Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, Mar 26, 2020
Objective: The study was isolated Escherichia coli from cloacalswab of layer poultry farms in Bli... more Objective: The study was isolated Escherichia coli from cloacalswab of layer poultry farms in Blitar area toinvestigate their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.Materials and Method: Fourty swab cloacal samples were collected from 8 farms where located in Blitarfor 3 months. In order for MacConkey agar to be a medium for inoculation and biochemical tests to identifyisolates such as IMViC and TSIA test were performed. The method of antibiotic sensitivity pattern ofEscherichia coli was tested by disk diffusion.Results: The result revealed40 samples, 34 samples were exposed to contaminationbyE.coli. The pattern ofantibiotic sensitivity showed high resistance against ampicillin (62%), ciprofloxacin (56%), tetracycline andtrimethrophim sulfamethoxazole (53%). Sensitive antibiotics were also observed for amoxicillin clavulanicacid, cefepime, ampicillin sulbactam, amikacin and meropenem. The presence of MDR and ESBL-producingEscherichia coli isolated from cloacal swabs of layer poultry farms in Blitar were 47.1% (16/34) and 5.9%(2/34), respectively.Conclusion: This research to find out exposed the layer poultry farms to consider critical antibiotic resistanceof E. coli and regarded potential public health hazards.
Background and Aim: The increasing prevalence of resistance (MDR) of Enterobacteriaceae in Indone... more Background and Aim: The increasing prevalence of resistance (MDR) of Enterobacteriaceae in Indonesia has caused concern regarding human health. Citrobacter freundii reportedly targets the gastrointestinal tract of animals and is a common cause of foodborne diseases associated with diarrhea, peritonitis, meningitis, brain abscess, bacteremia, and urinary tract infection. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MDR and the presence of Class 1 integron-encoding genes in C. freundii isolates obtained from cloacal swabs of healthy laying chickens in Blitar district, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty-five cloacal swab samples were collected from 33 farms in Blitar over a period of 4 months. Standard microbiological techniques such as bacterial culture in MacConkey agar, Simmons citrate agar, and triple sugar iron agar and biochemical tests such as the indole test were performed to identify the isolates. The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of C. freundii isolat...
Introduction Infections of humans and animals by multidrug resistant bacteria are increasing beca... more Introduction Infections of humans and animals by multidrug resistant bacteria are increasing because of the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Disease management may be more challenging if Escherichia coli produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), which could cause resistance to aztreonam and third-generation cephalosporins. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of the bla CTX-M and bla TEM genes among ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from broiler chickens in Indonesia. Material and Methods A total of 115 broiler cloacal swab samples were obtained from 22 farms and studied for the presence of E. coli. The isolates were identified using approved standard methods and were purified on eosin methylene blue agar media. The E. coli isolates were subjected to sensitivity testing using beta-lactam antibiotics, and ESBL production was confirmed by a double-disc synergy test. The presence of the bla CTX-M and bla TEM genes was identified using a PCR. Results It was found tha...
The purpose of this research aimed to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of the methanolic... more The purpose of this research aimed to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of the methanolic extract of dragon scales leaves (Drymoglossum piloselloides) against MRSA (Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Eschericia coli bacteria in vitro using the diffusion method. This research used a population of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli bacteria. The sample to be used is dragon scale leaf methanol extract. The method in this research used experimental with 6 treatments, namely dragon scale leaf methanol extract with concentrations of 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, negative control (methanol) and positive control (chloramphenicol antibiotics). Data collection in this study was carried out by recording the diameter of the inhibition zone using a caliper (mm). The data obtained from the diameter of the inhibition zone of 75% extract variation resulted in an inhibition zone of 17.02 mm (in MRSA) and 8.47 mm (in E.coli). Chloramphenicol was found to be re...
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes avian colibacillosis or colibacillosis and is a m... more Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes avian colibacillosis or colibacillosis and is a major endemic disease of poultry worldwide, including in Indonesia. It is characterized by a black proventriculus and can damage other organs, leading to pericarditis, perihepatitis, water sacculitis, mesenteritis, and omphalitis. The APEC strain is one of the six main sub-pathotypes of the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) pathotype. The relationship between APEC and infection in humans is questionable. The previous studies have suggested poultry products, including meat and eggs, as a potential source of infection for the transmission of ExPEC disease to humans. Due to the absence of reporting of disease incidents and the lack of literature updates on this disease, it seems as if APEC does not exist in Indonesia. Since bacterial resistance is a growing problem in Indonesia, and globally, the World Health Organization issued a statement regarding the importance of assessing rela...
