Professor, Dept. of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Phone: +8801718595932 Address: Professor, Dept. of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barishal-8210
Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the demographic variables and hemato-b... more Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the demographic variables and hemato-biochemical investigation of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in buffaloes in some selected coastal areas of Bhola district, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the selected coastal regions of Bhola district, Bangladesh, from July 2020 to June 2021. A total of 180 randomly selected buffaloes were investigated by a tuberculin test (CZV Bovine Tuberculin purified protein derivative). Blood and serum samples were also collected for routine blood analysis and biochemical study in the present study. Results: The prevalence of bTB was recorded at 3.33% in buffaloes in the study area. The highest prevalence of the disease was recorded in older age (4%) and female buffaloes (4.17%). bTB was the highest in poor health buffaloes (4.21%), followed by medium (3.33%) and good health conditions (0.00%). In the present study, total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume (PCV) values were lower in infected individuals as compared with healthy buffaloes. In contrast, the PCV count was significantly lower in infected buffaloes. On the other hand, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were comparatively higher in disease-positive buffaloes than in healthy individuals. Total leukocyte count was relatively higher in infected buffaloes than in healthy ones. In the differential leukocyte count, neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, and monocyte numbers were comparatively higher in infected buffaloes. Monocyte numbers were significantly higher in infected buffaloes. However, the lymphocyte numbers were more or less similar in healthy and tuberculosis-positive animals. Biochemical values of calcium, phosphorus, glucose, cholesterol, and creatinine were comparatively lower in tuberculosis-affected animals. Among the values, the glucose, phosphorus, and cholesterol levels were significantly lower in TB-affected buffaloes. The values of total protein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase were comparatively higher in TB-affected individuals. Conclusion: The findings of the present study might be helpful to assess the economic importance and preventive measures of bTB in the study area.
Background: Food safety is now a global issue especially in developing countries like Bangladesh.... more Background: Food safety is now a global issue especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Foodborne diseases are leading causes of illness and death in man, animals and birds in the world. Antibiotic resistant Salmonella and E. coli may transfer these resistances to humans through consuming chicken meat and frozen milk available in the market. There is no study on the microbiological load in chicken meat and frozen milk marketed in Barishal city. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the contamination of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in chicken meat and frozen milk along with their antimicrobial resistance pattern in Barishal city. Methods: A total of 40 samples including frozen milk (n=20) and chicken meat (n=20) were aseptically collected between July 2020 and June 2021 from a renowned shop and open retail market of the municipal area in Barishal city. The isolation and identification of E. coli and Salmonella spp. were done by conventional techniques. The antimicrobial profile was evaluated through a disk diffusion method. Results: The overall detection of E. coli and Salmonella spp. were 62.5% and 32.5% in milk and chicken meat specimens. No salmonella was detected in milk samples whereas Salmonella spp. was detected only in 65% of chicken meat samples. An overall 100% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Both E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken meat and milk were highly sensitive to amikacin (71%-100%) followed by gentamicin (64%-87%), sulpha-trimethoprim (13%-67%); and highly resistant (100%) to oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, and ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: Chicken meat and milk should be cooked or heated thoroughly before consumption. Amikacin, gentamicin, and sulfa-trimethoprim should be the drugs of choice for the treatment of salmonellosis and colibacillosis in dairy and poultry in the study area. Hygienic and sanitary measures should be taken in all aspects from the farm to fork.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is the most important pathogenic Mycoplasma spp. causing avian myco... more Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is the most important pathogenic Mycoplasma spp. causing avian mycoplasmosis and brought about huge economic losses to poultry industry in Bangladesh. The present study was undertaken to know the seroprevalence of MG in layer birds in three different geographical areas of southern Barishal division, Bangladesh. Total 310 sera samples were collected from wing vein of 30 farms for this study. Sera samples were tested with Rapid Serum Agglutination (RSA) for MG using commercial Antigen Kit (manufactured by Lillidale Diagnostic) to detect the presence of antibodies against MG. The overall seroprevalence of MG by RSA was 36.13%. Seroprevalence of MG infection was dominant in winter season (45.54%) and significantly highest occurrence was recorded in age groups from 20-40 weeks of layer chickens (51.79%). Serological investigation in three different upazila of Barishal division showed the highest infection rate (45.26%) in medium scale flocks (1000-3000) in comparison to (21.43%) small (<1000) flocks. The seroprevalence of MG was highest in Swarupkathi (44.38%) than in Barishal Sadar (26%) and Banaripara upazila (28%). Biosecurity and managemental failure is the overall risk factor in all types of farm due to lack of proper knowledge among farmer. This study reveals the current scenario of mycoplasmosis in layer birds of three different areas of Barishal division.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the first service pregnancy rate in cows at the selected coa... more The aim of this study is to evaluate the first service pregnancy rate in cows at the selected coastal areas of Bangladesh. The study was conducted during the period from September 2015 to September 2016 in 10 Upazilas in Barisal district of Bangladesh. Data were recorded by checking their record book, collecting information from Upazila Livestock Office and asking the farmer. A total of 1431 cows were selected considering potential factors Of, breed, age, parity, body weight, time of artificial insemination (AI) and feeding system. A descriptive analysis expressed as binary logistic regressions were done to measure the association and strength of association of different factors. The overall first AI pregnancy rate (PR/FAI) was 29.1%. The PR/FAI of Local, Cross and Sahiwal breed were 28.3, 30.9 and 20.0%, respectively, In the experiment the PR/FAI of cows aged on 2.0 to 4.0, 4.
