carburizing increases fatigue strength. Internal stress on the surface increases of fracture fatigue strength. In this study fatigue properties of polypropylene gear reinforced with 1.2 mm wire diameter metallic springs was investigated. Extension springs were used as reinforcement element and placed into the mould and stretched before injection of polypropylene material into the mould. After injection of polypropylene, stretched springs were loosened in order to obtain pre-stressing. Fatigue tests were performed on the produced gear. Reinforcement increased the strength of gears. At result of experiments, pre-stressing increase in service life 12 times more than that of specimens without reinforcement.
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 1997
The stress concentration factors for transmission roller chain link plates made of isotropic and ... more The stress concentration factors for transmission roller chain link plates made of isotropic and orthotropic composite materials have been calculated used the finite element method. The stress concentration factors investigated for three different composite materials (fiber-glass, boron-epoxy, graphite-epoxy) and isotropic roller chain link plate and three different geometry. The composite materials of reinforcement angles are fixed 0 and 90 degree. The stress concentration factors the made of different composite materials and several geometry have been compared and controlled by the fotoelastic experiment.
Komur kullanilan guc santrallerinin bir yan urunu olan ucucu kul, farkli polimer malzemelerde deg... more Komur kullanilan guc santrallerinin bir yan urunu olan ucucu kul, farkli polimer malzemelerde degisik amaclar icin dolgu maddesi olarak kullanilmaktadir. Ucucu kulun kimyasal bilesimi ve parcacik boyutu, komur tipine ve yanmaya bagli olarak degisebildiginden dolayi polimer malzemelerde kullanilmadan once bu ozelliklerinin incelenmesi gereklidir. Bu calismada, farkli kimyasal bilesime sahip iki ucucu kul, sert poliuretan kopuk malzemede dolgu maddesi olarak kullanilmistir. Ucucu kuller toplam kutleye % 5, % 10, % 15 ve % 20 oranlarinda eklenmistir. Sert poliuretan kopugun elektron mikroskobu ile hucre yapisi incelenmis ve iki farkli ucucu kulun kopugun isi iletim katsayisina, basma dayanimina, isil kararliligina ve alev alabilirligine etkileri incelenmistir. Deneysel sonuclar, ucucu kullerin sert poliuretan kopuk malzemeye ilavesinin isi iletim katsayisi uzerinde olumsuz etkilere sebep olmadigini, bununla birlikte, basma dayaniminda kabul edilebilir sinirlar icerisinde dusmelere nede...
... Hilal CAN*, Faruk MENDİ**, Muzaffer TOPCU*** *Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi... more ... Hilal CAN*, Faruk MENDİ**, Muzaffer TOPCU*** *Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi, Makine Eğitimi Bölümü, Kınıklı Kampüsü/Denizli **Gazi ... ise N büyüdükçe önce σa azalmakta; ancak yük tekrar sayısının belirli bir N0 değerinden sonra gerilme sabit kalmakta ve ...
Bu çalışmada, ferforje yapımında kullanılan çelik kozanın imalatı esnasında ortaya çıkan artık ge... more Bu çalışmada, ferforje yapımında kullanılan çelik kozanın imalatı esnasında ortaya çıkan artık gerilmeler hesaplanmıştır. Bu artık gerilmeler, çelik kozanın imalatında kullanılan 8 mm çaplı dairesel çubukların, 6 x 6 mm2'lik kare profil kesitli çubuklara dönüştürülmesi ...
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 1998
In this study, the structure of computer program which solves the elastic and elasto-plastic stre... more In this study, the structure of computer program which solves the elastic and elasto-plastic stress analysis of machine elements that are manufactured isotrop materials or metal -matrix composites materials by using the finite element method, have been explained. An isoparametric rectangular element with nine nodes have been taken and Lagrange polynomials have been used as interpolation function. A computer program has been developed which solves the linear equation systems accurately by using optimum time and computer memory. In the calculation of plastic zone stress analysis initial stress method has been used. Two example solutions have been given for the related program. Fortran has been used as a program language.
