2019 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology will play a more central role in the future grid de... more High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology will play a more central role in the future grid development than it had in the past due to the technological developments, the increasing use of renewable energy resources and the more ambitious European goals. These evolutions introduce new challenges in power transmission planning and have an impact on the choices of technology and the geographical location of interconnection projects. This paper will give a brief introduction on the benefits that HVDC can provide to the power system, focusing on their penetration in the European system, before dealing with a more detailed description of key HVDC projects in the Italian network.
Recent development of renewable distributed generation, strongly affected by the need of reaching... more Recent development of renewable distributed generation, strongly affected by the need of reaching objectives established by European Energy and Climate policies, has an important impact on planning and operation of a power system. In this context, TSO has to guarantee major penetration of RES generation ensuring security of supply, efficiency and level of service. In literature, the ability of the electrical system to employ its resources dealing with the changes in load demand and variable generation, is defined as the flexibility of the system. Indexes for evaluation of system’s flexibility, defined by European Network Transmission System Operator, are Residual Load and RES ramping. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology to assess the amount of RES generation which must be curtailed to avoid overloads due to existent grid congestions, by extending ENTSO-E indexes. In fact, in the planning framework it is crucial to quantify RES production limits in terms of congestion and system overgeneration. Furthermore, major technical and economic benefits yielded by employing the proposed methodology in planning design of power systems under different scenarios are illustrated.
The current environmental climate changes require actions in terms of reducing environmental emis... more The current environmental climate changes require actions in terms of reducing environmental emissions due to the consumption of solid fuels. A possible way to determine this change is undoubtedly marked by the spread of the electric vehicles (EVs). The spread of these vehicles will also have consequences on the electricity system, due to the increasing of electricity load, but also to the opportunities can be drawn from the possibility of their inclusion in network resources that could increase the margins of reliability in the management of the electricity system. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a study concerning the impact on the high voltage Italian power system of a significant penetration of EVs with a focus on year 2030 based on various National and European scenarios.
2018 5th International Symposium on Environment-Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA), 2018
Offshore wind energy is gaining significant ground in electric transmission systems, due to high ... more Offshore wind energy is gaining significant ground in electric transmission systems, due to high size of installations, higher and stable energy yields, and to policy objectives. The diffusion of offshore wind farms, in view of increasing renewable share, poses specific issues for their proper integration in the electric network, accounting for a wide range of technical and economic aspects. The aim of this paper is to provide a broad perspective of transmission system operator on the influence of offshore wind farms, along with current situation and envision in Italian framework.
2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM), 2018
The presence of power flow control devices is assuming increasing importance in international pow... more The presence of power flow control devices is assuming increasing importance in international power exchange management. In this paper, the influence of proper Phase Shifting Transformer model on a flow-based procedure for yearly scenario network analysis, starting from zonal market structure, is assessed, in order to inspect the impact on national flowgates. In particular, linear Power Transfer Distribution Factors and shift factors introduced by the regulation of transformer are accounted for network model. The procedure is applied to a provisional model of European power system and high voltage network.
2016 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS), 2016
The operation of different energy sources in a MicroGrid (MG) has to be monitored and controlled ... more The operation of different energy sources in a MicroGrid (MG) has to be monitored and controlled by means of the Energy Management Systems (EMS) both in the grid-connected and islanded modes. In the first case, the MG can be seen as a single controllable unit by the grid operator whereas in the islanded mode the successful balance between internal load and planned generation is also required. In this paper, the architecture of an experimental MG is described. Modbus TCP/IP is used as the communication protocol in the MG to receive data and send commands to different components within the system, and monitoring by means of cabled signals is performed. Furthermore, in order to efficiently cater for electric and thermal demand, a central EMS is aimed to evaluate different procedures for the day-ahead scheduling of a MG. In particular, operational planning is proposed and applied to a selected configuration of a testbed facility at Politecnico di Bari. Grid-connected as well as stand-alone configurations are tested.