This study aimed to determine the effect of bay leaf extract (Eugenia Polyantha, Wight.) as a nat... more This study aimed to determine the effect of bay leaf extract (Eugenia Polyantha, Wight.) as a natural preservative for broiler chicken meat in the Wonokromo market. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications, namely P0 (control), P1 (bay leaf extract 5%), P2 (15% bay leaf extract) and P3 (25% bay leaf extract). Broiler chicken thighs were soaked for 30 minutes and stored at room temperature (20-25OC) for 24 hours. The organoleptic test processed descriptively and the panelists was the researchers herself. The color of the best broiler chicken meat was at P3 with a brownish yellow color, the best broiler chicken meat smell was P3 with a slightly rotten smell and a bit of bay leaf aroma and the best broiler chicken meat texture was 2, namely in P2 and P3 with a slightly soft texture. The initial test of decay (Eber test) and total bacterial colonies (TPC) used statistical analysis of analysis of variance data. The...
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease
SGOT and SGPT are two enzymes found in the liver in large amounts. Therefore, elevated levels of ... more SGOT and SGPT are two enzymes found in the liver in large amounts. Therefore, elevated levels of these two enzymes in the blood indicate liver disease. This study aims to identify liver disease in cats in Surabaya through the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the blood as the gold standard of diagnosis. Samples came from stray cats and domesticated cats of random age, breed, and sex. The blood samples collected were 62 samples, consisting of 33 domestic cats and 29 samples from stray cats. This study showed that from 33 samples of domesticated cats, 19 samples had higher than normal levels of SGOT, and from 29 samples of stray cats, 27 samples had higher than normal levels of SGOT. For SGPT levels, from 33 samples of domesticated cats, six samples had higher than normal levels of SGPT, and from 29 samples of stray cats, six samples had higher levels of SGPT than average. Data analysis used an independent sample t-test with SPSS for Windows with a signifi cance level of 0.05. The data analys...
Slaughtering of sacrificial animals is a worship activity for slaughtering ruminant livestock whi... more Slaughtering of sacrificial animals is a worship activity for slaughtering ruminant livestock which is carried out on Eid al-Adha and carried out in mosques or outside Slaughterhouses (RPH). The limited facilities affect the welfare of the animals so that it affects the quality of the meat. Supervision in the production chain with antemortem and postmortem inspections is carried out to obtain good quality meat. This community service aims to help the community get a guarantee of safe, healthy, whole and halal, sacrificial animal meat with antemortem and postmortem examinations, as well as holding counseling on the handling of sacrificial animals and meat during the covid-19 pandemic through webinars. The activity was carried out in 13 mosques in the areas of Surabaya, Sidoarjo, Gresik, and Pasuruan. The antemortem examination will be held on 19-22 July 2021 followed by a post-mortem examination which will be held on 20-22 July 2021 with a total number of 112 cows, 220 goats and 1 sh...
Background and Aim: The increasing number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella species on poul... more Background and Aim: The increasing number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella species on poultry farms in Indonesia has caused concern regarding human health. This study was conducted to determine the presence of the virulence gene invA in MDR Salmonella species isolated from the cloacal swab of broiler chickens in Blitar district, East Java Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Cloacal swab samples were collected by purposive sampling from 15 farms in four districts. Isolation and identification of bacteria were performed using standard microbiological techniques. Confirmation of MDR isolates was done using five different classes of antibiotics, including the beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, phenicol, and monobactam groups. An antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, and a polymerase chain reaction method was used to screen for the presence of invA. Results: It was observed that 32.26% (50/155) of the samples w...
Kebutuhan masyarakat akan daging sapi dan daging ayam yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan produsen... more Kebutuhan masyarakat akan daging sapi dan daging ayam yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan produsen daging sapi dan daging ayam harus memperhatikan kualitas daging yang siap dipasarkan sehingga daging menjadi aman, sehat, utuh, dan halal saat dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kualitas daging sapi dan daging ayam yang dijual di pasar Dukuh Kupang Barat kota Surabaya. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak sebanyak 4 sampel daging sapi dan 4 sampel daging ayam dan segera dibawa ke laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya untuk dilakukan pengujian kualitas daging yaitu pemeriksaan organoleptik (uji warna, bau, dan konsistensi), pengukuran nilai pH, pemeriksaan cooking loss, serta pemeriksaan awal pembusukan daging dengan uji eber dan uji postma. Hasil dari pemeriksaan kualitas daging ayam maupun daging sapi pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa daging ayam maupun daging sapi adalah daging sega...