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 1998
Transfer of the power and motion, shaft-pulley systems is combined different forms. One of them i... more Transfer of the power and motion, shaft-pulley systems is combined different forms. One of them is press fit. In this study, under the inner pressure occurred at the press-fit condition pulley was investigated by the analytic and finite elements methods. In this investigation, the diameter at the shaft (d) and outer diameter (D) ratio was changed with respect to each other in order to investigate stress distribution change. In addition to d/D ratio, computing occurring of stress at the different tightness, the optimum tightness gap was investigated. The fournode isoparametric finite element is used as the solution method. Found result controlled with analytic solution.Now, from the space and automobile industry to food industry the widespread usage for the pulley that is made from metal matrix composite material (steel-aluminium) 0 and 90 degrees reinforcement condition and various tightness solution was made, the press fit condition at the composite was investigated.
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2000
Bu çalışmada, üniform olarak dağılmış çekme yüküne maruz delikli kompozit levhalarda sonlu eleman... more Bu çalışmada, üniform olarak dağılmış çekme yüküne maruz delikli kompozit levhalarda sonlu elemanlar yöntemiyle elasto-plastik gerilme analizi yapılmıştır. Çözümde dokuz düğümlü dörtgen izoparametrik elemanlar kullanılmıştır. 0 ve 90 derece takviye edilmiş kompozit levhalarda farklı delik geometrileri için artık gerilme değişimleri incelenmiştir.
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 2021
In this study, the effects of stacking sequences of composite laminated beams on natural frequenc... more In this study, the effects of stacking sequences of composite laminated beams on natural frequencies are investigated using the differential quadrature method (DQM). DQM is an efficient discretization technique for obtaining accurate numerical solutions to initial and/or boundary value problems using a considerably small number of grid points. In this way, a theoretical DQM model for the laminated composite beam has been developed. Some of the results obtained from DQM are compared with the results obtained experimentally. Then, these results are compared with the numerical and experimental results available in the literature. It has been seen that all of the results considered are very close to each other. It has also been concluded that the effective stiffness of the laminated composite beam can be altered through a change in the stacking sequence. This allows tailoring of the material to achieve desired natural frequencies and respective mode shapes without changing its geometry ...
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 2015
This study investigated the mechanical properties of aluminum matrix functionally graded material... more This study investigated the mechanical properties of aluminum matrix functionally graded material (FGM) reinforced by integration of aluminum 2014 alloy (AlCu4SiMg) and 15 vol% SiC. The specimens were obtained by centrifugal casting technique, followed by aging treatment. The variations that occurred in microstructure, hardness, Young’s modulus, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, fatigue, and fretting fatigue behaviors were analyzed. In both cast and aged conditions, it was observed that hardness values and mechanical properties changed between SiC-rich and aluminum-rich regions. Fatigue and fretting fatigue data were similar. It was determined that greater wear was occurring on the pad surfaces compared to that occurring on the sample surfaces.
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2016
Termoplastik poliüretan malzemeler, üstün fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri sebebiyle, otomotiv, g... more Termoplastik poliüretan malzemeler, üstün fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri sebebiyle, otomotiv, giyim, elektrik-elektronik, tıp, inşaat, makine sektörlerinde geniş bir kullanım alanına sahiptir. Termoplastik poliüretan malzemelerin, yanmaya ve yüksek sıcaklığa karşı dirençleri düşüktür. Bu özelliklerinin iyileştirilebilmesi için poliüretan matris içerisine katkı ve dolgu maddeleri ilave edilmektedir. Özellikle alev geciktirici olarak ilave edilen bu maddeler poliüretan malzemelerin mekanik özelliklerini de etkilemektedir. Dolayısıyla bu malzemelerin mekanik özelliklerinin de belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, termoplastik poliüretan malzemelere kütlece %5 oranında alüminyum tri hidroksit (ATH, (Al2O3 3H2O)) ve magnezyum hidroksit (MgOH, (Mg(OH)2)) ilave edilmiştir. Oluşturulan kompozit yapının yanmaya karşı direncini artırmak için inorganik alev geciktiriciler ile birlikte kabaran alev geciktirici olarak amonyum polifosfat (APP) ilave edilmiştir. Üretilen kompozitlere ç...
