Low temperature sol gel novel technique has been employed, in the work here, to fabricate gadolin... more Low temperature sol gel novel technique has been employed, in the work here, to fabricate gadolinium and thulium doped strontium titanates with nominal composition; Sr1-aGdaTi1-bTmbO3-for various values of ‘a’ and ‘b’. The synthesized ceramics were cubic structured, phase pure, having well developed morphology and desired composition as revealed by XRD and FESEM/EDX characterization techniques. The electrical and dielectric properties of the prepared samples were studied and various parameters like dielectric constant, loss factor, a c conductivity etc. were determined. Furthermore, these properties enhance with gadolinium and thulium doping at strontium and titanium sites respectively.
Pure strontium titanates have been successfully fabricated in this work via sol gel route. The ob... more Pure strontium titanates have been successfully fabricated in this work via sol gel route. The obtained powders were calcined at various temperatures and effects of calcination and sintering on phase development, crystallite size, lattice parameters, microstructure etc. were investigated by XRD and SEM techniques. The development of phase with temperature has been investigated using DTA/TG technique. The dielectric and electrical parameters were analyzed and effects of temperature and frequency variation on these parameters were studied.
Nickel<strong> </strong>zinc ferrite sampless were synthesized from metal nitrates pr... more Nickel<strong> </strong>zinc ferrite sampless were synthesized from metal nitrates precursors via solution auto combustion method, using different synthesis conditions.. Samples were prepared at different temperatures 400<sup>o</sup>C, 600<sup>o</sup>C, 800<sup>o</sup>C and 1000<sup>o</sup>C with heating rate 10<sup>o</sup>/min. for 4 hours. The optical measurements are carried out by a FTIR. The nickel zinc ferrite exhibits a single-spinel structure. From FTIR spectrum two fundamental bands around 600–400cm<sup>-1</sup> were observed, that are the common features of all ferrite materials. Improved optical properties was found for sample prepared at 1000<sup>o</sup>C for 4 hours (with 10<sup>o</sup>/min) show better Sample prepared at 10<sup>o</sup>/min.(800<sup>o</sup>C for 4hours) show improved results as compared to sample at 25<sup>o</sup&g...
Current communication scenario demands for reliable data transmission at less cost. In recent tim... more Current communication scenario demands for reliable data transmission at less cost. In recent times, it was found that the application of error correction codes can significantly improve the performance of wireless communication system. Error detection and correction codes play an important role in reliable transmission of data bits over communication channel. There are various error detection and correction codes available. The most commonly used error correction codes are automatic repeat request (ARQ) and Forward error correction (FEC) codes. Many FEC codes have already been designed to improve the performance of communication system. Among all of these, Convolution codes have gained much attention due to its ability of increasing the performance of communication channel. In this paper, we propose a modified convolution encoding scheme in order to improve the double bit error correction capability of the present scheme. Proposed scheme is implemented using MATLAB software. The pr...
Electroceramics are the ceramic materials that have been specially designed for specific electric... more Electroceramics are the ceramic materials that have been specially designed for specific electrical, electronic, optical or magnetic properties. The futuristic demands of Communication Technology require the advanced electroceramics that may efficiently perform the functions of various circuit elements. The performance of electroceramics and their devices is primarily dependent on the three factors namely; complex interplay between processing & chemistry, structure at many levels and device physics. This paper describes the Nano Science assisted synthesis of application grade complex titanate based electroceramics that are presently being used or have futuristic potential to be used in communication technology. A preparative scheme using Nano-powders generated by Auto-ignition method has also been outlined and phase development investigated. The optimized prepartional conditions have also been studied and complex titanates to be used as Dielectric Resonators (DR) are specially tailo...
ADVANCED MATERIALS AND RADIATION PHYSICS (AMRP-2020): 5th National e-Conference on Advanced Materials and Radiation Physics, 2021
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) have the tremendous potential to be the future solution of our ene... more Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) have the tremendous potential to be the future solution of our energy demands. This paper attempts to model a three dimensional, single, high temperature solid oxide fuel cell operating at 800°C. The model has been prepared using the butler Volmer equations for charge transfer kinetics. For the flow of the gases in the porous gas electrodes, Brinkman Equations have been used, which are combination of Darcy’s Law and the Navier Stokes Equations. We have analysed the electrical properties of SOFC developed in the model. From the simulation we have plotted the polarization curve of SOFC, which is in good agreement with the experimental data. The power characteristics representing the output power variation with the current density of the SOFC is also studied and optimum current density is defined. Additionally, the polarization characteristics representing the variation of the average current density of the SOFC with SOFC voltage is also studied.
