As publication provides the primary basis for an evaluation for promotion and tenure, the ability... more As publication provides the primary basis for an evaluation for promotion and tenure, the ability to write and produce research reports is a fundamental skill for the academic professional. Whether one writes final papers, theses, dissertations, or professional publications, the essential characteristics of the research report remain the same. Research reports are written to present an argument, and all the components of the report should be written to serve the argument. This chapter summarizes and discusses components and characteristics of the research report from several different points of view, but each with an eye toward effective argumentation. First, an overview of the American Psychological Association's Publication Manual is provided. The Manual presents more than the most commonly followed citation style; it embodies received wisdom with respect to writing style in the social sciences. However, when considering how to write an effective research report, a wealth of additional resources exists. These resources include the vast literature on writing theses and dissertations (the “how to finish” genre) and articles on academic style and argumentation written from editors' and researchers' points of view (the “how to publish” genre). These how to genres are augmented by a large body of literature in which the process and the products of research writing are objects of investigation. Considered together, these resources demystify both process and genre, providing a foundation that allows writers to present their research with confidence. Keywords: Assessment evaluation; Language for academic purposes; Language for specific purposes; Research methods
This special issue focuses on how neo‐nationalist movements are affecting the teaching of English... more This special issue focuses on how neo‐nationalist movements are affecting the teaching of English to speakers of other languages in several countries where English functions as the dominant language, an official language, a lingua franca, and/or a required subject in schools. In this introduction, we offer background on neo‐nationalism and the teaching of English, as well as preview key themes and responses addressed in the rest of the special issue. We then provide an overview of the research articles, brief report, and commentaries that respond to the question of how the field of TESOL, which has benefited from neoliberal globalization even while critiquing it, can meet the challenges posed by a world in which more governments are withdrawing from international agreements, reinforcing their borders, and inciting xenophobic violence among the general populace.
As publication provides the primary basis for an evaluation for promotion and tenure, the ability... more As publication provides the primary basis for an evaluation for promotion and tenure, the ability to write and produce research reports is a fundamental skill for the academic professional. Whether one writes final papers, theses, dissertations, or professional publications, the essential characteristics of the research report remain the same. Research reports are written to present an argument, and all the components of the report should be written to serve the argument. This chapter summarizes and discusses components and characteristics of the research report from several different points of view, but each with an eye toward effective argumentation. First, an overview of the American Psychological Association's Publication Manual is provided. The Manual presents more than the most commonly followed citation style; it embodies received wisdom with respect to writing style in the social sciences. However, when considering how to write an effective research report, a wealth of additional resources exists. These resources include the vast literature on writing theses and dissertations (the “how to finish” genre) and articles on academic style and argumentation written from editors' and researchers' points of view (the “how to publish” genre). These how to genres are augmented by a large body of literature in which the process and the products of research writing are objects of investigation. Considered together, these resources demystify both process and genre, providing a foundation that allows writers to present their research with confidence. Keywords: Assessment evaluation; Language for academic purposes; Language for specific purposes; Research methods
The received notion of culture as a monolithic national identity has in recent decades given way ... more The received notion of culture as a monolithic national identity has in recent decades given way to a new conceptualization. Culture is increasingly viewed as dynamic and multidimensional. Culture can include national or ethnic, but also disciplinary or ...
Applied Linguistics and Language Teaching in the Neo-Nationalist Era, 2020
This chapter examines how a resurgence of nationalism in the People’s Republic of China under Pre... more This chapter examines how a resurgence of nationalism in the People’s Republic of China under President Xi Jinping has affected the teaching of English there. First, the authors provide a brief history of English in China, and then focus on its role in the internationalization of Chinese universities in the 1990s and early 2000s. Next, they examine recent changes to national and local English teaching policies through the perspectives of instructors and students at a coastal university in southern China that was part of the economic opening and reforms in the 1980s but has since shifted its orientation away from internationalization under pressure from the central government. By recounting of these experiences, the authors reveal the range of impacts that recent nationalist policies have had on English teaching in China and point to pedagogical interventions that seek to balance internationalist and nationalist desires in China.