ABSTRACT: In this study an elastic–plastic stress analysis is carried out in a woven thermoplasti... more ABSTRACT: In this study an elastic–plastic stress analysis is carried out in a woven thermoplastic fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite cantilever beam loaded by a constant single force at its free end. The expansion of the plastic region and the residual stress component of x are determined for 0, 15, 30, and 45 orientation angles. Yielding begins for 0 and 45 orientation angles of both upper and lower surfaces of the beam at the same distances from the free end. An elastic–plastic analysis is carried out for the plastic region, which spreads both at the upper and lower surfaces. The residual stress components are obtained after releasing the external force. The distributions of the residual stress components of x are also determined. The intensity of the residual stress components of x is maximum at the upper or lower surfaces of the beam. KEY WORDS: residual stress, elastic–plastic stress, thermoplastic composite beam.
ABSTRACT: In this article, fatigue of cracked 2024-T3 aluminum plate repaired with composite patc... more ABSTRACT: In this article, fatigue of cracked 2024-T3 aluminum plate repaired with composite patches has been experimentally investigated. In the study, different aluminum thicknesses, numbers of patch layers, and temperatures have been taken into account. The problem has been considered under plain stress and Mode I con-ditions. First, mechanical properties of the samples used in the experiments have been determined. Then, cracked samples were bonded with composite patches and crack propagation and fatigue experiments have been conducted. From the experi-mental results, it has been shown that varied temperatures play an effective role on the fatigue life.
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 1997
The first step in numerical analysis techniques is the preparation of a suitable mesh for solutio... more The first step in numerical analysis techniques is the preparation of a suitable mesh for solution domain. In the finite element method, the mesh generation, as a preprosessing stage, affects the accuracy of the results importantly. Furthermore, it is very time consuming when it is not carried out automatically. In this study, an automatic mesh generation technique which can be used for plane and axisymmetric problems is introduced. Meshes prepared with this technique for several geometries are given. With the computer program developed for this study, the desired domains can be divided into 3 node triangular and 4, 8 and 9 node quadrilateral elements with least input information and suitably fine meshes.
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2007
In this study, the residual stresses in the forming of the seed capsule which used in manifacturi... more In this study, the residual stresses in the forming of the seed capsule which used in manifacturing the ferforje was carried out. These residual stresses were made up in the process which bars with 8 mm diameter were converted to 6 x 6 mm2 square profiles. This process was actually a Rolling process performed at three levels. Plastic constant and strain hardening parameter were calculated at each level . Then, elasto-plastic stress analysis of the bar subjected to bending was analzed by means of Newton Cotes formulation. The load value that cause residual stresses on the steel bar was assumed to be constant in elasto-plastic analysis. Elastic, plastic and residual stresses under the load value were determined in each level and results were presented in the graphical format.
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2005
Failure of gears, occur surface pressure stress and fracture at base of teeth. For steel gears, i... more Failure of gears, occur surface pressure stress and fracture at base of teeth. For steel gears, it is known that process of carburizing increases fatigue strength. Internal stress on the surface increases of fracture fatigue strength. In this study fatigue properties of polypropylene gear reinforced with 1.2 mm wire diameter metallic springs was investigated. Extension springs were used as reinforcement element and placed into the mould and stretched before injection of polypropylene material into the mould. After injection of polypropylene, stretched springs were loosened in order to obtain pre-stressing. Fatigue tests were performed on the produced gear. Reinforcement increased the strength of gears. At result of experiments, pre-stressing increase in service life 12 times more than that of specimens without reinforcement.
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 1997
The stress concentration factors for transmission roller chain link plates made of isotropic and ... more The stress concentration factors for transmission roller chain link plates made of isotropic and orthotropic composite materials have been calculated used the finite element method. The stress concentration factors investigated for three different composite materials (fiber-glass, boron-epoxy, graphite-epoxy) and isotropic roller chain link plate and three different geometry. The composite materials of reinforcement angles are fixed 0 and 90 degree. The stress concentration factors the made of different composite materials and several geometry have been compared and controlled by the fotoelastic experiment.
