Papers by Abdellatif M . Sadeq
M.Sc. Thesis, 2017
Combustion Characteristics and Emission of a DI Diesel Engine Utilizing New Induction Manifold De... more Combustion Characteristics and Emission of a DI Diesel Engine Utilizing New Induction Manifold Designs and Running on Alternative Fuel Blends
Results in Engineering, 2024
This study experimentally investigates the turbulent flame speeds (St) of Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) fu... more This study experimentally investigates the turbulent flame speeds (St) of Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) fuel and a 50/50 blend with diesel across turbulence intensities (u’) ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 m/s and equivalence ratios (Φ) from 0.7 to 1.3. Experiments were conducted using a cylindrical fan-stirred combustion bomb at an initial temperature (Ti) of 463 K and atmospheric pressure under near homogeneous and isotropic turbulence (HIT) conditions. A pressure transducer measured the St of the propagating GTL flame. High-speed imaging reveals that changes in flame brightness are associated with variations in flame temperature and soot incandescence. Compared to diesel, stoichiometric GTL and the 50/50 diesel-GTL blend showed peak combustion pressure reductions of 8.9 % and 4.9 %, respectively. Rich diesel fuel and lean GTL exhibited higher pressure rise rates, flame propagation, and St due to their Lewis numbers (Le) being less than one, enhancing flame-turbulence interaction. At u‵ of 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 m/s, St for GTL increased by approximately 3.6 %, 5.3 %, and 2.8 %, respectively, when compared todiesel, with these increases observed at Φ < 1.1. Transition from wrinkled to corrugated flamelets with increasing u‵ supports models predicting flame stability and potential industrial combustion efficiency improvements. Comparisons with numerical St results using the Zimont Turbulent Flame Speed Closure (Zimont TFC) model showed good agreement at lower (u’ = 0.5 m/s) and mid-range (u’ = 2.0 m/s) turbulence intensities but discrepancies at higher intensities (u’ = 3.0 m/s), highlighting the need to refine numerical models for more accurate predictions across all turbulence levels.
Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences, 2024
Today, Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) have attracted the attention of researchers in various indust... more Today, Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) have attracted the attention of researchers in various industries. The development of these materials in bioscience and biomaterials is also significant. Graphene quantum dots are of interest due to their unique features in in-vivo imaging, develop drug delivery materials and improving the performance of dental implants. In the present research, some of the latest achievements in this field have been collected as a mini review. Graphene quantum dots can be used in drug delivery applications, development of in vivo imaging and similar cases. At the end of each section, suggestions are provided for researchers and more developing of Graphene quantum dots. Notably, this article only examines the latest achievements in the field of Graphene quantum dots and its results do not confirm or deny the use of this material in bioscience and biomaterials.
Composites Part C Open Access, 2024
This study investigates the structural behaviour of double-skin columns, introducing novel double... more This study investigates the structural behaviour of double-skin columns, introducing novel double-skin double filled tubular (DSDFT) columns, which utilise double steel tubes and concrete to enhance the load-carrying capacity and ductility beyond conventional double-skin hollow tubular (DSHT) columns, employing a combination of finite element model (FEM) and machine learning (ML) techniques. A total of 48 columns (DSHT+DSDFT) were created to examine the impact of various parameters, such as double steel tube configurations, thickness of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) layer, type of FRP material, and steel tube diameter, on the load-carrying capacity and ductility of the columns. The results were validated against the experimental findings to ensure their accuracy. Key findings highlight the advantages of the DSDFT configuration. Compared to the DSHT columns, the DSDFT columns exhibited remarkable 19.54 % to 101.21 % increases in the load-carrying capacity, demonstrating improved ductility and load-bearing capabilities. Thicker FRP layers enhanced the load-carrying capacity up to 15 %, however at the expense of the reduced axial strain. It was also observed that glass FRP wrapping displayed 25 % superior ultimate axial strain than aramid FRP wrapping. Four different ML models were assessed to predict the axial load-carrying capacity of the columns, with long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional LSTM models emerging as superior choices indicating exceptional predictive capabilities. This interdisciplinary approach offers valuable insights into designing and optimising confined column systems. It sheds light on both double-tube and single-tube configurations, propelling advancements in structural engineering practices for new constructions and retrofitting. Further, it lays out a blueprint for maximising the performance of the confined columns under the axial compression.