The subclinical mastitis is more serious and is responsible for much greater loss to the dairy in... more The subclinical mastitis is more serious and is responsible for much greater loss to the dairy industry in Bangladesh. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and identify the associated risk factors in randomly selected 200 lactating buffaloes (192 local and 8 crossbred) at some selected regions of Bhola district, Bangladesh during the period from March 2018 to February 2019. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on each quarter milk sample of lactating buffaloes at field condition for the determination of subclinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes. Overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 10.50% (21/200). The prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) was comparatively higher in crossbred (12.5%) as compared to local breed (10.42%). The highest prevalence of SCM in dairy buffaloes was also found in late lactation period (12.82%), age group 7 to 18 years (13.46%), rainy season (11.1%) and 2nd parity group (10.74%). Moreover, the buffaloes graze in free range areas; large and medium sized farms; poor health conditions and other diseases of post parturient period increasing the susceptibility of SCM. For early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, CMT can be performed regularly as a control measures and emphasis should be provided on farm management practices; particularly on milking hygiene and udder sanitation.
Background: Balantidium coli is an important enteric protozoan disease of livestock. This study h... more Background: Balantidium coli is an important enteric protozoan disease of livestock. This study has been undertaken to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of balantidiasis in buffaloes of Bhola district, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from March 2018 to February 2019. A total of 200 buffalo fecal samples were examined through direct smear method. The difference of the prevalence among different variables was evaluated by chi-square test. Results: The overall prevalence of balantidiasis was observed to be 39.0%. Prevalence of B. coli infection was relatively higher in adult buffaloes (44.44%) aged more than 5 years than young (42.65%) aged > 2-≤ 5 years and buffalo calves (25.49%) aged ≤ 2 years. Higher prevalence of B. coli was observed in female (43.31%) than male (31.51%) buffaloes. Significantly higher prevalence of B. coli infection was observed in rainy season (52.22%) than summer 25 (31.25%) and winter season (20%). Conclusions: Preventive and therapeutic measures against balantidiasis should be undertaken in rainy season.
The study was performed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice among differe... more The study was performed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice among different professionals toward zoonotic diseases in selected coastal areas of Barguna district, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 485 respondents were randomly selected from different upazilas (sub-districts) of Barguna district, Bangladesh. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to collect data about awareness of zoonosis, hygienic management, zoonotic disease transmission from different species of domestic animals and consumption of their products, consciousness on management of pet animals, disease transmission from wild animals, effects of natural disaster on zoonosis, and extension works on zoonosis provided by government or private sector. Results: Based on the level of knowledge of the different respondents, meat (43.92%) is the prime way for transmission of zoonotic disease followed by egg (18.14%) and milk (13.61%). The awareness regarding management of pet animals (23.71%) and zoonotic disease from wild animals (26.69%) were more or less similar. It has been observed that 33.81% respondents were conscious about natural disaster causing zoonotic infection. The respondents also mentioned that extension services about zoonotic infection provided by government or private sector was 34.22%. Among all the respondents, the awareness of zoonotic infection was high in employee of livestock department followed by employee of health department and teachers. Conclusion: The awareness of zoonoseswas high in employee of livestock department followed by the employee of health department, teachers, and other professionals. The present study observed that low educational background of professionals or non-health educated professionals is not conscious on zoonotic diseases. Further work should be taken to assess the prevention and control strategies regarding zoonosis in study area.