2016 51st International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2016
The operation of different energy sources in a Smart Grid should be coordinated by means of the E... more The operation of different energy sources in a Smart Grid should be coordinated by means of the Energy management Systems both in the grid-connected mode, to be seen as a single controllable unit by the grid operator, and in the islanded mode, to successfully balance the internal load or to plan corrective measures. In this paper, formulations of procedures for day-ahead scheduling of a testbed Smart Grid are provided, in order to manage electric and thermal demand. In particular, linear and non-linear objective and constraints are employed in order to compare the different computation outputs.
2017 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM), 2017
Interactions between electricity market models and network models are more and more investigated ... more Interactions between electricity market models and network models are more and more investigated due to higher international market integration and operation security concerns. In this paper, a procedure for flow-based analysis according to market results is proposed, in order to inspect the effects of new connections under varying operating conditions over a whole year. In particular, aggregated zonal market results are shared among generators and loads according to specific nodal shifting strategies, and linear Power Transfer Distribution Factors are accounted for network model. The procedure is applied to a model of European power system and high voltage network.
2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), 2018
Electric vehicles can be better integrated in power system through smart charging processes and i... more Electric vehicles can be better integrated in power system through smart charging processes and interaction with local production sources. To this purpose, modular multi-source infrastructures should be developed, exploiting fast charge and vehicle-to-grid technology. In this paper, proper configurations for electric vehicle supply infrastructure, based on AC or DC microgrid, are analyzed by means of optimal sizing procedure and system reliability assessment according to Markov process, block diagrams and supply priority methods.
2019 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT), 2019
The integration of variable uncertain renewable generation, together with the increased consumers... more The integration of variable uncertain renewable generation, together with the increased consumers active role and energy-constraint resources (energy efficiency, demand response and energy storage), result in the need for a more flexible grid infrastructure with adequate ramping capability. In particular, the Italian power system is characterized by a large amount of renewable generation localized in the South, while the major load centers are in North and Center-North market zones: in this context, a key role is played by an efficient generation portfolio and a strong grid infrastructure, in order to guarantee flexibility and stability of the system. In this paper, the flexibility assessment is performed by evaluating a set of indicators related to system and network performances, for the Centre South - Centre North section. The aim is to assess the ability of the transmission system in keeping up the desired standard of security and reliability in the two different conditions, in the presence and in the absence of the planned HVDC link Villanova-Fano.
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2021
Abstract Infrastructures for Electric Vehicle feeding, providing smart charging, vehicle-to-grid ... more Abstract Infrastructures for Electric Vehicle feeding, providing smart charging, vehicle-to-grid and local generation are of increasing interest. The operation of these systems and the integration with distribution networks can gain remarkable improvement by proper DC microgrid structure, able to reduce losses in converters, to improve controllability and to enhance overall availability. In this paper, a procedure for optimal planning of a DC microgrid for Electric Vehicle Supply Infrastructure is carried out, with specific tailoring according to technical configurations for source connection, involving different converter types and topologies. The procedure is completed by a reliability analysis, where rule-based curtailment is performed with multi-state matrix approach, and the effect of expected energy not supplied on total cost is evaluated, at different integration levels of energy storage. The proposed approach is applied to a case study of envisaged demonstrator for an Electric Vehicle service fleet.
2019 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC), 2019
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission has been increasingly deployed in modern power sy... more High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission has been increasingly deployed in modern power systems, over long distances in asynchronous interconnections and offshore wind integration, due to lower investment costs, lower losses and higher controllability. Nevertheless, they cannot provide inherently inertia and frequency support, without the adoption of appropriate control strategies. With the increase of renewable generation interfaced by power electronics and the gradual phaseout of conventional power plants, frequency stability management is becoming a great challenge, particularly in small size islanded and asynchronously interconnected power systems. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of controlling a HVDC to support frequency stability providing primary regulation in future scenarios. We present and discuss the opportunities provided by a HVDC, using an aggregate generation-load model, to the frequency regulation of the Sardinia island in Italy also in the light of the trilateral interconnection between Sardinia, Sicily and Italian Peninsula. Simulations show that the HVDC can assure the frequency stability of the Sardinian power system, if primary control strategies are deployed.