Results in Engineering, 2024
The ignition delay time (IDT) is a fundamental combustion parameter of any fuel, which has a dire... more The ignition delay time (IDT) is a fundamental combustion parameter of any fuel, which has a direct impact on its combustion and exhaust emissions in diesel engines. In this research, a thorough experimental study was conducted to investigate the ignition delay of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) fuel and its 50%-50 % blends with diesel under a wide range of operating conditions using a conventional shock tube apparatus. Simultaneously, a comprehensive chemical kinetic model, based on the well-established POLIMI mechanism, was developed to simulate the complex combustion chemistry of diesel, GTL, and their blends. Several loading pressures in the driver section ranging from 6 to 14 bar that results in reflected pressure of 8-16 bar, and equivalence ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.3 as well as different initial temperatures have been examined. Calibration of the shock tube indicated that a driver gas tailoring technique was necessary to be used, which was conducted by adding a small ratio of either argon or nitrogen to helium to get an extended test time by 32 % with a good rapture pressure. IDT measurements showed that GTL has the shorter ignition delay time than that of diesel fuel for all conditions. The findings show that IDT measurements for GTL fuel has a shorter ignition delay time than that of diesel fuel for all conditions. Under stoichiometric conditions (ɸ = 1.0), IDT of the blended fuel was about 3 ms, very close to that of GTL at 975 K. However, at a temperature above 1000 K, the IDT of the three fuels were almost identical and ranging between 1 and 2 ms. At a temperature of 1100 K, the IDT of the blended fuel was 5.5 ms, almost a middle value between those of the pure diesel, 0.522 ms, and GTL fuel, 0.495 ms. The shortest IDT of the blended fuel was about 0.4 ms with the highest value of the reflected pressure of 14 bar, while the longest IDT was around 10 ms with the rich mixture at ɸ = 1.3. The study can add to the existing literature illustrating the behavior of GTL-diesel blend can affect IDT.
Discover Materials, 2024
Recent advancements in material sciences have underscored the increasing utilization of composite... more Recent advancements in material sciences have underscored the increasing utilization of composite materials, notably polymer-based composites, renowned for their exceptional tensile strength and lightweight characteristics. The tailored fiber structures within these composites, and their strategic placement within the polymer matrix, are pivotal in modifying the resultant composite's properties. This review article systematically examines the diverse attributes of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites, including their manufacturing techniques, mechanical properties, and application domains. In this article, the role of natural and artificial fibers in the development of FRP composites is discussed. It has also been observed that new research is being done in the direction of quantum dots (QDs) in order to improve some features of FRP composites. A particular focus is placed on how different fiber weaves and orientations impact the overall performance and utility of FRP components. By aggregating and analyzing current research, this paper aims to elucidate the complexities of FRP composites and forecast trends in their development and use. Also, in the final part, a review of the importance of additive manufacturing in the development of FRP composites has been done.
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2024
Studying the spatial and temporal evolution in turbulent flames represents one of the most challe... more Studying the spatial and temporal evolution in turbulent flames represents one of the most challenging problems in the combustion community. Based on previous 3D numerical analyses, this study aims to develop data-driven machine learning (ML) models for predicting the flame radius evolution and turbulent flame speeds for diesel, gas-to-liquids (GTL), and their 50/50 blend (by volumetric composition) under different thermodynamic and turbulence operating conditions. Two ML models were developed in this study. Model 1 predicts the variations of the flame radius with time, equivalence ratio, and turbulence intensity, whereas model 2 predicts the variations of the turbulence flame speed with the operating parameters. The k-fold cross-validation technique is used for model training, and the developed neural network-based model is used to investigate the effects of operating parameters on the premixed turbulent flames. In addition, the possible minimum and maximum values of responses at the corresponding operating parameters are found using a genetic algorithm (GA) approach. Model 1 could capture the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) outputs with high precision at different flame radiuses and time instants with a maximum absolute error percentage of 5.46%. For model 2, the maximum absolute error percentage was 6.58%. Overall, this study demonstrates the applicability and promising performance of the proposed ML models, which will be used in subsequent research to analyze turbulent flames a posteriori.