The purpose of this research was to identify blaTEM and blaSHV genes of extended spectrum beta la... more The purpose of this research was to identify blaTEM and blaSHV genes of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli from cloacal swab of broiler chicken in several broiler farms in Blitar. This study used 95 broiler chicken samples, with cloacal swab method. The samples were isolated and identified to find Escherichia coli with several procedures, MacConckey Agar (MCA), Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA), Gram staining, indole test, Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer (MR-VP), citrate, and Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA). ESBL-producing Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from cloacal swabs of broiler chicken were confirmed by the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST). This confirmation test with DDST was conducted to evaluate the presence of inhibitory zones of ESBL activity with clavulanic acid using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on MuellerHinton agar (Merck, Germany). Double Disc Synergy Test uses the antibiotic disc Amoxycillin-clavulanic 30μg (Oxoid, England), Cefotaxime 30...
Escherichia coli is one of the causes of infection in humans and animals which can easily cause r... more Escherichia coli is one of the causes of infection in humans and animals which can easily cause resistance to antibiotics, one of which is resistance caused by ESBL. This study used 160 broilers cloaca swabs from 6 subdistricts in Blitar District. Isolation of Escherichia coli using Mac Conkey Agar selective media, and identified by biochemical testing of IMVIC and TSIA. Escherichia coli resistance test uses 5 different types of antibiotics, including beta lactam (Ampicillin), aminoglycoside (Streptomycin) group, macrolide group (Erythromicin), tetracycline (Tetracycline) group, and sulfonamide group (Sulfamethoxazole-Trimetropin). ESBL-producing Escherichia coli bacteria were confirmed by the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) method. CTX gene characterization using the PCR method. The results showed that 45 isolates (97.8%) were Escherichia coli isolates producing ESBL CTX encoding gene found in broiler cloaca swabs in Blitar district. Positive results on the CTX gene showed electrop...
Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, Mar 26, 2020
Objective: The study was isolated Escherichia coli from cloacalswab of layer poultry farms in Bli... more Objective: The study was isolated Escherichia coli from cloacalswab of layer poultry farms in Blitar area toinvestigate their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.Materials and Method: Fourty swab cloacal samples were collected from 8 farms where located in Blitarfor 3 months. In order for MacConkey agar to be a medium for inoculation and biochemical tests to identifyisolates such as IMViC and TSIA test were performed. The method of antibiotic sensitivity pattern ofEscherichia coli was tested by disk diffusion.Results: The result revealed40 samples, 34 samples were exposed to contaminationbyE.coli. The pattern ofantibiotic sensitivity showed high resistance against ampicillin (62%), ciprofloxacin (56%), tetracycline andtrimethrophim sulfamethoxazole (53%). Sensitive antibiotics were also observed for amoxicillin clavulanicacid, cefepime, ampicillin sulbactam, amikacin and meropenem. The presence of MDR and ESBL-producingEscherichia coli isolated from cloacal swabs of layer poultry farms in Blitar were 47.1% (16/34) and 5.9%(2/34), respectively.Conclusion: This research to find out exposed the layer poultry farms to consider critical antibiotic resistanceof E. coli and regarded potential public health hazards.
Background and Aim: The increasing prevalence of resistance (MDR) of Enterobacteriaceae in Indone... more Background and Aim: The increasing prevalence of resistance (MDR) of Enterobacteriaceae in Indonesia has caused concern regarding human health. Citrobacter freundii reportedly targets the gastrointestinal tract of animals and is a common cause of foodborne diseases associated with diarrhea, peritonitis, meningitis, brain abscess, bacteremia, and urinary tract infection. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MDR and the presence of Class 1 integron-encoding genes in C. freundii isolates obtained from cloacal swabs of healthy laying chickens in Blitar district, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty-five cloacal swab samples were collected from 33 farms in Blitar over a period of 4 months. Standard microbiological techniques such as bacterial culture in MacConkey agar, Simmons citrate agar, and triple sugar iron agar and biochemical tests such as the indole test were performed to identify the isolates. The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of C. freundii isolat...