2019 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC), 2019
Along the Adriatic coast, the Italian transmission system consists of a single 400 kV North-South... more Along the Adriatic coast, the Italian transmission system consists of a single 400 kV North-South Line. This limits the power transfer capacity between the Center North and Center South market zones and with the risk of overload in case of high renewable generation in Southern Italy. The year 2019 Network Development Plan foresaw the installation of a submarine High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) line between the Fano (Center North) and Villanova (Center South) substations, in order to overcome environmental and social constrains and allow a full integration of Southern renewable sources. This paper presents an evaluation of the operating limits of a specific portion of the Adriatic 400 kV backbone, both in its current configuration and after the installation of the new HVDC link.
2016 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT), 2016
This paper deals with the experiences of operation of the PrInCE microgrid realized at Power and ... more This paper deals with the experiences of operation of the PrInCE microgrid realized at Power and Energy System Laboratory of Politecnico di Bari in the framework of a structural development project. The main peculiarities of the facility are the integration of different commercial generators, the presence of cogeneration systems, the possibility to manage mode transition and the supervision and control by means of an open SCADA/EMS system where different strategies can be tested.
System dynamic response and related phenomena drastically changed in last ten years; this is a co... more System dynamic response and related phenomena drastically changed in last ten years; this is a consequence of different factors: the very fast development of inverter based generation, the increase of distributed resources, the gradual decarbonization of generation mix and, at last, the change of load behaviour both in amplitude and distribution. The paper explores the more pragmatic effects over the grid due to this fast evolution and the actions and challenges in charge of the System Operators with a detailed focus on Italian initiatives.
The presence of intense human activities in port areas raise the necessity to frame the managemen... more The presence of intense human activities in port areas raise the necessity to frame the management of energy in port in an integrated outline. In view of the realization of the energy development plan for the port area of Bari, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the candidate proposals to improve the energy and environmental performance of the port. Results of studies and analysis carried out for the evaluation of initiatives are presented.
2019 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology will play a more central role in the future grid de... more High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology will play a more central role in the future grid development than it had in the past due to the technological developments, the increasing use of renewable energy resources and the more ambitious European goals. These evolutions introduce new challenges in power transmission planning and have an impact on the choices of technology and the geographical location of interconnection projects. This paper will give a brief introduction on the benefits that HVDC can provide to the power system, focusing on their penetration in the European system, before dealing with a more detailed description of key HVDC projects in the Italian network.
Recent development of renewable distributed generation, strongly affected by the need of reaching... more Recent development of renewable distributed generation, strongly affected by the need of reaching objectives established by European Energy and Climate policies, has an important impact on planning and operation of a power system. In this context, TSO has to guarantee major penetration of RES generation ensuring security of supply, efficiency and level of service. In literature, the ability of the electrical system to employ its resources dealing with the changes in load demand and variable generation, is defined as the flexibility of the system. Indexes for evaluation of system’s flexibility, defined by European Network Transmission System Operator, are Residual Load and RES ramping. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology to assess the amount of RES generation which must be curtailed to avoid overloads due to existent grid congestions, by extending ENTSO-E indexes. In fact, in the planning framework it is crucial to quantify RES production limits in terms of congestion and system overgeneration. Furthermore, major technical and economic benefits yielded by employing the proposed methodology in planning design of power systems under different scenarios are illustrated.
The current environmental climate changes require actions in terms of reducing environmental emis... more The current environmental climate changes require actions in terms of reducing environmental emissions due to the consumption of solid fuels. A possible way to determine this change is undoubtedly marked by the spread of the electric vehicles (EVs). The spread of these vehicles will also have consequences on the electricity system, due to the increasing of electricity load, but also to the opportunities can be drawn from the possibility of their inclusion in network resources that could increase the margins of reliability in the management of the electricity system. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a study concerning the impact on the high voltage Italian power system of a significant penetration of EVs with a focus on year 2030 based on various National and European scenarios.