An investigation was carried out to find out the effects of probiotics and phytoextracts (Korolla... more An investigation was carried out to find out the effects of probiotics and phytoextracts (Korolla-bitter melon, Triphalatraditional three herbal components and Safi-commercial polyherbal products) on growth, hemato-biochemical (TEC, TLC, ESR, Hb concentration, PCV, ALT, AST, Cholesterol, Tryglyceride, HDL and LDL) and immunomodulating performance of broiler chickens. The study was performed from February to April, 2017. A total of 150, seven-days-old broiler chicks were divided into five (05) groups using 30 chicks in each group. The group A was designated as control group (without probiotics and phytoextracts), with probiotics (Exolution ®) Group B, with phytoextract (Korolla-bitter melon) Group C, Triphalatraditional three herbal components Group D and Safi Group E. Chicks were reared for 35 days and body weight were measured on weekly basis. Broilers were sacrificed at the end of 35 days and blood samples were taken for hematological analysis. Serum samples were also taken for biochemical tests. Broilers in all treatment groups were necropsied at the end of the experiment to observe and determine the weight of the gross lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricious). Both body weight gain, hematological parameters like TEC, TLC, Hb concentration and PCV values and size of lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus, Bursa of Fabricious) were increased in birds supplemented with probiotics and phytoextracts as compared with control group. In biochemical parameters, AST and ALT values were decreased significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) in groups B, C, D, E from that of the control group. The findings of the experiment would help us to assess the use of proper feed additives as healthy growth promoter and immunomodulator in broiler chickens.
A research was conducted to obtain the prevalence of diseases and disorders of cattle at Lalmohan... more A research was conducted to obtain the prevalence of diseases and disorders of cattle at Lalmohan Upazila, Bhola, Bangladesh. The study was performed from January to March, 2016. An entire of 90 sick cattle were examined and analyzed at the time of study where young 25.56%, growing 34.44% and adult 40%; local breed 78.89% as well as cross breed 21.11%. Each of the clinical case was diagnosed on the basis of history, general examination, physical examination and clinical findings. Among the clinical cases, endoparasitic infestation 15.56% was the highest in all recorded cases. Furthermore, FMD 8.89%, bovine ephemeral fever 7.78%, diarrhea/enteritis 7.78%, mastitis 4.44 %, black quarter 1.11 %, pneumonia 2.22 %, rabies 2.22%, myiasis 3.33%, ectoparasitic infestation 5.56%, bloat 6.67%, ruminal acidosis 4.44%, retention of placenta 2.22%, wound 2.22%, anoestrus 4.44%, dermatitis 3.33% and dermatophytosis 2.22% were also commonly recorded. It was reported that local breed (78.89%) were highly susceptible than cross breed (21.11%) cattle. In relation to age, adult cattle (40%) were found more infected with diseases and disorders as compared with calf (25.56%) and growing age (34.44%) cattle. Immunoprophylaxis and hygienic management should be initiated to curb the prevalence of common diseases and disorders in cattle. So further epidemiological and laboratory study should be needed to confirm the etiology, prevention and control measures of the diseases and disorders in cattle at study area.
This study was conducted to estimate the proportional prevalence of clinical diseases and conditi... more This study was conducted to estimate the proportional prevalence of clinical diseases and conditions in pet animals (dog, cat, and rabbit) attended at S. A. Quaderi Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 388 cases of different clinical diseases and conditions were recorded during the study period from October 2016 to January 2017. Among them the overall proportional prevalence of clinical diseases and conditions in dog, cat and rabbit were 44.32%, 34.28% and 21.39% respectively. The medicinal case comprises the highest percentage of diseases as 79.07% and 66.92% in dog and cat, respectively. Among the medicinal cases parasitic diseases were most frequently encountered both in dog (24.42%) and cat (23.31%). Whereas, prevalence of surgical cases were 16.28% in dog and 31.58% in cat and gynecological cases were 4.65% in dog and 1.50% in cat. In rabbit, prevalence of traumatic injuries and fractures were 16.87% followed by mange 12.06%. The parasitic cases were highest in all of the clinical diseases and conditions. So, proper prevention and therapeutic management should be taken to reduce the prevalence of parasitic diseases of pet animals. Immunoprophylaxis or vaccination and hygienic management should be performed to curb the infectious diseases. Further extensive epidemiologic, laboratory or molecular studies are also needed for the appropriate prevention and control measures of diseases and conditions of pet animals in study area.