Introduction Infections of humans and animals by multidrug resistant bacteria are increasing beca... more Introduction Infections of humans and animals by multidrug resistant bacteria are increasing because of the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Disease management may be more challenging if Escherichia coli produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), which could cause resistance to aztreonam and third-generation cephalosporins. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of the bla CTX-M and bla TEM genes among ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from broiler chickens in Indonesia. Material and Methods A total of 115 broiler cloacal swab samples were obtained from 22 farms and studied for the presence of E. coli. The isolates were identified using approved standard methods and were purified on eosin methylene blue agar media. The E. coli isolates were subjected to sensitivity testing using beta-lactam antibiotics, and ESBL production was confirmed by a double-disc synergy test. The presence of the bla CTX-M and bla TEM genes was identified using a PCR. Results It was found tha...
The purpose of this research aimed to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of the methanolic... more The purpose of this research aimed to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of the methanolic extract of dragon scales leaves (Drymoglossum piloselloides) against MRSA (Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Eschericia coli bacteria in vitro using the diffusion method. This research used a population of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli bacteria. The sample to be used is dragon scale leaf methanol extract. The method in this research used experimental with 6 treatments, namely dragon scale leaf methanol extract with concentrations of 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, negative control (methanol) and positive control (chloramphenicol antibiotics). Data collection in this study was carried out by recording the diameter of the inhibition zone using a caliper (mm). The data obtained from the diameter of the inhibition zone of 75% extract variation resulted in an inhibition zone of 17.02 mm (in MRSA) and 8.47 mm (in E.coli). Chloramphenicol was found to be re...
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes avian colibacillosis or colibacillosis and is a m... more Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes avian colibacillosis or colibacillosis and is a major endemic disease of poultry worldwide, including in Indonesia. It is characterized by a black proventriculus and can damage other organs, leading to pericarditis, perihepatitis, water sacculitis, mesenteritis, and omphalitis. The APEC strain is one of the six main sub-pathotypes of the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) pathotype. The relationship between APEC and infection in humans is questionable. The previous studies have suggested poultry products, including meat and eggs, as a potential source of infection for the transmission of ExPEC disease to humans. Due to the absence of reporting of disease incidents and the lack of literature updates on this disease, it seems as if APEC does not exist in Indonesia. Since bacterial resistance is a growing problem in Indonesia, and globally, the World Health Organization issued a statement regarding the importance of assessing rela...
This study aimed to determine the effect of bay leaf extract (Eugenia Polyantha, Wight.) as a nat... more This study aimed to determine the effect of bay leaf extract (Eugenia Polyantha, Wight.) as a natural preservative for broiler chicken meat in the Wonokromo market. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications, namely P0 (control), P1 (bay leaf extract 5%), P2 (15% bay leaf extract) and P3 (25% bay leaf extract). Broiler chicken thighs were soaked for 30 minutes and stored at room temperature (20-25OC) for 24 hours. The organoleptic test processed descriptively and the panelists was the researchers herself. The color of the best broiler chicken meat was at P3 with a brownish yellow color, the best broiler chicken meat smell was P3 with a slightly rotten smell and a bit of bay leaf aroma and the best broiler chicken meat texture was 2, namely in P2 and P3 with a slightly soft texture. The initial test of decay (Eber test) and total bacterial colonies (TPC) used statistical analysis of analysis of variance data. The...
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease
SGOT and SGPT are two enzymes found in the liver in large amounts. Therefore, elevated levels of ... more SGOT and SGPT are two enzymes found in the liver in large amounts. Therefore, elevated levels of these two enzymes in the blood indicate liver disease. This study aims to identify liver disease in cats in Surabaya through the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the blood as the gold standard of diagnosis. Samples came from stray cats and domesticated cats of random age, breed, and sex. The blood samples collected were 62 samples, consisting of 33 domestic cats and 29 samples from stray cats. This study showed that from 33 samples of domesticated cats, 19 samples had higher than normal levels of SGOT, and from 29 samples of stray cats, 27 samples had higher than normal levels of SGOT. For SGPT levels, from 33 samples of domesticated cats, six samples had higher than normal levels of SGPT, and from 29 samples of stray cats, six samples had higher levels of SGPT than average. Data analysis used an independent sample t-test with SPSS for Windows with a signifi cance level of 0.05. The data analys...