2018 5th International Symposium on Environment-Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA), 2018
Offshore wind energy is gaining significant ground in electric transmission systems, due to high ... more Offshore wind energy is gaining significant ground in electric transmission systems, due to high size of installations, higher and stable energy yields, and to policy objectives. The diffusion of offshore wind farms, in view of increasing renewable share, poses specific issues for their proper integration in the electric network, accounting for a wide range of technical and economic aspects. The aim of this paper is to provide a broad perspective of transmission system operator on the influence of offshore wind farms, along with current situation and envision in Italian framework.
2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM), 2018
The presence of power flow control devices is assuming increasing importance in international pow... more The presence of power flow control devices is assuming increasing importance in international power exchange management. In this paper, the influence of proper Phase Shifting Transformer model on a flow-based procedure for yearly scenario network analysis, starting from zonal market structure, is assessed, in order to inspect the impact on national flowgates. In particular, linear Power Transfer Distribution Factors and shift factors introduced by the regulation of transformer are accounted for network model. The procedure is applied to a provisional model of European power system and high voltage network.
2016 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS), 2016
The operation of different energy sources in a MicroGrid (MG) has to be monitored and controlled ... more The operation of different energy sources in a MicroGrid (MG) has to be monitored and controlled by means of the Energy Management Systems (EMS) both in the grid-connected and islanded modes. In the first case, the MG can be seen as a single controllable unit by the grid operator whereas in the islanded mode the successful balance between internal load and planned generation is also required. In this paper, the architecture of an experimental MG is described. Modbus TCP/IP is used as the communication protocol in the MG to receive data and send commands to different components within the system, and monitoring by means of cabled signals is performed. Furthermore, in order to efficiently cater for electric and thermal demand, a central EMS is aimed to evaluate different procedures for the day-ahead scheduling of a MG. In particular, operational planning is proposed and applied to a selected configuration of a testbed facility at Politecnico di Bari. Grid-connected as well as stand-alone configurations are tested.
2016 51st International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2016
The operation of different energy sources in a Smart Grid should be coordinated by means of the E... more The operation of different energy sources in a Smart Grid should be coordinated by means of the Energy management Systems both in the grid-connected mode, to be seen as a single controllable unit by the grid operator, and in the islanded mode, to successfully balance the internal load or to plan corrective measures. In this paper, formulations of procedures for day-ahead scheduling of a testbed Smart Grid are provided, in order to manage electric and thermal demand. In particular, linear and non-linear objective and constraints are employed in order to compare the different computation outputs.
2017 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM), 2017
Interactions between electricity market models and network models are more and more investigated ... more Interactions between electricity market models and network models are more and more investigated due to higher international market integration and operation security concerns. In this paper, a procedure for flow-based analysis according to market results is proposed, in order to inspect the effects of new connections under varying operating conditions over a whole year. In particular, aggregated zonal market results are shared among generators and loads according to specific nodal shifting strategies, and linear Power Transfer Distribution Factors are accounted for network model. The procedure is applied to a model of European power system and high voltage network.
2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), 2018
Electric vehicles can be better integrated in power system through smart charging processes and i... more Electric vehicles can be better integrated in power system through smart charging processes and interaction with local production sources. To this purpose, modular multi-source infrastructures should be developed, exploiting fast charge and vehicle-to-grid technology. In this paper, proper configurations for electric vehicle supply infrastructure, based on AC or DC microgrid, are analyzed by means of optimal sizing procedure and system reliability assessment according to Markov process, block diagrams and supply priority methods.
2019 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT), 2019
The integration of variable uncertain renewable generation, together with the increased consumers... more The integration of variable uncertain renewable generation, together with the increased consumers active role and energy-constraint resources (energy efficiency, demand response and energy storage), result in the need for a more flexible grid infrastructure with adequate ramping capability. In particular, the Italian power system is characterized by a large amount of renewable generation localized in the South, while the major load centers are in North and Center-North market zones: in this context, a key role is played by an efficient generation portfolio and a strong grid infrastructure, in order to guarantee flexibility and stability of the system. In this paper, the flexibility assessment is performed by evaluating a set of indicators related to system and network performances, for the Centre South - Centre North section. The aim is to assess the ability of the transmission system in keeping up the desired standard of security and reliability in the two different conditions, in the presence and in the absence of the planned HVDC link Villanova-Fano.