The Core-shell structured nanoparticles of magnesium oxide (MgO) with polymethylmethacryaltate (P... more The Core-shell structured nanoparticles of magnesium oxide (MgO) with polymethylmethacryaltate (PMMA)polymer were synthesized. The synthesis process proceeds by means of polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) monomer on the surface of nanoparticles of MgO after modification by the surface-active agent Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB). Benzoyl Peroxide was used as initiator to attach PMMA on the surface of CTAB-modified magnesium hydroxide. The thin film of hybrid nanoparticles of MgO-PMMA were prepared by spin coater on the glass substrate. Spectroscopic tools such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Visible Absorption Spectroscopy were used to study the optical properties of the hybrid thin films. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) techniques were used to investigate the structural properties of the hybrid thin film. The results demonstrated that the PMMA, can be efficiently coupled to the surface of t...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, 2012
The present work consecutively on synthesis and characterization of composites, Al/Al alloy A 384... more The present work consecutively on synthesis and characterization of composites, Al/Al alloy A 384.1 as matrix in which the main ingredient as Al/Al-5% MgO alloy based metal matrix composite. As practical implications the low cost processing route for the fabrication of Al alloy A 384.1 and operational difficulties of presently available manufacturing processes based in liquid manipulation methods. As all new developments, complete understanding of the influence of processing variables upon the final quality of the product. And the composite is applied comprehensively to the acquaintance for achieving superiority of information concerning the specific heat measurement of a material through the aid of thermographs. Products are evaluated concerning relative particle size and mechanical behavior under tensile strength. Furthermore, Taguchi technique was employed to examine the experimental optimum results are achieved, owing to effectiveness of this approach.
The environmental waste management practices are picking up across the world day by day. The pres... more The environmental waste management practices are picking up across the world day by day. The present work deals with scientific disposal of the Agriculture waste material (rice straws) by utilizing them as coarse aggregate in conventional concrete mix. In order to reduce the alarmingly adverse effects of this waste material on the environment, it has become utmost necessary to get rid of it wisely so that the disposal may not affect the environment. The incorporation of this solid wastes in M15 grade concrete mix as partial replacements to coarse aggregate is found to yield an alternative lightweight eco-friendly concrete. The compressive strength of rice straws reinforced concrete sample with 10% replacement found out to be 10.2 N/mm2 which is 68% as compared to conventional concrete i.e., M15 (15 N/mm2). This waste utilization cum management practice makes the possibility of embedding the agriculture waste material into concrete, providing us a good sustainable, economical and lig...
Internal Combustion Synthesis has attained a vast importance in producing the technologically imp... more Internal Combustion Synthesis has attained a vast importance in producing the technologically important materials. Barium Nona-titanate (Ba2Ti9O20) is an important Dielectric Resonator material for microwave communication technology. In present study Ca doped single phase material with nominal composition (Ba1-xCax)2Ti9O20 (0.0≥x≤0.1), henceforth referred as (Ba/Ca)2Ti9O20 , has been synthesized by using the powder derived from Internal Combustion route. This method is found to produce the nanocrystalline powders of the oxide ceramic at a lower calcinations temperature in a surprisingly shorter time. Synthesis of phase pure materials with improved characteristics is facilitated by narrow particle size distribution among the nano-crystallites produced, higher surface area, and better stability. For these electro-ceramics, the dielectric characteristics are highly sensitive to the particle size, impurity phases and porosity.
Zinc Oxide-Polymethylmethacrylate (ZnO-PMMA) core shell structured nanoparticles with inorganic c... more Zinc Oxide-Polymethylmethacrylate (ZnO-PMMA) core shell structured nanoparticles with inorganic core and the polymer shell were prepared successfully. ZnO has been selected in the present study for preparing the core shell nanoparticles in PMMA matrix for obtaining the UV-protection and high degree of transparency of the synthesized films in visible region. The outer surface of ZnO nanoparticles was initially modified by Cetyl Trimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) to inhibit the agglomeration of ZnO nanoparticles and promote their compatibility with PMMA. The ZnO-PMMA nanoparticles films, prepared by Spin Coating Technique, were then characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Visible Absorption Spectroscopy to study their structural, micro-structural and optical properties. The synthesized films demonstrate UV–Absorbing capacity and good amount of optical transparency in the vis...