Applied Energy, 2023
The intelligent buildings provided various incentives to get highly inefficient energy-saving cau... more The intelligent buildings provided various incentives to get highly inefficient energy-saving caused by the non-stationary building environments. In the presence of such dynamic excitation with higher levels of nonlinearity and coupling effect of temperature and humidity, the HVAC system transitions from underdamped to overdamped indoor conditions. This led to the promotion of highly inefficient energy use and fluctuating indoor thermal comfort. To address these concerns, this study develops a novel framework based on deep clustering of lagrangian trajectories for multi-task learning (DCLTML) and adding a pre-cooling coil in the air handling unit (AHU) to alleviate a coupling issue. The proposed DCLTML exhibits great overall control and is suitable for multi-objective optimisation based on cooperative multi-agent systems (CMAS). The framework of DCLTML is used greedy iterative training to get an optimal set of weights and tabulated as a layer for each clustering structure. Such layers can deal with the challenges of large space and its massive data. Then the layer weights of each cluster are tuned by the Quasi-Newton (QN) algorithm to make the action sequence of CMAS optimal. Such a policy of CMAS effectively manipulates the inputs of the AHU, where the agents of the AHU activate the natural ventilation and set chillers into an idle state when the outdoor temperature crosses the recommended value. So, it is reasonable to assess the impact potential of thermal mass and hybrid ventilation strategy in reducing cooling energy; accordingly, the assigning results of the proposed DCLTML show that its main cooling coil saves >40% compared to the conventional benchmarks. Besides significant energy savings and improving environmental comfort, the DCLTML exhibits superior high-speed response and robustness performance and eliminates fatigue and wear due to shuttering valves. The results show that the DCLTML algorithm is a promising new approach for controlling HVAC systems. It is more robust to environmental variations than traditional controllers, and it can learn to control the HVAC system in a way that minimises energy consumption. The DCLTML algorithm is still under development, but it can potentially revolutionise how HVAC systems are controlled.
Ph.D. Dissertation, 2022
The rapid fluctuation in oil prices and the increased demand for alternative fuels to replace con... more The rapid fluctuation in oil prices and the increased demand for alternative fuels to replace conventional fuels are challenging contemporary issues. One such alternative fuel that has gained significant interest recently is the Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) fuel, which is in the stage of replacing conventional diesel. However, detailed combustion characteristic investigations are required before using this alternative fuel broadly in engines. Therefore, the present dissertation is dedicated to experimentally investigate GTL (and its 50/50 by volume blend with diesel) turbulent flame speeds (St) under a wide range of thermodynamics and turbulence operating conditions using a cylindrical fan-stirred combustion bomb. Turbulent premixed GTL flame is centrally ignited in an 81.7L cylindrical combustion bomb under atmospheric pressure at an initial temperature of 463K near Homogeneous and Isotropic Turbulence (HIT) conditions. The experiments are conducted under a wide range of equivalence ratios (Ф) between 0.7 to 1.3 and turbulence intensities (u`) that vary between 0.5m/s and 3.0m/s at an integral length scale, Lt=20mm. The turbulent flame speed of the outwardly propagating GTL flame is measured using a pressure transducer, and the flame propagation is visualized by high-speed imaging. To extend and verify the experimental findings, Zimont Turbulent Flame Speed Closure (Zimont TFC) numerical model is adapted and implemented into ANSYS Fluent through a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach to study the influence of turbulence on GTL premixed combustion. The results showed that: (i) rich diesel and lean GTL fuels are characterized by faster flame development and pressure rise rate (dp/dt) and thus, higher turbulent flame speeds; (ii) at the same elapsed time, turbulent Reynolds numbers (ReT) and Damkohler numbers (Da) are higher for stoichiometric GTL fuel compared to diesel and 50/50 diesel-GTL blend, which indicates that the flame propagates towards the vessel’s wall at a faster rate, and the chemistry has dominated turbulence in a shorter time, and (iii) at low turbulence intensity level (u`=0.5m/s), the flame morphology is defined by a wrinkled flamelet regime in Borghi diagram. However, at moderate and high turbulence levels (u`=1.5m/s and u`=3.0m/s, respectively), the corrugated flamelets regime defines the flame structure.