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2021
Abstract Infrastructures for Electric Vehicle feeding, providing smart charging, vehicle-to-grid ... more Abstract Infrastructures for Electric Vehicle feeding, providing smart charging, vehicle-to-grid and local generation are of increasing interest. The operation of these systems and the integration with distribution networks can gain remarkable improvement by proper DC microgrid structure, able to reduce losses in converters, to improve controllability and to enhance overall availability. In this paper, a procedure for optimal planning of a DC microgrid for Electric Vehicle Supply Infrastructure is carried out, with specific tailoring according to technical configurations for source connection, involving different converter types and topologies. The procedure is completed by a reliability analysis, where rule-based curtailment is performed with multi-state matrix approach, and the effect of expected energy not supplied on total cost is evaluated, at different integration levels of energy storage. The proposed approach is applied to a case study of envisaged demonstrator for an Electric Vehicle service fleet.
2019 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC), 2019
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission has been increasingly deployed in modern power sy... more High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission has been increasingly deployed in modern power systems, over long distances in asynchronous interconnections and offshore wind integration, due to lower investment costs, lower losses and higher controllability. Nevertheless, they cannot provide inherently inertia and frequency support, without the adoption of appropriate control strategies. With the increase of renewable generation interfaced by power electronics and the gradual phaseout of conventional power plants, frequency stability management is becoming a great challenge, particularly in small size islanded and asynchronously interconnected power systems. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of controlling a HVDC to support frequency stability providing primary regulation in future scenarios. We present and discuss the opportunities provided by a HVDC, using an aggregate generation-load model, to the frequency regulation of the Sardinia island in Italy also in the light of the trilateral interconnection between Sardinia, Sicily and Italian Peninsula. Simulations show that the HVDC can assure the frequency stability of the Sardinian power system, if primary control strategies are deployed.
2019 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC), 2019
Along the Adriatic coast, the Italian transmission system consists of a single 400 kV North-South... more Along the Adriatic coast, the Italian transmission system consists of a single 400 kV North-South Line. This limits the power transfer capacity between the Center North and Center South market zones and with the risk of overload in case of high renewable generation in Southern Italy. The year 2019 Network Development Plan foresaw the installation of a submarine High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) line between the Fano (Center North) and Villanova (Center South) substations, in order to overcome environmental and social constrains and allow a full integration of Southern renewable sources. This paper presents an evaluation of the operating limits of a specific portion of the Adriatic 400 kV backbone, both in its current configuration and after the installation of the new HVDC link.
2016 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT), 2016
This paper deals with the experiences of operation of the PrInCE microgrid realized at Power and ... more This paper deals with the experiences of operation of the PrInCE microgrid realized at Power and Energy System Laboratory of Politecnico di Bari in the framework of a structural development project. The main peculiarities of the facility are the integration of different commercial generators, the presence of cogeneration systems, the possibility to manage mode transition and the supervision and control by means of an open SCADA/EMS system where different strategies can be tested.
System dynamic response and related phenomena drastically changed in last ten years; this is a co... more System dynamic response and related phenomena drastically changed in last ten years; this is a consequence of different factors: the very fast development of inverter based generation, the increase of distributed resources, the gradual decarbonization of generation mix and, at last, the change of load behaviour both in amplitude and distribution. The paper explores the more pragmatic effects over the grid due to this fast evolution and the actions and challenges in charge of the System Operators with a detailed focus on Italian initiatives.
The presence of intense human activities in port areas raise the necessity to frame the managemen... more The presence of intense human activities in port areas raise the necessity to frame the management of energy in port in an integrated outline. In view of the realization of the energy development plan for the port area of Bari, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the candidate proposals to improve the energy and environmental performance of the port. Results of studies and analysis carried out for the evaluation of initiatives are presented.
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