Slaughtering of sacrificial animals is a worship activity for slaughtering ruminant livestock whi... more Slaughtering of sacrificial animals is a worship activity for slaughtering ruminant livestock which is carried out on Eid al-Adha and carried out in mosques or outside Slaughterhouses (RPH). The limited facilities affect the welfare of the animals so that it affects the quality of the meat. Supervision in the production chain with antemortem and postmortem inspections is carried out to obtain good quality meat. This community service aims to help the community get a guarantee of safe, healthy, whole and halal, sacrificial animal meat with antemortem and postmortem examinations, as well as holding counseling on the handling of sacrificial animals and meat during the covid-19 pandemic through webinars. The activity was carried out in 13 mosques in the areas of Surabaya, Sidoarjo, Gresik, and Pasuruan. The antemortem examination will be held on 19-22 July 2021 followed by a post-mortem examination which will be held on 20-22 July 2021 with a total number of 112 cows, 220 goats and 1 sh...
Background and Aim: The increasing number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella species on poul... more Background and Aim: The increasing number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella species on poultry farms in Indonesia has caused concern regarding human health. This study was conducted to determine the presence of the virulence gene invA in MDR Salmonella species isolated from the cloacal swab of broiler chickens in Blitar district, East Java Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Cloacal swab samples were collected by purposive sampling from 15 farms in four districts. Isolation and identification of bacteria were performed using standard microbiological techniques. Confirmation of MDR isolates was done using five different classes of antibiotics, including the beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, phenicol, and monobactam groups. An antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, and a polymerase chain reaction method was used to screen for the presence of invA. Results: It was observed that 32.26% (50/155) of the samples w...
Kebutuhan masyarakat akan daging sapi dan daging ayam yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan produsen... more Kebutuhan masyarakat akan daging sapi dan daging ayam yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan produsen daging sapi dan daging ayam harus memperhatikan kualitas daging yang siap dipasarkan sehingga daging menjadi aman, sehat, utuh, dan halal saat dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kualitas daging sapi dan daging ayam yang dijual di pasar Dukuh Kupang Barat kota Surabaya. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak sebanyak 4 sampel daging sapi dan 4 sampel daging ayam dan segera dibawa ke laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya untuk dilakukan pengujian kualitas daging yaitu pemeriksaan organoleptik (uji warna, bau, dan konsistensi), pengukuran nilai pH, pemeriksaan cooking loss, serta pemeriksaan awal pembusukan daging dengan uji eber dan uji postma. Hasil dari pemeriksaan kualitas daging ayam maupun daging sapi pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa daging ayam maupun daging sapi adalah daging sega...
The purpose of this research was to identify blaTEM and blaSHV genes of extended spectrum beta la... more The purpose of this research was to identify blaTEM and blaSHV genes of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli from cloacal swab of broiler chicken in several broiler farms in Blitar. This study used 95 broiler chicken samples, with cloacal swab method. The samples were isolated and identified to find Escherichia coli with several procedures, MacConckey Agar (MCA), Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA), Gram staining, indole test, Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer (MR-VP), citrate, and Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA). ESBL-producing Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from cloacal swabs of broiler chicken were confirmed by the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST). This confirmation test with DDST was conducted to evaluate the presence of inhibitory zones of ESBL activity with clavulanic acid using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on MuellerHinton agar (Merck, Germany). Double Disc Synergy Test uses the antibiotic disc Amoxycillin-clavulanic 30μg (Oxoid, England), Cefotaxime 30...
Escherichia coli is one of the causes of infection in humans and animals which can easily cause r... more Escherichia coli is one of the causes of infection in humans and animals which can easily cause resistance to antibiotics, one of which is resistance caused by ESBL. This study used 160 broilers cloaca swabs from 6 subdistricts in Blitar District. Isolation of Escherichia coli using Mac Conkey Agar selective media, and identified by biochemical testing of IMVIC and TSIA. Escherichia coli resistance test uses 5 different types of antibiotics, including beta lactam (Ampicillin), aminoglycoside (Streptomycin) group, macrolide group (Erythromicin), tetracycline (Tetracycline) group, and sulfonamide group (Sulfamethoxazole-Trimetropin). ESBL-producing Escherichia coli bacteria were confirmed by the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) method. CTX gene characterization using the PCR method. The results showed that 45 isolates (97.8%) were Escherichia coli isolates producing ESBL CTX encoding gene found in broiler cloaca swabs in Blitar district. Positive results on the CTX gene showed electrop...
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