Abstract Over the last several decades, the perceived norms of writing in English for Academic Pu... more Abstract Over the last several decades, the perceived norms of writing in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) have been affected by the dominance of that language across an array of fields and settings. As writers and audiences become more linguistically and culturally diverse, the ways that English is composed at the linguistic, rhetorical, and discursive levels are changing, resulting in an ongoing search for adequate theoretical frameworks to describe the reality of academic and professional writing practices. Two related frameworks, English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) and translingualism, propose more flexible patterns of communication between users of different varieties of English, with negotiation and accommodation being keys to success. In this paper, we argue that the efforts to introduce ELF and translingualism into EAP and ESP contexts can benefit from Intercultural Rhetoric (IR), or “the study of written discourse between and among individuals with different cultural backgrounds” ( Connor, 2011 , p.2), which has adopted a dynamic view of culture, while continuing to stress the importance of genre comparability. Finally, we make recommendations for research and pedagogical applications that draw from IR, ELF, and translingualism to promote the growth of EAP/ESP in an ever-changing, globalized world.
Applied Linguistics and Language Teaching in the Neo-Nationalist Era, 2020
This introductory chapter begins by tracking recent geopolitical events that point to a worldwide... more This introductory chapter begins by tracking recent geopolitical events that point to a worldwide resurgence in nationalism. The author then argues that the desire for tighter restrictions on immigration and increased border security has emerged largely in response to growing dissatisfaction with inequalities resulting from neoliberal globalization, although this may manifest in different forms depending on the history and demographics of a nation. Next, he explores how language policies and education practices have played key roles in perpetuating both nationalism and neoliberalism. He then poses questions about the place of second and foreign language teaching in a world where many leaders are stirring up xenophobic sentiments. Finally, the chapter ends with a call for applied linguists and language teachers to focus on matters of concern and work together to build bridges across disciplinary and national boundaries. Suggestions are based on policies and practices outlined in the ...
As publication provides the primary basis for an evaluation for promotion and tenure, the ability... more As publication provides the primary basis for an evaluation for promotion and tenure, the ability to write and produce research reports is a fundamental skill for the academic professional. Whether one writes final papers, theses, dissertations, or professional publications, the essential characteristics of the research report remain the same. Research reports are written to present an argument, and all the components of the report should be written to serve the argument. This chapter summarizes and discusses components and characteristics of the research report from several different points of view, but each with an eye toward effective argumentation. First, an overview of the American Psychological Association's Publication Manual is provided. The Manual presents more than the most commonly followed citation style; it embodies received wisdom with respect to writing style in the social sciences. However, when considering how to write an effective research report, a wealth of additional resources exists. These resources include the vast literature on writing theses and dissertations (the “how to finish” genre) and articles on academic style and argumentation written from editors' and researchers' points of view (the “how to publish” genre). These how to genres are augmented by a large body of literature in which the process and the products of research writing are objects of investigation. Considered together, these resources demystify both process and genre, providing a foundation that allows writers to present their research with confidence. Keywords: Assessment evaluation; Language for academic purposes; Language for specific purposes; Research methods
This special issue focuses on how neo‐nationalist movements are affecting the teaching of English... more This special issue focuses on how neo‐nationalist movements are affecting the teaching of English to speakers of other languages in several countries where English functions as the dominant language, an official language, a lingua franca, and/or a required subject in schools. In this introduction, we offer background on neo‐nationalism and the teaching of English, as well as preview key themes and responses addressed in the rest of the special issue. We then provide an overview of the research articles, brief report, and commentaries that respond to the question of how the field of TESOL, which has benefited from neoliberal globalization even while critiquing it, can meet the challenges posed by a world in which more governments are withdrawing from international agreements, reinforcing their borders, and inciting xenophobic violence among the general populace.