Komur kullanilan guc santrallerinin bir yan urunu olan ucucu kul, farkli polimer malzemelerde deg... more Komur kullanilan guc santrallerinin bir yan urunu olan ucucu kul, farkli polimer malzemelerde degisik amaclar icin dolgu maddesi olarak kullanilmaktadir. Ucucu kulun kimyasal bilesimi ve parcacik boyutu, komur tipine ve yanmaya bagli olarak degisebildiginden dolayi polimer malzemelerde kullanilmadan once bu ozelliklerinin incelenmesi gereklidir. Bu calismada, farkli kimyasal bilesime sahip iki ucucu kul, sert poliuretan kopuk malzemede dolgu maddesi olarak kullanilmistir. Ucucu kuller toplam kutleye % 5, % 10, % 15 ve % 20 oranlarinda eklenmistir. Sert poliuretan kopugun elektron mikroskobu ile hucre yapisi incelenmis ve iki farkli ucucu kulun kopugun isi iletim katsayisina, basma dayanimina, isil kararliligina ve alev alabilirligine etkileri incelenmistir. Deneysel sonuclar, ucucu kullerin sert poliuretan kopuk malzemeye ilavesinin isi iletim katsayisi uzerinde olumsuz etkilere sebep olmadigini, bununla birlikte, basma dayaniminda kabul edilebilir sinirlar icerisinde dusmelere nede...
... Hilal CAN*, Faruk MENDİ**, Muzaffer TOPCU*** *Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi... more ... Hilal CAN*, Faruk MENDİ**, Muzaffer TOPCU*** *Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi, Makine Eğitimi Bölümü, Kınıklı Kampüsü/Denizli **Gazi ... ise N büyüdükçe önce σa azalmakta; ancak yük tekrar sayısının belirli bir N0 değerinden sonra gerilme sabit kalmakta ve ...
Bu çalışmada, ferforje yapımında kullanılan çelik kozanın imalatı esnasında ortaya çıkan artık ge... more Bu çalışmada, ferforje yapımında kullanılan çelik kozanın imalatı esnasında ortaya çıkan artık gerilmeler hesaplanmıştır. Bu artık gerilmeler, çelik kozanın imalatında kullanılan 8 mm çaplı dairesel çubukların, 6 x 6 mm2'lik kare profil kesitli çubuklara dönüştürülmesi ...
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 1998
In this study, the structure of computer program which solves the elastic and elasto-plastic stre... more In this study, the structure of computer program which solves the elastic and elasto-plastic stress analysis of machine elements that are manufactured isotrop materials or metal -matrix composites materials by using the finite element method, have been explained. An isoparametric rectangular element with nine nodes have been taken and Lagrange polynomials have been used as interpolation function. A computer program has been developed which solves the linear equation systems accurately by using optimum time and computer memory. In the calculation of plastic zone stress analysis initial stress method has been used. Two example solutions have been given for the related program. Fortran has been used as a program language.
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 1998
Transfer of the power and motion, shaft-pulley systems is combined different forms. One of them i... more Transfer of the power and motion, shaft-pulley systems is combined different forms. One of them is press fit. In this study, under the inner pressure occurred at the press-fit condition pulley was investigated by the analytic and finite elements methods. In this investigation, the diameter at the shaft (d) and outer diameter (D) ratio was changed with respect to each other in order to investigate stress distribution change. In addition to d/D ratio, computing occurring of stress at the different tightness, the optimum tightness gap was investigated. The fournode isoparametric finite element is used as the solution method. Found result controlled with analytic solution.Now, from the space and automobile industry to food industry the widespread usage for the pulley that is made from metal matrix composite material (steel-aluminium) 0 and 90 degrees reinforcement condition and various tightness solution was made, the press fit condition at the composite was investigated.
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2000
Bu çalışmada, üniform olarak dağılmış çekme yüküne maruz delikli kompozit levhalarda sonlu eleman... more Bu çalışmada, üniform olarak dağılmış çekme yüküne maruz delikli kompozit levhalarda sonlu elemanlar yöntemiyle elasto-plastik gerilme analizi yapılmıştır. Çözümde dokuz düğümlü dörtgen izoparametrik elemanlar kullanılmıştır. 0 ve 90 derece takviye edilmiş kompozit levhalarda farklı delik geometrileri için artık gerilme değişimleri incelenmiştir.