The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of clinical diseases and disorders in goats a... more The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of clinical diseases and disorders in goats at Jhenaidah Sadar upazilla, Jhenaidah, Bangladesh. A total of 120 sick goats were examined during the period from September to November, 2015. The presumptive diagnosis of the diseases was performed on the basis of history, owner's complaints, clinical findings and physical examination of patients. Among the diseases and disorders, parasitic infestation 34 (28.33%) case were highest in all cases. On the other hand, non specific fever 25 (20.83%), anorexia 14 (11.67%), peste des petits ruminants (PPR) 10 (8.33%), Gid disease 3 (2.5%), Diarrhea 5(4.17%), Myiasis wound 7(5.83%), Bloat 4(3.33%), Navel ill 2(1.67%), Pneumonia 7(5.83%), Vitamin and mineral deficiency 4(3.33%) and Dystocia 5(4.17%) were also recorded. It was also reported that adult (62.5%), female (66.67%) and Black Bengal goats (89.16%) were showed more susceptible to diseases than young (37.5%), male (33.33%) and Jamunapari (10.83%) goats. These results of the study might be helpful to develop effective prevention and control strategies against diseases and disorders in goats.
Materials and methods: A total of 258 sick and dead Sonali chickens were examined for the diagnos... more Materials and methods: A total of 258 sick and dead Sonali chickens were examined for the diagnosis of different infectious diseases based on history, clinical findings and postmortem lesions of dead and sacrificed birds. Results: Infectious Bursal disease (IBD) was recorded in 14.72% (n=38/258) cases. Similarly, Newcastle disease (ND), Coccidiosis, Colibacillosis and Mycoplasmosis were recorded in 11.24% (n=29/258), 13.95% (n=36/258), 14.72% (n=38/258), 12.79% (n=33/258) cases, respectively. Mixed infection of IBD, ND and Coccidiosis found in 16.67% (n=43/258) birds. On the other hand, mixed infection of IBD, ND and colibacillosis was recorded in 15.89% (n=41/258) cases. Conclusion: It is concluded that several infectious diseases are commonly present in Sonali chicken in the study area of Bangladesh. Mixed infections are more prevalent as compared to single infection. Proper hygienic management and appropriate vaccination should be taken in consideration for effective control the diseases. Further microbiological and molecular diagnoses are suggested for detail studies of these diseases and their pathogens.
An epidemiological study on rotavirus infection was carried out by examining 484 faecal specimens... more An epidemiological study on rotavirus infection was carried out by examining 484 faecal specimens of kids of Black Bengal goats using RNA polycrylamide-gel-electrophoresis and silver staining (PAGE-ss) technique. Goat rotavirus was detected in 8.68% (42/484) diarrhoeic faecal specimens. The highest rate of rotavirus infection in goat kids was found in the month of January (13.95%) and the lowest in August (5.26%). The rate of rotavirus infection also the highest in winter season (11.80%) and the lowest in summer season (7.10%). The kids of 7 days to 1-month age group were most frequently found associated with rotavirus infection 13.63% (12/95), but very young kids which were below 7 days old, were found negative for rotavirus while gradual decreasing infection rate was found with the advancement of age. There was no marked variation in rotavirus infection rate between male and female group of kids. An electrophoretic analysis of rotaviral RNA revealed that kids were infected with ro...
The study was conducted to determine the occurrence of infectious diseases in broiler chickens at... more The study was conducted to determine the occurrence of infectious diseases in broiler chickens at kapasia in Gazipur district during the period from 16th October to 16th December 2008. Detection was made on the basis of history, clinical findings and post-mortem lesions. A total of 199 broiler chickens were examined during the study where Colibacillosis 104 (52.26%), Mycoplasmosis 25 (12.56%), Salmonellosis 02 (1.01%), Omphalitis 23 (11.56%), Coccidiosis 09 (4.52%), Gumboro 22 (11.06%), Mycotoxicosis 11 (5.53%) and mixed infection of Gumboro & Coccidiosis 03 (1.51%) were recorded. In the conclusion it has been remarked that Collibacillosis is a major problem for broiler production and hence poultry farmers can not earn their profit perfectly due to adverse effect of those diseases. Further laboratory examination is needed to confirm the identified diseases.
Therapeutic cancer vaccines rely on the immune system to eliminate tumor cells. In contrast to ch... more Therapeutic cancer vaccines rely on the immune system to eliminate tumor cells. In contrast to chemotherapy or passive (adoptive) immunotherapies with antibodies or ex vivo-expanded T cells, therapeutic vaccines do not have a direct anti-tumor activity, but aim to reset patients’ immune systems to achieve this goal. Recent identification of effective ways of enhancing immunogenicity of tumor-associated antigens, including the use of dendritic cells and other potent vectors of cancer vaccines, provide effective tools to induce high numbers of circulating tumor-specific T cells. However, despite indications that some of the new cancer vaccines may be able to delay tumor recurrence or prolong the survival of cancer patients, their ability to induce cancer regression remains low. Recent reports help to identify and prospectively remove the remaining obstacles towards effective therapeutic vaccination of cancer patients. They indicate that the successful induction of tumor-specific T cel...
Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the demographic variables and hemato-b... more Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the demographic variables and hemato-biochemical investigation of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in buffaloes in some selected coastal areas of Bhola district, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the selected coastal regions of Bhola district, Bangladesh, from July 2020 to June 2021. A total of 180 randomly selected buffaloes were investigated by a tuberculin test (CZV Bovine Tuberculin purified protein derivative). Blood and serum samples were also collected for routine blood analysis and biochemical study in the present study. Results: The prevalence of bTB was recorded at 3.33% in buffaloes in the study area. The highest prevalence of the disease was recorded in older age (4%) and female buffaloes (4.17%). bTB was the highest in poor health buffaloes (4.21%), followed by medium (3.33%) and good health conditions (0.00%). In the present study, total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume (PCV) values were lower in infected individuals as compared with healthy buffaloes. In contrast, the PCV count was significantly lower in infected buffaloes. On the other hand, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were comparatively higher in disease-positive buffaloes than in healthy individuals. Total leukocyte count was relatively higher in infected buffaloes than in healthy ones. In the differential leukocyte count, neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, and monocyte numbers were comparatively higher in infected buffaloes. Monocyte numbers were significantly higher in infected buffaloes. However, the lymphocyte numbers were more or less similar in healthy and tuberculosis-positive animals. Biochemical values of calcium, phosphorus, glucose, cholesterol, and creatinine were comparatively lower in tuberculosis-affected animals. Among the values, the glucose, phosphorus, and cholesterol levels were significantly lower in TB-affected buffaloes. The values of total protein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase were comparatively higher in TB-affected individuals. Conclusion: The findings of the present study might be helpful to assess the economic importance and preventive measures of bTB in the study area.
Background: Food safety is now a global issue especially in developing countries like Bangladesh.... more Background: Food safety is now a global issue especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Foodborne diseases are leading causes of illness and death in man, animals and birds in the world. Antibiotic resistant Salmonella and E. coli may transfer these resistances to humans through consuming chicken meat and frozen milk available in the market. There is no study on the microbiological load in chicken meat and frozen milk marketed in Barishal city. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the contamination of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in chicken meat and frozen milk along with their antimicrobial resistance pattern in Barishal city. Methods: A total of 40 samples including frozen milk (n=20) and chicken meat (n=20) were aseptically collected between July 2020 and June 2021 from a renowned shop and open retail market of the municipal area in Barishal city. The isolation and identification of E. coli and Salmonella spp. were done by conventional techniques. The antimicrobial profile was evaluated through a disk diffusion method. Results: The overall detection of E. coli and Salmonella spp. were 62.5% and 32.5% in milk and chicken meat specimens. No salmonella was detected in milk samples whereas Salmonella spp. was detected only in 65% of chicken meat samples. An overall 100% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Both E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken meat and milk were highly sensitive to amikacin (71%-100%) followed by gentamicin (64%-87%), sulpha-trimethoprim (13%-67%); and highly resistant (100%) to oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, and ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: Chicken meat and milk should be cooked or heated thoroughly before consumption. Amikacin, gentamicin, and sulfa-trimethoprim should be the drugs of choice for the treatment of salmonellosis and colibacillosis in dairy and poultry in the study area. Hygienic and sanitary measures should be taken in all aspects from the farm to fork.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is the most important pathogenic Mycoplasma spp. causing avian myco... more Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is the most important pathogenic Mycoplasma spp. causing avian mycoplasmosis and brought about huge economic losses to poultry industry in Bangladesh. The present study was undertaken to know the seroprevalence of MG in layer birds in three different geographical areas of southern Barishal division, Bangladesh. Total 310 sera samples were collected from wing vein of 30 farms for this study. Sera samples were tested with Rapid Serum Agglutination (RSA) for MG using commercial Antigen Kit (manufactured by Lillidale Diagnostic) to detect the presence of antibodies against MG. The overall seroprevalence of MG by RSA was 36.13%. Seroprevalence of MG infection was dominant in winter season (45.54%) and significantly highest occurrence was recorded in age groups from 20-40 weeks of layer chickens (51.79%). Serological investigation in three different upazila of Barishal division showed the highest infection rate (45.26%) in medium scale flocks (1000-3000) in comparison to (21.43%) small (<1000) flocks. The seroprevalence of MG was highest in Swarupkathi (44.38%) than in Barishal Sadar (26%) and Banaripara upazila (28%). Biosecurity and managemental failure is the overall risk factor in all types of farm due to lack of proper knowledge among farmer. This study reveals the current scenario of mycoplasmosis in layer birds of three different areas of Barishal division.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the first service pregnancy rate in cows at the selected coa... more The aim of this study is to evaluate the first service pregnancy rate in cows at the selected coastal areas of Bangladesh. The study was conducted during the period from September 2015 to September 2016 in 10 Upazilas in Barisal district of Bangladesh. Data were recorded by checking their record book, collecting information from Upazila Livestock Office and asking the farmer. A total of 1431 cows were selected considering potential factors Of, breed, age, parity, body weight, time of artificial insemination (AI) and feeding system. A descriptive analysis expressed as binary logistic regressions were done to measure the association and strength of association of different factors. The overall first AI pregnancy rate (PR/FAI) was 29.1%. The PR/FAI of Local, Cross and Sahiwal breed were 28.3, 30.9 and 20.0%, respectively, In the experiment the PR/FAI of cows aged on 2.0 to 4.0, 4.