The Core-shell structured nanoparticles of ZnO-PS were successfully synthesized in PS matrix by w... more The Core-shell structured nanoparticles of ZnO-PS were successfully synthesized in PS matrix by wet chemical method and transparent thin films of these nano-hybrids were coated on substrates by using spin coating technique. The XRD spectra of ZnO nanoparticles demonstrates a series of characteristic peaks that were in accordance with the XRD pattern of wurtzite phase, hexagonal ZnO structure. The crystallite sizes in ZnO, and ZnO/PS, corresponding to 101 plane, are found. Structural and optical properties of all the nanocomposites samples were investigated by XRD, HRTEM, EDX, FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopy.
Electroceramics are the ceramic materials that have been specially designed for specific electric... more Electroceramics are the ceramic materials that have been specially designed for specific electrical, electronic, optical or magnetic properties. The futuristic demands of Communication Technology require the advanced electroceramics that may efficiently perform the functions of various circuit elements. The performance of electroceramics and their devices is primarily dependent on the three factors namely; complex interplay between processing & chemistry, structure at many levels and device physics. This paper describes the Nano Science assisted synthesis of application grade complex titanate based electroceramics that are presently being used or have futuristic potential to be used in communication technology. A preparative scheme using Nano-powders generated by Auto-ignition method has also been outlined and phase development investigated. The optimized prepartional conditions have also been studied and complex titanates to be used as Dielectric Resonators (DR) are specially tailo...
Gadolinium doped SrTiO3-δ i.e. Sr1-xGdxTiO3-δ for various values of ‘x’ have been successfully sy... more Gadolinium doped SrTiO3-δ i.e. Sr1-xGdxTiO3-δ for various values of ‘x’ have been successfully synthesized using sol gel technique in the reported work. XRD patterns of the obtained ceramics are found to be sharp and well defined having no impurity phases for all the compositions. Lattice parameter ‘a’ decreases with increase in the amount of Gadolinium. XRD, FESEM and EDX studies confirm the formation of Sr1-xGdxTiO3-δ ceramics with required cubic structure. FESEM/EDX analysis reveals that ceramics possess high density with marginal inter-granular porosity. The dielectric studies show that the synthesized samples possess high dielectric constants, high ac conductivity and low loss factors which further improve with gadolinium doping
Low temperature sol gel novel technique has been employed, in the work here, to fabricate gadolin... more Low temperature sol gel novel technique has been employed, in the work here, to fabricate gadolinium and thulium doped strontium titanates with nominal composition; Sr1-aGdaTi1-bTmbO3-for various values of ‘a’ and ‘b’. The synthesized ceramics were cubic structured, phase pure, having well developed morphology and desired composition as revealed by XRD and FESEM/EDX characterization techniques. The electrical and dielectric properties of the prepared samples were studied and various parameters like dielectric constant, loss factor, a c conductivity etc. were determined. Furthermore, these properties enhance with gadolinium and thulium doping at strontium and titanium sites respectively.
Pure strontium titanates have been successfully fabricated in this work via sol gel route. The ob... more Pure strontium titanates have been successfully fabricated in this work via sol gel route. The obtained powders were calcined at various temperatures and effects of calcination and sintering on phase development, crystallite size, lattice parameters, microstructure etc. were investigated by XRD and SEM techniques. The development of phase with temperature has been investigated using DTA/TG technique. The dielectric and electrical parameters were analyzed and effects of temperature and frequency variation on these parameters were studied.
Nickel<strong> </strong>zinc ferrite sampless were synthesized from metal nitrates pr... more Nickel<strong> </strong>zinc ferrite sampless were synthesized from metal nitrates precursors via solution auto combustion method, using different synthesis conditions.. Samples were prepared at different temperatures 400<sup>o</sup>C, 600<sup>o</sup>C, 800<sup>o</sup>C and 1000<sup>o</sup>C with heating rate 10<sup>o</sup>/min. for 4 hours. The optical measurements are carried out by a FTIR. The nickel zinc ferrite exhibits a single-spinel structure. From FTIR spectrum two fundamental bands around 600–400cm<sup>-1</sup> were observed, that are the common features of all ferrite materials. Improved optical properties was found for sample prepared at 1000<sup>o</sup>C for 4 hours (with 10<sup>o</sup>/min) show better Sample prepared at 10<sup>o</sup>/min.(800<sup>o</sup>C for 4hours) show improved results as compared to sample at 25<sup>o</sup&g...