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 2021
In this study, the effects of stacking sequences of composite laminated beams on natural frequenc... more In this study, the effects of stacking sequences of composite laminated beams on natural frequencies are investigated using the differential quadrature method (DQM). DQM is an efficient discretization technique for obtaining accurate numerical solutions to initial and/or boundary value problems using a considerably small number of grid points. In this way, a theoretical DQM model for the laminated composite beam has been developed. Some of the results obtained from DQM are compared with the results obtained experimentally. Then, these results are compared with the numerical and experimental results available in the literature. It has been seen that all of the results considered are very close to each other. It has also been concluded that the effective stiffness of the laminated composite beam can be altered through a change in the stacking sequence. This allows tailoring of the material to achieve desired natural frequencies and respective mode shapes without changing its geometry ...
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 2015
This study investigated the mechanical properties of aluminum matrix functionally graded material... more This study investigated the mechanical properties of aluminum matrix functionally graded material (FGM) reinforced by integration of aluminum 2014 alloy (AlCu4SiMg) and 15 vol% SiC. The specimens were obtained by centrifugal casting technique, followed by aging treatment. The variations that occurred in microstructure, hardness, Young’s modulus, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, fatigue, and fretting fatigue behaviors were analyzed. In both cast and aged conditions, it was observed that hardness values and mechanical properties changed between SiC-rich and aluminum-rich regions. Fatigue and fretting fatigue data were similar. It was determined that greater wear was occurring on the pad surfaces compared to that occurring on the sample surfaces.
Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2016
Termoplastik poliüretan malzemeler, üstün fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri sebebiyle, otomotiv, g... more Termoplastik poliüretan malzemeler, üstün fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri sebebiyle, otomotiv, giyim, elektrik-elektronik, tıp, inşaat, makine sektörlerinde geniş bir kullanım alanına sahiptir. Termoplastik poliüretan malzemelerin, yanmaya ve yüksek sıcaklığa karşı dirençleri düşüktür. Bu özelliklerinin iyileştirilebilmesi için poliüretan matris içerisine katkı ve dolgu maddeleri ilave edilmektedir. Özellikle alev geciktirici olarak ilave edilen bu maddeler poliüretan malzemelerin mekanik özelliklerini de etkilemektedir. Dolayısıyla bu malzemelerin mekanik özelliklerinin de belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, termoplastik poliüretan malzemelere kütlece %5 oranında alüminyum tri hidroksit (ATH, (Al2O3 3H2O)) ve magnezyum hidroksit (MgOH, (Mg(OH)2)) ilave edilmiştir. Oluşturulan kompozit yapının yanmaya karşı direncini artırmak için inorganik alev geciktiriciler ile birlikte kabaran alev geciktirici olarak amonyum polifosfat (APP) ilave edilmiştir. Üretilen kompozitlere ç...
ABSTRACT: In this study an elastic–plastic stress analysis is carried out in a woven thermoplasti... more ABSTRACT: In this study an elastic–plastic stress analysis is carried out in a woven thermoplastic fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite cantilever beam loaded by a constant single force at its free end. The expansion of the plastic region and the residual stress component of x are determined for 0, 15, 30, and 45 orientation angles. Yielding begins for 0 and 45 orientation angles of both upper and lower surfaces of the beam at the same distances from the free end. An elastic–plastic analysis is carried out for the plastic region, which spreads both at the upper and lower surfaces. The residual stress components are obtained after releasing the external force. The distributions of the residual stress components of x are also determined. The intensity of the residual stress components of x is maximum at the upper or lower surfaces of the beam. KEY WORDS: residual stress, elastic–plastic stress, thermoplastic composite beam.
ABSTRACT: In this article, fatigue of cracked 2024-T3 aluminum plate repaired with composite patc... more ABSTRACT: In this article, fatigue of cracked 2024-T3 aluminum plate repaired with composite patches has been experimentally investigated. In the study, different aluminum thicknesses, numbers of patch layers, and temperatures have been taken into account. The problem has been considered under plain stress and Mode I con-ditions. First, mechanical properties of the samples used in the experiments have been determined. Then, cracked samples were bonded with composite patches and crack propagation and fatigue experiments have been conducted. From the experi-mental results, it has been shown that varied temperatures play an effective role on the fatigue life.
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