The subclinical mastitis is more serious and is responsible for much greater loss to the dairy in... more The subclinical mastitis is more serious and is responsible for much greater loss to the dairy industry in Bangladesh. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and identify the associated risk factors in randomly selected 200 lactating buffaloes (192 local and 8 crossbred) at some selected regions of Bhola district, Bangladesh during the period from March 2018 to February 2019. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on each quarter milk sample of lactating buffaloes at field condition for the determination of subclinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes. Overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 10.50% (21/200). The prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) was comparatively higher in crossbred (12.5%) as compared to local breed (10.42%). The highest prevalence of SCM in dairy buffaloes was also found in late lactation period (12.82%), age group 7 to 18 years (13.46%), rainy season (11.1%) and 2nd parity group (10.74%). Moreover, the buffaloes graze in free range areas; large and medium sized farms; poor health conditions and other diseases of post parturient period increasing the susceptibility of SCM. For early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, CMT can be performed regularly as a control measures and emphasis should be provided on farm management practices; particularly on milking hygiene and udder sanitation.
Background: Balantidium coli is an important enteric protozoan disease of livestock. This study h... more Background: Balantidium coli is an important enteric protozoan disease of livestock. This study has been undertaken to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of balantidiasis in buffaloes of Bhola district, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from March 2018 to February 2019. A total of 200 buffalo fecal samples were examined through direct smear method. The difference of the prevalence among different variables was evaluated by chi-square test. Results: The overall prevalence of balantidiasis was observed to be 39.0%. Prevalence of B. coli infection was relatively higher in adult buffaloes (44.44%) aged more than 5 years than young (42.65%) aged > 2-≤ 5 years and buffalo calves (25.49%) aged ≤ 2 years. Higher prevalence of B. coli was observed in female (43.31%) than male (31.51%) buffaloes. Significantly higher prevalence of B. coli infection was observed in rainy season (52.22%) than summer 25 (31.25%) and winter season (20%). Conclusions: Preventive and therapeutic measures against balantidiasis should be undertaken in rainy season.
The study was performed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice among differe... more The study was performed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice among different professionals toward zoonotic diseases in selected coastal areas of Barguna district, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 485 respondents were randomly selected from different upazilas (sub-districts) of Barguna district, Bangladesh. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to collect data about awareness of zoonosis, hygienic management, zoonotic disease transmission from different species of domestic animals and consumption of their products, consciousness on management of pet animals, disease transmission from wild animals, effects of natural disaster on zoonosis, and extension works on zoonosis provided by government or private sector. Results: Based on the level of knowledge of the different respondents, meat (43.92%) is the prime way for transmission of zoonotic disease followed by egg (18.14%) and milk (13.61%). The awareness regarding management of pet animals (23.71%) and zoonotic disease from wild animals (26.69%) were more or less similar. It has been observed that 33.81% respondents were conscious about natural disaster causing zoonotic infection. The respondents also mentioned that extension services about zoonotic infection provided by government or private sector was 34.22%. Among all the respondents, the awareness of zoonotic infection was high in employee of livestock department followed by employee of health department and teachers. Conclusion: The awareness of zoonoseswas high in employee of livestock department followed by the employee of health department, teachers, and other professionals. The present study observed that low educational background of professionals or non-health educated professionals is not conscious on zoonotic diseases. Further work should be taken to assess the prevention and control strategies regarding zoonosis in study area.