Current communication scenario demands for reliable data transmission at less cost. In recent tim... more Current communication scenario demands for reliable data transmission at less cost. In recent times, it was found that the application of error correction codes can significantly improve the performance of wireless communication system. Error detection and correction codes play an important role in reliable transmission of data bits over communication channel. There are various error detection and correction codes available. The most commonly used error correction codes are automatic repeat request (ARQ) and Forward error correction (FEC) codes. Many FEC codes have already been designed to improve the performance of communication system. Among all of these, Convolution codes have gained much attention due to its ability of increasing the performance of communication channel. In this paper, we propose a modified convolution encoding scheme in order to improve the double bit error correction capability of the present scheme. Proposed scheme is implemented using MATLAB software. The pr...
Electroceramics are the ceramic materials that have been specially designed for specific electric... more Electroceramics are the ceramic materials that have been specially designed for specific electrical, electronic, optical or magnetic properties. The futuristic demands of Communication Technology require the advanced electroceramics that may efficiently perform the functions of various circuit elements. The performance of electroceramics and their devices is primarily dependent on the three factors namely; complex interplay between processing & chemistry, structure at many levels and device physics. This paper describes the Nano Science assisted synthesis of application grade complex titanate based electroceramics that are presently being used or have futuristic potential to be used in communication technology. A preparative scheme using Nano-powders generated by Auto-ignition method has also been outlined and phase development investigated. The optimized prepartional conditions have also been studied and complex titanates to be used as Dielectric Resonators (DR) are specially tailo...
ADVANCED MATERIALS AND RADIATION PHYSICS (AMRP-2020): 5th National e-Conference on Advanced Materials and Radiation Physics, 2021
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) have the tremendous potential to be the future solution of our ene... more Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) have the tremendous potential to be the future solution of our energy demands. This paper attempts to model a three dimensional, single, high temperature solid oxide fuel cell operating at 800°C. The model has been prepared using the butler Volmer equations for charge transfer kinetics. For the flow of the gases in the porous gas electrodes, Brinkman Equations have been used, which are combination of Darcy’s Law and the Navier Stokes Equations. We have analysed the electrical properties of SOFC developed in the model. From the simulation we have plotted the polarization curve of SOFC, which is in good agreement with the experimental data. The power characteristics representing the output power variation with the current density of the SOFC is also studied and optimum current density is defined. Additionally, the polarization characteristics representing the variation of the average current density of the SOFC with SOFC voltage is also studied.
The Core-shell structured nanoparticles of magnesium oxide (MgO) with polymethylmethacryaltate (P... more The Core-shell structured nanoparticles of magnesium oxide (MgO) with polymethylmethacryaltate (PMMA)polymer were synthesized. The synthesis process proceeds by means of polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) monomer on the surface of nanoparticles of MgO after modification by the surface-active agent Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB). Benzoyl Peroxide was used as initiator to attach PMMA on the surface of CTAB-modified magnesium hydroxide. The thin film of hybrid nanoparticles of MgO-PMMA were prepared by spin coater on the glass substrate. Spectroscopic tools such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Visible Absorption Spectroscopy were used to study the optical properties of the hybrid thin films. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) techniques were used to investigate the structural properties of the hybrid thin film. The results demonstrated that the PMMA, can be efficiently coupled to the surface of t...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, 2012
The present work consecutively on synthesis and characterization of composites, Al/Al alloy A 384... more The present work consecutively on synthesis and characterization of composites, Al/Al alloy A 384.1 as matrix in which the main ingredient as Al/Al-5% MgO alloy based metal matrix composite. As practical implications the low cost processing route for the fabrication of Al alloy A 384.1 and operational difficulties of presently available manufacturing processes based in liquid manipulation methods. As all new developments, complete understanding of the influence of processing variables upon the final quality of the product. And the composite is applied comprehensively to the acquaintance for achieving superiority of information concerning the specific heat measurement of a material through the aid of thermographs. Products are evaluated concerning relative particle size and mechanical behavior under tensile strength. Furthermore, Taguchi technique was employed to examine the experimental optimum results are achieved, owing to effectiveness of this approach.
The environmental waste management practices are picking up across the world day by day. The pres... more The environmental waste management practices are picking up across the world day by day. The present work deals with scientific disposal of the Agriculture waste material (rice straws) by utilizing them as coarse aggregate in conventional concrete mix. In order to reduce the alarmingly adverse effects of this waste material on the environment, it has become utmost necessary to get rid of it wisely so that the disposal may not affect the environment. The incorporation of this solid wastes in M15 grade concrete mix as partial replacements to coarse aggregate is found to yield an alternative lightweight eco-friendly concrete. The compressive strength of rice straws reinforced concrete sample with 10% replacement found out to be 10.2 N/mm2 which is 68% as compared to conventional concrete i.e., M15 (15 N/mm2). This waste utilization cum management practice makes the possibility of embedding the agriculture waste material into concrete, providing us a good sustainable, economical and lig...