As publication provides the primary basis for an evaluation for promotion and tenure, the ability... more As publication provides the primary basis for an evaluation for promotion and tenure, the ability to write and produce research reports is a fundamental skill for the academic professional. Whether one writes final papers, theses, dissertations, or professional publications, the essential characteristics of the research report remain the same. Research reports are written to present an argument, and all the components of the report should be written to serve the argument. This chapter summarizes and discusses components and characteristics of the research report from several different points of view, but each with an eye toward effective argumentation. First, an overview of the American Psychological Association's Publication Manual is provided. The Manual presents more than the most commonly followed citation style; it embodies received wisdom with respect to writing style in the social sciences. However, when considering how to write an effective research report, a wealth of additional resources exists. These resources include the vast literature on writing theses and dissertations (the “how to finish” genre) and articles on academic style and argumentation written from editors' and researchers' points of view (the “how to publish” genre). These how to genres are augmented by a large body of literature in which the process and the products of research writing are objects of investigation. Considered together, these resources demystify both process and genre, providing a foundation that allows writers to present their research with confidence. Keywords: Assessment evaluation; Language for academic purposes; Language for specific purposes; Research methods
The received notion of culture as a monolithic national identity has in recent decades given way ... more The received notion of culture as a monolithic national identity has in recent decades given way to a new conceptualization. Culture is increasingly viewed as dynamic and multidimensional. Culture can include national or ethnic, but also disciplinary or ...
Applied Linguistics and Language Teaching in the Neo-Nationalist Era, 2020
This chapter examines how a resurgence of nationalism in the People’s Republic of China under Pre... more This chapter examines how a resurgence of nationalism in the People’s Republic of China under President Xi Jinping has affected the teaching of English there. First, the authors provide a brief history of English in China, and then focus on its role in the internationalization of Chinese universities in the 1990s and early 2000s. Next, they examine recent changes to national and local English teaching policies through the perspectives of instructors and students at a coastal university in southern China that was part of the economic opening and reforms in the 1980s but has since shifted its orientation away from internationalization under pressure from the central government. By recounting of these experiences, the authors reveal the range of impacts that recent nationalist policies have had on English teaching in China and point to pedagogical interventions that seek to balance internationalist and nationalist desires in China.
Abstract Over the last several decades, the perceived norms of writing in English for Academic Pu... more Abstract Over the last several decades, the perceived norms of writing in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) have been affected by the dominance of that language across an array of fields and settings. As writers and audiences become more linguistically and culturally diverse, the ways that English is composed at the linguistic, rhetorical, and discursive levels are changing, resulting in an ongoing search for adequate theoretical frameworks to describe the reality of academic and professional writing practices. Two related frameworks, English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) and translingualism, propose more flexible patterns of communication between users of different varieties of English, with negotiation and accommodation being keys to success. In this paper, we argue that the efforts to introduce ELF and translingualism into EAP and ESP contexts can benefit from Intercultural Rhetoric (IR), or “the study of written discourse between and among individuals with different cultural backgrounds” ( Connor, 2011 , p.2), which has adopted a dynamic view of culture, while continuing to stress the importance of genre comparability. Finally, we make recommendations for research and pedagogical applications that draw from IR, ELF, and translingualism to promote the growth of EAP/ESP in an ever-changing, globalized world.
Applied Linguistics and Language Teaching in the Neo-Nationalist Era, 2020
This introductory chapter begins by tracking recent geopolitical events that point to a worldwide... more This introductory chapter begins by tracking recent geopolitical events that point to a worldwide resurgence in nationalism. The author then argues that the desire for tighter restrictions on immigration and increased border security has emerged largely in response to growing dissatisfaction with inequalities resulting from neoliberal globalization, although this may manifest in different forms depending on the history and demographics of a nation. Next, he explores how language policies and education practices have played key roles in perpetuating both nationalism and neoliberalism. He then poses questions about the place of second and foreign language teaching in a world where many leaders are stirring up xenophobic sentiments. Finally, the chapter ends with a call for applied linguists and language teachers to focus on matters of concern and work together to build bridges across disciplinary and national boundaries. Suggestions are based on policies and practices outlined in the ...
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