An investigation was carried out to find out the effects of probiotics and phytoextracts (Korolla... more An investigation was carried out to find out the effects of probiotics and phytoextracts (Korolla-bitter melon, Triphalatraditional three herbal components and Safi-commercial polyherbal products) on growth, hemato-biochemical (TEC, TLC, ESR, Hb concentration, PCV, ALT, AST, Cholesterol, Tryglyceride, HDL and LDL) and immunomodulating performance of broiler chickens. The study was performed from February to April, 2017. A total of 150, seven-days-old broiler chicks were divided into five (05) groups using 30 chicks in each group. The group A was designated as control group (without probiotics and phytoextracts), with probiotics (Exolution ®) Group B, with phytoextract (Korolla-bitter melon) Group C, Triphalatraditional three herbal components Group D and Safi Group E. Chicks were reared for 35 days and body weight were measured on weekly basis. Broilers were sacrificed at the end of 35 days and blood samples were taken for hematological analysis. Serum samples were also taken for biochemical tests. Broilers in all treatment groups were necropsied at the end of the experiment to observe and determine the weight of the gross lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricious). Both body weight gain, hematological parameters like TEC, TLC, Hb concentration and PCV values and size of lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus, Bursa of Fabricious) were increased in birds supplemented with probiotics and phytoextracts as compared with control group. In biochemical parameters, AST and ALT values were decreased significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) in groups B, C, D, E from that of the control group. The findings of the experiment would help us to assess the use of proper feed additives as healthy growth promoter and immunomodulator in broiler chickens.
A research was conducted to obtain the prevalence of diseases and disorders of cattle at Lalmohan... more A research was conducted to obtain the prevalence of diseases and disorders of cattle at Lalmohan Upazila, Bhola, Bangladesh. The study was performed from January to March, 2016. An entire of 90 sick cattle were examined and analyzed at the time of study where young 25.56%, growing 34.44% and adult 40%; local breed 78.89% as well as cross breed 21.11%. Each of the clinical case was diagnosed on the basis of history, general examination, physical examination and clinical findings. Among the clinical cases, endoparasitic infestation 15.56% was the highest in all recorded cases. Furthermore, FMD 8.89%, bovine ephemeral fever 7.78%, diarrhea/enteritis 7.78%, mastitis 4.44 %, black quarter 1.11 %, pneumonia 2.22 %, rabies 2.22%, myiasis 3.33%, ectoparasitic infestation 5.56%, bloat 6.67%, ruminal acidosis 4.44%, retention of placenta 2.22%, wound 2.22%, anoestrus 4.44%, dermatitis 3.33% and dermatophytosis 2.22% were also commonly recorded. It was reported that local breed (78.89%) were highly susceptible than cross breed (21.11%) cattle. In relation to age, adult cattle (40%) were found more infected with diseases and disorders as compared with calf (25.56%) and growing age (34.44%) cattle. Immunoprophylaxis and hygienic management should be initiated to curb the prevalence of common diseases and disorders in cattle. So further epidemiological and laboratory study should be needed to confirm the etiology, prevention and control measures of the diseases and disorders in cattle at study area.
This study was conducted to estimate the proportional prevalence of clinical diseases and conditi... more This study was conducted to estimate the proportional prevalence of clinical diseases and conditions in pet animals (dog, cat, and rabbit) attended at S. A. Quaderi Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 388 cases of different clinical diseases and conditions were recorded during the study period from October 2016 to January 2017. Among them the overall proportional prevalence of clinical diseases and conditions in dog, cat and rabbit were 44.32%, 34.28% and 21.39% respectively. The medicinal case comprises the highest percentage of diseases as 79.07% and 66.92% in dog and cat, respectively. Among the medicinal cases parasitic diseases were most frequently encountered both in dog (24.42%) and cat (23.31%). Whereas, prevalence of surgical cases were 16.28% in dog and 31.58% in cat and gynecological cases were 4.65% in dog and 1.50% in cat. In rabbit, prevalence of traumatic injuries and fractures were 16.87% followed by mange 12.06%. The parasitic cases were highest in all of the clinical diseases and conditions. So, proper prevention and therapeutic management should be taken to reduce the prevalence of parasitic diseases of pet animals. Immunoprophylaxis or vaccination and hygienic management should be performed to curb the infectious diseases. Further extensive epidemiologic, laboratory or molecular studies are also needed for the appropriate prevention and control measures of diseases and conditions of pet animals in study area.