Internal Combustion Synthesis has attained a vast importance in producing the technologically imp... more Internal Combustion Synthesis has attained a vast importance in producing the technologically important materials. Barium Nona-titanate (Ba2Ti9O20) is an important Dielectric Resonator material for microwave communication technology. In present study Ca doped single phase material with nominal composition (Ba1-xCax)2Ti9O20 (0.0≥x≤0.1), henceforth referred as (Ba/Ca)2Ti9O20 , has been synthesized by using the powder derived from Internal Combustion route. This method is found to produce the nanocrystalline powders of the oxide ceramic at a lower calcinations temperature in a surprisingly shorter time. Synthesis of phase pure materials with improved characteristics is facilitated by narrow particle size distribution among the nano-crystallites produced, higher surface area, and better stability. For these electro-ceramics, the dielectric characteristics are highly sensitive to the particle size, impurity phases and porosity.
Zinc Oxide-Polymethylmethacrylate (ZnO-PMMA) core shell structured nanoparticles with inorganic c... more Zinc Oxide-Polymethylmethacrylate (ZnO-PMMA) core shell structured nanoparticles with inorganic core and the polymer shell were prepared successfully. ZnO has been selected in the present study for preparing the core shell nanoparticles in PMMA matrix for obtaining the UV-protection and high degree of transparency of the synthesized films in visible region. The outer surface of ZnO nanoparticles was initially modified by Cetyl Trimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) to inhibit the agglomeration of ZnO nanoparticles and promote their compatibility with PMMA. The ZnO-PMMA nanoparticles films, prepared by Spin Coating Technique, were then characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Visible Absorption Spectroscopy to study their structural, micro-structural and optical properties. The synthesized films demonstrate UV–Absorbing capacity and good amount of optical transparency in the vis...
The Core-shell structured nanoparticles of ZnO-PS were successfully synthesized in PS matrix by w... more The Core-shell structured nanoparticles of ZnO-PS were successfully synthesized in PS matrix by wet chemical method and transparent thin films of these nano-hybrids were coated on substrates by using spin coating technique. The XRD spectra of ZnO nanoparticles demonstrates a series of characteristic peaks that were in accordance with the XRD pattern of wurtzite phase, hexagonal ZnO structure. The crystallite sizes in ZnO, and ZnO/PS, corresponding to 101 plane, are found. Structural and optical properties of all the nanocomposites samples were investigated by XRD, HRTEM, EDX, FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopy.
Electroceramics are the ceramic materials that have been specially designed for specific electric... more Electroceramics are the ceramic materials that have been specially designed for specific electrical, electronic, optical or magnetic properties. The futuristic demands of Communication Technology require the advanced electroceramics that may efficiently perform the functions of various circuit elements. The performance of electroceramics and their devices is primarily dependent on the three factors namely; complex interplay between processing & chemistry, structure at many levels and device physics. This paper describes the Nano Science assisted synthesis of application grade complex titanate based electroceramics that are presently being used or have futuristic potential to be used in communication technology. A preparative scheme using Nano-powders generated by Auto-ignition method has also been outlined and phase development investigated. The optimized prepartional conditions have also been studied and complex titanates to be used as Dielectric Resonators (DR) are specially tailo...
Gadolinium doped SrTiO3-δ i.e. Sr1-xGdxTiO3-δ for various values of ‘x’ have been successfully sy... more Gadolinium doped SrTiO3-δ i.e. Sr1-xGdxTiO3-δ for various values of ‘x’ have been successfully synthesized using sol gel technique in the reported work. XRD patterns of the obtained ceramics are found to be sharp and well defined having no impurity phases for all the compositions. Lattice parameter ‘a’ decreases with increase in the amount of Gadolinium. XRD, FESEM and EDX studies confirm the formation of Sr1-xGdxTiO3-δ ceramics with required cubic structure. FESEM/EDX analysis reveals that ceramics possess high density with marginal inter-granular porosity. The dielectric studies show that the synthesized samples possess high dielectric constants, high ac conductivity and low loss factors which further improve with gadolinium doping
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Papers by Anand K Tyagi