When a page with a <pages /> tag refers to a nonexistent Index: page, it spits out a visible big red error message: "Error: No such index". I just found a page with that error that had been sitting there since 2014 when the Index: was deleted!
It'd be nice if ProofreadPage also categorized such pages into a maintenance category so they'd be easier to discover. Something like "Category:Page transclusions that refer to missing Index files" or whatever.