Data in Brief, 2021
A fan-stirred combustion vessel is used to study the premixed turbulent combustion of diesel, Gas... more A fan-stirred combustion vessel is used to study the premixed turbulent combustion of diesel, Gas to Liquids (GTL) and 50/50 diesel-GTL and to generate these datasets. A numerical simulation approach is implemented for modelling the premixed combustion of the three fuels under different thermodynamics and turbulence initial conditions, using Zimont Turbulent Flame Speed Closure (Zimont TFC) model. Different parameters are obtained from these simulation runs such as turbulent eddy viscosity (µ), turbulent kinetic energy (k), Damkohler number (Da), Reynolds number (ReT) and turbulent flame speed (St). The raw, filtered and pre-processed data are imported from ANSYS Fluent and then listed on filtered tables for the ease of accessibility. These datasets can be then used to perform research in different related areas such as chemical kinetic mechanisms, ignition delay time, flame ignition mechanisms and flame extinction and diffusion. Also, they can be employed to further understand trends, patterns, and anomalies in data. In addition, they can be compared with other numerical models to establish a robust knowledge about the modelling of premixed turbulent combustion. For more information and discussion of the dataset creation, the reader is directed to the full-length article, “Abdellatif M. Sadeq, Samer F. Ahmed, Ahmad K. Sleiti, Transient 3D simulations of turbulent premixed flames of gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuel in a fan-stirred combustion vessel, Fuel, Volume 291, 2021, 120184, ISSN 0016 2361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120184."[1]
Fuel, 2021
This work aims to conduct turbulent flame studies of GTL fuel and 50/50 diesel-GTLblend and compa... more This work aims to conduct turbulent flame studies of GTL fuel and 50/50 diesel-GTLblend and compare them to diesel under a wide range of equivalence ratio (0.7 < Ф < 1.3) and turbulence intensities (0.5 m/s < u ′ < 3.0 m/ s). For this purpose, Zimont Turbulent Flame Speed Closure (Zimont TFC) model is adapted and implemented into ANSYS Fluent to study the influence of turbulence on premixed combustion. The model is verified against the experimental results of the turbulent flame speeds for methane-air mixture using a cylindrical fan-stirred combustion vessel. Results show that (i) rich diesel and lean GTL fuels are characterized by a faster flame development and higher turbulent flame speeds; (ii) at the same elapsed time, Re T and Da are found to be greater for stoichiometric GTL fuel compared to diesel and 50/50 diesel GTL blend, which indicates that the flame propagates towards the vessel's wall at a faster rate and the chemistry has dominated turbulence in a shorter time, and (iii) at low turbulence intensity level (u ′ =0.5 m/s), the flame morphology is defined by a wrinkled flamelet regime in Borghi diagram. However, at moderate and higher turbulence levels (u ′ =1.5 m/s and u ′ =3.0 m/s, respectively), the flame structure is defined by the corrugated flamelets regime. Furthermore, the turbulence homogeneity and isotropy have been investigated throughout the combustion vessel by conducting a study for the turbulent kinetic energy balance.
International Conference on Social Robotics, 2017
The advancement in 3D printing technologies appears to be the key toward affordable and functiona... more The advancement in 3D printing technologies appears to be the key toward affordable and functional artificial limbs. The loss of an amputee's capability to do functional tasks like grasping objects has an obvious effect on that individual's psychosocial behavior. In this paper, we investigate whether a low-cost 3D printed prosthetic hand can perform basic grasping tasks. We determine whether the fingertip forces used in grasping various objects are comparable to the grasping forces applied by the hands of 5 research participants. We considered 5 different grasps, namely, lateral pinch, spherical, disk, medium wrap, and thumb-index finger grasps for both the prosthetic and human hands. For each grasp, 25 readings for each finger were considered in the analysis. