W artykule dyskutowana jest zależność między wybranymi uwarunkowaniami społecznymi a różnymi rodz... more W artykule dyskutowana jest zależność między wybranymi uwarunkowaniami społecznymi a różnymi rodzajami aktywności obywatelskiej młodych dorosłych. Analizowane uwarunkowania to identyfikacja narodowa w dwóch aspektach: patriotyzmu i nacjonalizmu oraz legitymizacja systemu. Aktywność obywatelska została ujęta w czteroelementowym modelu obejmującym społecznikostwo, partycypację społeczną, indywidualną aktywność polityczną oraz partycypację polityczną. W dwóch badaniach, przeprowadzonych w latach 2015 i 2018, wzięło udział odpowiednio 209 i 200 osób w wieku 19-30 lat. Zastosowano trzy narzędzia badawcze: Kwestionariusz Aktywności Obywatelskiej (R. Klamut), Skalę Sposoby Identyfikacji Narodowej (S. Roccas, Y. Klar i I. Liviatan) oraz Skalę Legitymizacji Systemu (A. C. Kay i J. T. Jost). Uzyskane wy-niki pokazują, że każde z badanych przekonań odgrywa odrębną rolę w podejmowaniu poszczególnych rodzajów aktywności obywatelskiej, chociaż modele zależności różnią się w obu badaniach. Niezależnie od badania największe znaczenie w podejmowaniu aktywności obywatelskiej odgrywa patriotyzm.
Słowa kluczowe: aktywność obywatelska; czteroelementowy model aktywności obywatelskiej; identyfikacja narodowa; legitymizacja systemu; młodzi dorośli.
PRZEGLĄD PSYCHOLOGICZNY // The Review of Psychology, 2020
The article discusses the dependencies between selected social determinants and various types of ... more The article discusses the dependencies between selected social determinants and various types of civic engagement in young adults. The determinants included two aspects of national identification-patriotism and nationalism-and system justification. Civic engagement was represented by a four-form model that comprised social involvement, social participation, individual political activity, and political participation. Two studies were conducted in 2015 and 2018, which involved, respectively, 209 and 200 people, aged 19-30. Three instruments were used: the Civic Engagement Questionnaire (R. Klamut), the Identification with the National Group Scale (S. Roccas, Y. Klar, and I. Liviatan), and the System Justification Scale (A. C. Kay and J. T. Jost). The results showed that each of the examined beliefs played a separate role in undertaking particular types of civic engagement, though the dependency models differed slightly between the two studies. Regardless of the study, patriotism played the greatest role in undertaking civic engagement.
Artykuł przedstawia charakterystykę postawy, jaką wykazują się studenci wobec samochodów elektryc... more Artykuł przedstawia charakterystykę postawy, jaką wykazują się studenci wobec samochodów elektrycznych oraz znaczenie wyróżnionych elementów postawy w tworzeniu zainteresowania zakupem takich pojazdów. Samochody elektryczne to nowy rodzaj pojazdów, które posiadają silnik elektryczny i korzystają z energii elektrycznej zgromadzonej w akumulatorach. Wprowadzane są na rynek, lecz z różnych względów ich sprzedaż w Polsce nie jest wysoka. Jak dotąd wiadomo niewiele o tym, jak samochody elektryczne są oceniane przez Polaków. Przeprowadzone badania referowane w przedstawianym artykule są próbą poznania postawy wobec tego typu pojazdów. Badany model postawy obejmuje trzy obszary: wiedzę na ich temat, emocje, jakie one wywołują oraz potencjalne zachowania. Osobami badanymi byli studenci Politechniki Rzeszowskiej, więc grupa młodych ludzi stanowiąca potencjalnych odbiorców nowych technologii. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że samochody elektryczne są mało znane, jednocześnie budzą one duże zainter...
ROCZNIKI PSYCHOLOGICZNE/ANNALS OF PSYCHOLOGY, 2017
The local elections that were held in November 2014 stirred up considerable controversy in Poland... more The local elections that were held in November 2014 stirred up considerable controversy in Poland. The article is an attempt to describe how Poles evaluated the overall functioning of democracy in the context of these elections and what determinants significantly contributed to that evaluation. We examined three levels of democracy evaluation: general beliefs (Jost’s system justification), the current state of democracy (Dahl’s democratic institutions), and specific events connected with the functioning of the democratic system (the quality of the elections and the level of trust in the elected representatives). We also tested the extent to which these levels of democracy evaluation were explained by sociopolitical determinants, such as the general level of trust in people, patriotism and nationalism, or the experience of security. The study was conducted shortly after the second round of the election on a sample of 524 subjects. The obtained results show a low quality of democracy (particularly on the level of general beliefs and trust in the newly elected authorities) and reveal associations between aspects of evaluation and the investigated determinants.
Keywords: democracy evaluation; 2014 local elections; system justification; trust; patriotism; experience of security.
The article shows theoretical assumptions and empirical verification of
the safety experience mo... more The article shows theoretical assumptions and empirical verification of
the safety experience model. The theoretical model describes the presented phenomenon
as consisting of two aspects: sense and reflection on safety. The first
aspect concerns the feeling of an emotional state of security, the second concerns
taking into account of the consideration of safety in assessing the circumstances
of life. Empirical verification was carried out using the Safety Experience Questionnaire.
Its psychometric properties have been developed on a group of 949 people
aged between 18 and 63. The obtained results confirm the existence of a two-dimensional
structure of the model of safety experience at the empirical level, they
also indicate a sufficient level of reliability and validity of the developed research
tool for research conducting.
Key words: sense of safety, reflection on safety, system justification, civic engagement
Artykul dotyczy zalezności pomiedzy typami sensu zycia a treściami celow podejmowanych do realiza... more Artykul dotyczy zalezności pomiedzy typami sensu zycia a treściami celow podejmowanych do realizacji. Jest probą lączenia perspektywy psychologii egzystencjalnej z poznawczą. Sens zycia jest opisany przez cztery typy, określone przy jednoczesnym uwzglednieniu potrzeby i poczucia sensu. W analizie treści celow przyjeto siedem kategorii treści. Badania empiryczne przeprowadzone zostaly na grupie 143 doroslych osob. Sens zycia badany byl dwoma testami, opartymi na teorii Frankla – PIL Crumbaugha i Maholicka oraz SONG Crumbaugha; treści celow wskazywali badani samodzielnie, wypelniając ankiete. Zastosowano test χ 2 , ktory pozwolil określic roznice w liczebnościach celow o roznych treściach wybieranych przez osoby nalezące do poszczegolnych typow doświadczania sensu. Wyniki badan wskazują, ze osoby nalezące do odrebnych typow sensu zycia wybierają do realizacji cele o odrebnych treściach.
Civic activity is a foundation of civil society. Its has been largely researched by sociologists ... more Civic activity is a foundation of civil society. Its has been largely researched by sociologists and recently attracts a growing attention of psychologists. This paper outlines the theoretical background and a procedure for creating and verifying the empirical measure for researching active citizenship. Civic Activity Questionnaire (CAQ) was built on the basis of a theoretical model which distinguishes four types of active citizenship: social commitment, social participation, individual political activity and political participation. The results of three studies (739 participants in total), conÞrmed the theoretical model of civic diversity at the empirical level. The obtained parameters indicate the sufÞcient level of reliability and a satisfactory level of internal and external validity.
Keywords: civic activity, types of active citizenship, psychological assessment, social participation, politic participation
The article is aimed at showing the theoretical model of civic activity understood as a social ac... more The article is aimed at showing the theoretical model of civic activity understood as a social activity in the context of being a citizen in a democratic state. Humans as social beings take actions as members of their own group and in the interest of other people. In the context of democratic system it is justifi ed to distinguish civic activity as a separate kind of social activity. Theoretical analysis of the presented activity allows to differentiate and describe four forms of it, such as social commitment, social (civic) participation, individual political activity and participation in governing. This model can be used as a benchmark in interdisciplinary research and theoretical as well as empirically-based analyses, which describe the activities of humans realizing social interests.
Key words: active citizenship; social relations; democracy; social participation.
ROCZNIKI PSYCHOLOGICZNE/ANNALS OF PSYCHOLOGY, 2017
The local elections that were held in November 2014 stirred up considerable controversy in Poland... more The local elections that were held in November 2014 stirred up considerable controversy in Poland. The article is an attempt to describe how Poles evaluated the overall functioning of democracy in the context of these elections and what determinants significantly contributed to that evaluation. We examined three levels of democracy evaluation: general beliefs (Jost’s system justification), the current state of democracy (Dahl’s democratic institutions), and specific events connected with the functioning of the democratic system (the quality of the elections and the level of trust in the elected representatives). We also tested the extent to which these levels of democracy evaluation were explained by sociopolitical determinants, such as the general level of trust in people, patriotism and nationalism, or the experience of security. The study was conducted shortly after the second round of the election on a sample of 524 subjects. The obtained results show a low quality of democracy (particularly on the level of general beliefs and trust in the newly elected authorities) and reveal associations between aspects of evaluation and the investigated determinants.
Keywords: democracy evaluation; 2014 local elections; system justification; trust; patriotism; experience of security.
ZESZYTY NAUKOWE POLITECHNIKI RZESZOWSKIEJ. Seria: Ekonomia i Nauki Humanistyczne // Scientific Journals of Rzeszów University of Technology, Series: Economics and Humanities, 2012
The presented article replies the need for a more complete understanding the category of safety a... more The presented article replies the need for a more complete understanding the category of safety as a concept applied in various fields of knowledge – the interdisciplinary notion. It aims at the characteristics of safety in the psychological perspective. It shows them as needs, values and sense. It also indicates the relationships that exist between these aspects.
Keywords: definition of security, security as need and value, sense of security, safety experience
Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration, 2012
Presented article attempts to show sense of life perspective as a determinant of decision making.... more Presented article attempts to show sense of life perspective as a determinant of decision making. It is assumed that the sense of life perspective described as life attitudes is significant in assessment of decision problem defined in the predecision phase of the decision making process. The predicted dependence was analysed in three categories of decision: self-development, financial and voting. The research was conducted on two groups of 186 and 86 participants. Two methods were used in the research: the Life Attitude Profile -Revised (LAP-R) and the Decision Assessment Questionnaire. In statistical analysis, the canonical correlation analysis was used. The scores show that the life attitudes (especially: Purpose, Coherence, Life Control and Existential Vacuum) are correlated with the assessment factor (especially: Cognitive Analysis and Affective Assessment) of each tested category of decision. However, the most significant relationship is found in the self-development decision.
W artykule dyskutowana jest zależność między wybranymi uwarunkowaniami społecznymi a różnymi rodz... more W artykule dyskutowana jest zależność między wybranymi uwarunkowaniami społecznymi a różnymi rodzajami aktywności obywatelskiej młodych dorosłych. Analizowane uwarunkowania to identyfikacja narodowa w dwóch aspektach: patriotyzmu i nacjonalizmu oraz legitymizacja systemu. Aktywność obywatelska została ujęta w czteroelementowym modelu obejmującym społecznikostwo, partycypację społeczną, indywidualną aktywność polityczną oraz partycypację polityczną. W dwóch badaniach, przeprowadzonych w latach 2015 i 2018, wzięło udział odpowiednio 209 i 200 osób w wieku 19-30 lat. Zastosowano trzy narzędzia badawcze: Kwestionariusz Aktywności Obywatelskiej (R. Klamut), Skalę Sposoby Identyfikacji Narodowej (S. Roccas, Y. Klar i I. Liviatan) oraz Skalę Legitymizacji Systemu (A. C. Kay i J. T. Jost). Uzyskane wy-niki pokazują, że każde z badanych przekonań odgrywa odrębną rolę w podejmowaniu poszczególnych rodzajów aktywności obywatelskiej, chociaż modele zależności różnią się w obu badaniach. Niezależnie od badania największe znaczenie w podejmowaniu aktywności obywatelskiej odgrywa patriotyzm.
Słowa kluczowe: aktywność obywatelska; czteroelementowy model aktywności obywatelskiej; identyfikacja narodowa; legitymizacja systemu; młodzi dorośli.
PRZEGLĄD PSYCHOLOGICZNY // The Review of Psychology, 2020
The article discusses the dependencies between selected social determinants and various types of ... more The article discusses the dependencies between selected social determinants and various types of civic engagement in young adults. The determinants included two aspects of national identification-patriotism and nationalism-and system justification. Civic engagement was represented by a four-form model that comprised social involvement, social participation, individual political activity, and political participation. Two studies were conducted in 2015 and 2018, which involved, respectively, 209 and 200 people, aged 19-30. Three instruments were used: the Civic Engagement Questionnaire (R. Klamut), the Identification with the National Group Scale (S. Roccas, Y. Klar, and I. Liviatan), and the System Justification Scale (A. C. Kay and J. T. Jost). The results showed that each of the examined beliefs played a separate role in undertaking particular types of civic engagement, though the dependency models differed slightly between the two studies. Regardless of the study, patriotism played the greatest role in undertaking civic engagement.
Artykuł przedstawia charakterystykę postawy, jaką wykazują się studenci wobec samochodów elektryc... more Artykuł przedstawia charakterystykę postawy, jaką wykazują się studenci wobec samochodów elektrycznych oraz znaczenie wyróżnionych elementów postawy w tworzeniu zainteresowania zakupem takich pojazdów. Samochody elektryczne to nowy rodzaj pojazdów, które posiadają silnik elektryczny i korzystają z energii elektrycznej zgromadzonej w akumulatorach. Wprowadzane są na rynek, lecz z różnych względów ich sprzedaż w Polsce nie jest wysoka. Jak dotąd wiadomo niewiele o tym, jak samochody elektryczne są oceniane przez Polaków. Przeprowadzone badania referowane w przedstawianym artykule są próbą poznania postawy wobec tego typu pojazdów. Badany model postawy obejmuje trzy obszary: wiedzę na ich temat, emocje, jakie one wywołują oraz potencjalne zachowania. Osobami badanymi byli studenci Politechniki Rzeszowskiej, więc grupa młodych ludzi stanowiąca potencjalnych odbiorców nowych technologii. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że samochody elektryczne są mało znane, jednocześnie budzą one duże zainter...
ROCZNIKI PSYCHOLOGICZNE/ANNALS OF PSYCHOLOGY, 2017
The local elections that were held in November 2014 stirred up considerable controversy in Poland... more The local elections that were held in November 2014 stirred up considerable controversy in Poland. The article is an attempt to describe how Poles evaluated the overall functioning of democracy in the context of these elections and what determinants significantly contributed to that evaluation. We examined three levels of democracy evaluation: general beliefs (Jost’s system justification), the current state of democracy (Dahl’s democratic institutions), and specific events connected with the functioning of the democratic system (the quality of the elections and the level of trust in the elected representatives). We also tested the extent to which these levels of democracy evaluation were explained by sociopolitical determinants, such as the general level of trust in people, patriotism and nationalism, or the experience of security. The study was conducted shortly after the second round of the election on a sample of 524 subjects. The obtained results show a low quality of democracy (particularly on the level of general beliefs and trust in the newly elected authorities) and reveal associations between aspects of evaluation and the investigated determinants.
Keywords: democracy evaluation; 2014 local elections; system justification; trust; patriotism; experience of security.
The article shows theoretical assumptions and empirical verification of
the safety experience mo... more The article shows theoretical assumptions and empirical verification of
the safety experience model. The theoretical model describes the presented phenomenon
as consisting of two aspects: sense and reflection on safety. The first
aspect concerns the feeling of an emotional state of security, the second concerns
taking into account of the consideration of safety in assessing the circumstances
of life. Empirical verification was carried out using the Safety Experience Questionnaire.
Its psychometric properties have been developed on a group of 949 people
aged between 18 and 63. The obtained results confirm the existence of a two-dimensional
structure of the model of safety experience at the empirical level, they
also indicate a sufficient level of reliability and validity of the developed research
tool for research conducting.
Key words: sense of safety, reflection on safety, system justification, civic engagement
Artykul dotyczy zalezności pomiedzy typami sensu zycia a treściami celow podejmowanych do realiza... more Artykul dotyczy zalezności pomiedzy typami sensu zycia a treściami celow podejmowanych do realizacji. Jest probą lączenia perspektywy psychologii egzystencjalnej z poznawczą. Sens zycia jest opisany przez cztery typy, określone przy jednoczesnym uwzglednieniu potrzeby i poczucia sensu. W analizie treści celow przyjeto siedem kategorii treści. Badania empiryczne przeprowadzone zostaly na grupie 143 doroslych osob. Sens zycia badany byl dwoma testami, opartymi na teorii Frankla – PIL Crumbaugha i Maholicka oraz SONG Crumbaugha; treści celow wskazywali badani samodzielnie, wypelniając ankiete. Zastosowano test χ 2 , ktory pozwolil określic roznice w liczebnościach celow o roznych treściach wybieranych przez osoby nalezące do poszczegolnych typow doświadczania sensu. Wyniki badan wskazują, ze osoby nalezące do odrebnych typow sensu zycia wybierają do realizacji cele o odrebnych treściach.
Civic activity is a foundation of civil society. Its has been largely researched by sociologists ... more Civic activity is a foundation of civil society. Its has been largely researched by sociologists and recently attracts a growing attention of psychologists. This paper outlines the theoretical background and a procedure for creating and verifying the empirical measure for researching active citizenship. Civic Activity Questionnaire (CAQ) was built on the basis of a theoretical model which distinguishes four types of active citizenship: social commitment, social participation, individual political activity and political participation. The results of three studies (739 participants in total), conÞrmed the theoretical model of civic diversity at the empirical level. The obtained parameters indicate the sufÞcient level of reliability and a satisfactory level of internal and external validity.
Keywords: civic activity, types of active citizenship, psychological assessment, social participation, politic participation
The article is aimed at showing the theoretical model of civic activity understood as a social ac... more The article is aimed at showing the theoretical model of civic activity understood as a social activity in the context of being a citizen in a democratic state. Humans as social beings take actions as members of their own group and in the interest of other people. In the context of democratic system it is justifi ed to distinguish civic activity as a separate kind of social activity. Theoretical analysis of the presented activity allows to differentiate and describe four forms of it, such as social commitment, social (civic) participation, individual political activity and participation in governing. This model can be used as a benchmark in interdisciplinary research and theoretical as well as empirically-based analyses, which describe the activities of humans realizing social interests.
Key words: active citizenship; social relations; democracy; social participation.
ROCZNIKI PSYCHOLOGICZNE/ANNALS OF PSYCHOLOGY, 2017
The local elections that were held in November 2014 stirred up considerable controversy in Poland... more The local elections that were held in November 2014 stirred up considerable controversy in Poland. The article is an attempt to describe how Poles evaluated the overall functioning of democracy in the context of these elections and what determinants significantly contributed to that evaluation. We examined three levels of democracy evaluation: general beliefs (Jost’s system justification), the current state of democracy (Dahl’s democratic institutions), and specific events connected with the functioning of the democratic system (the quality of the elections and the level of trust in the elected representatives). We also tested the extent to which these levels of democracy evaluation were explained by sociopolitical determinants, such as the general level of trust in people, patriotism and nationalism, or the experience of security. The study was conducted shortly after the second round of the election on a sample of 524 subjects. The obtained results show a low quality of democracy (particularly on the level of general beliefs and trust in the newly elected authorities) and reveal associations between aspects of evaluation and the investigated determinants.
Keywords: democracy evaluation; 2014 local elections; system justification; trust; patriotism; experience of security.
ZESZYTY NAUKOWE POLITECHNIKI RZESZOWSKIEJ. Seria: Ekonomia i Nauki Humanistyczne // Scientific Journals of Rzeszów University of Technology, Series: Economics and Humanities, 2012
The presented article replies the need for a more complete understanding the category of safety a... more The presented article replies the need for a more complete understanding the category of safety as a concept applied in various fields of knowledge – the interdisciplinary notion. It aims at the characteristics of safety in the psychological perspective. It shows them as needs, values and sense. It also indicates the relationships that exist between these aspects.
Keywords: definition of security, security as need and value, sense of security, safety experience
Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration, 2012
Presented article attempts to show sense of life perspective as a determinant of decision making.... more Presented article attempts to show sense of life perspective as a determinant of decision making. It is assumed that the sense of life perspective described as life attitudes is significant in assessment of decision problem defined in the predecision phase of the decision making process. The predicted dependence was analysed in three categories of decision: self-development, financial and voting. The research was conducted on two groups of 186 and 86 participants. Two methods were used in the research: the Life Attitude Profile -Revised (LAP-R) and the Decision Assessment Questionnaire. In statistical analysis, the canonical correlation analysis was used. The scores show that the life attitudes (especially: Purpose, Coherence, Life Control and Existential Vacuum) are correlated with the assessment factor (especially: Cognitive Analysis and Affective Assessment) of each tested category of decision. However, the most significant relationship is found in the self-development decision.
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Papers by Ryszard Klamut
Słowa kluczowe: aktywność obywatelska; czteroelementowy model aktywności obywatelskiej; identyfikacja narodowa; legitymizacja systemu; młodzi dorośli.
Keywords: democracy evaluation; 2014 local elections; system justification; trust; patriotism; experience of security.
the safety experience model. The theoretical model describes the presented phenomenon
as consisting of two aspects: sense and reflection on safety. The first
aspect concerns the feeling of an emotional state of security, the second concerns
taking into account of the consideration of safety in assessing the circumstances
of life. Empirical verification was carried out using the Safety Experience Questionnaire.
Its psychometric properties have been developed on a group of 949 people
aged between 18 and 63. The obtained results confirm the existence of a two-dimensional
structure of the model of safety experience at the empirical level, they
also indicate a sufficient level of reliability and validity of the developed research
tool for research conducting.
Key words: sense of safety, reflection on safety, system justification, civic engagement
level of internal and external validity.
Keywords: civic activity, types of active citizenship, psychological assessment, social participation, politic participation
Key words: active citizenship; social relations; democracy; social participation.
Keywords: democracy evaluation; 2014 local elections; system justification; trust; patriotism; experience of security.
Keywords: definition of security, security as need and value, sense of security, safety experience
Słowa kluczowe: aktywność obywatelska; czteroelementowy model aktywności obywatelskiej; identyfikacja narodowa; legitymizacja systemu; młodzi dorośli.
Keywords: democracy evaluation; 2014 local elections; system justification; trust; patriotism; experience of security.
the safety experience model. The theoretical model describes the presented phenomenon
as consisting of two aspects: sense and reflection on safety. The first
aspect concerns the feeling of an emotional state of security, the second concerns
taking into account of the consideration of safety in assessing the circumstances
of life. Empirical verification was carried out using the Safety Experience Questionnaire.
Its psychometric properties have been developed on a group of 949 people
aged between 18 and 63. The obtained results confirm the existence of a two-dimensional
structure of the model of safety experience at the empirical level, they
also indicate a sufficient level of reliability and validity of the developed research
tool for research conducting.
Key words: sense of safety, reflection on safety, system justification, civic engagement
level of internal and external validity.
Keywords: civic activity, types of active citizenship, psychological assessment, social participation, politic participation
Key words: active citizenship; social relations; democracy; social participation.
Keywords: democracy evaluation; 2014 local elections; system justification; trust; patriotism; experience of security.
Keywords: definition of security, security as need and value, sense of security, safety experience