The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of clinical diseases and disorders in goats a... more The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of clinical diseases and disorders in goats at Jhenaidah Sadar upazilla, Jhenaidah, Bangladesh. A total of 120 sick goats were examined during the period from September to November, 2015. The presumptive diagnosis of the diseases was performed on the basis of history, owner's complaints, clinical findings and physical examination of patients. Among the diseases and disorders, parasitic infestation 34 (28.33%) case were highest in all cases. On the other hand, non specific fever 25 (20.83%), anorexia 14 (11.67%), peste des petits ruminants (PPR) 10 (8.33%), Gid disease 3 (2.5%), Diarrhea 5(4.17%), Myiasis wound 7(5.83%), Bloat 4(3.33%), Navel ill 2(1.67%), Pneumonia 7(5.83%), Vitamin and mineral deficiency 4(3.33%) and Dystocia 5(4.17%) were also recorded. It was also reported that adult (62.5%), female (66.67%) and Black Bengal goats (89.16%) were showed more susceptible to diseases than young (37.5%), male (33.33%) and Jamunapari (10.83%) goats. These results of the study might be helpful to develop effective prevention and control strategies against diseases and disorders in goats.
Materials and methods: A total of 258 sick and dead Sonali chickens were examined for the diagnos... more Materials and methods: A total of 258 sick and dead Sonali chickens were examined for the diagnosis of different infectious diseases based on history, clinical findings and postmortem lesions of dead and sacrificed birds. Results: Infectious Bursal disease (IBD) was recorded in 14.72% (n=38/258) cases. Similarly, Newcastle disease (ND), Coccidiosis, Colibacillosis and Mycoplasmosis were recorded in 11.24% (n=29/258), 13.95% (n=36/258), 14.72% (n=38/258), 12.79% (n=33/258) cases, respectively. Mixed infection of IBD, ND and Coccidiosis found in 16.67% (n=43/258) birds. On the other hand, mixed infection of IBD, ND and colibacillosis was recorded in 15.89% (n=41/258) cases. Conclusion: It is concluded that several infectious diseases are commonly present in Sonali chicken in the study area of Bangladesh. Mixed infections are more prevalent as compared to single infection. Proper hygienic management and appropriate vaccination should be taken in consideration for effective control the diseases. Further microbiological and molecular diagnoses are suggested for detail studies of these diseases and their pathogens.
An epidemiological study on rotavirus infection was carried out by examining 484 faecal specimens... more An epidemiological study on rotavirus infection was carried out by examining 484 faecal specimens of kids of Black Bengal goats using RNA polycrylamide-gel-electrophoresis and silver staining (PAGE-ss) technique. Goat rotavirus was detected in 8.68% (42/484) diarrhoeic faecal specimens. The highest rate of rotavirus infection in goat kids was found in the month of January (13.95%) and the lowest in August (5.26%). The rate of rotavirus infection also the highest in winter season (11.80%) and the lowest in summer season (7.10%). The kids of 7 days to 1-month age group were most frequently found associated with rotavirus infection 13.63% (12/95), but very young kids which were below 7 days old, were found negative for rotavirus while gradual decreasing infection rate was found with the advancement of age. There was no marked variation in rotavirus infection rate between male and female group of kids. An electrophoretic analysis of rotaviral RNA revealed that kids were infected with ro...
The study was conducted to determine the occurrence of infectious diseases in broiler chickens at... more The study was conducted to determine the occurrence of infectious diseases in broiler chickens at kapasia in Gazipur district during the period from 16th October to 16th December 2008. Detection was made on the basis of history, clinical findings and post-mortem lesions. A total of 199 broiler chickens were examined during the study where Colibacillosis 104 (52.26%), Mycoplasmosis 25 (12.56%), Salmonellosis 02 (1.01%), Omphalitis 23 (11.56%), Coccidiosis 09 (4.52%), Gumboro 22 (11.06%), Mycotoxicosis 11 (5.53%) and mixed infection of Gumboro & Coccidiosis 03 (1.51%) were recorded. In the conclusion it has been remarked that Collibacillosis is a major problem for broiler production and hence poultry farmers can not earn their profit perfectly due to adverse effect of those diseases. Further laboratory examination is needed to confirm the identified diseases.
Therapeutic cancer vaccines rely on the immune system to eliminate tumor cells. In contrast to ch... more Therapeutic cancer vaccines rely on the immune system to eliminate tumor cells. In contrast to chemotherapy or passive (adoptive) immunotherapies with antibodies or ex vivo-expanded T cells, therapeutic vaccines do not have a direct anti-tumor activity, but aim to reset patients’ immune systems to achieve this goal. Recent identification of effective ways of enhancing immunogenicity of tumor-associated antigens, including the use of dendritic cells and other potent vectors of cancer vaccines, provide effective tools to induce high numbers of circulating tumor-specific T cells. However, despite indications that some of the new cancer vaccines may be able to delay tumor recurrence or prolong the survival of cancer patients, their ability to induce cancer regression remains low. Recent reports help to identify and prospectively remove the remaining obstacles towards effective therapeutic vaccination of cancer patients. They indicate that the successful induction of tumor-specific T cel...
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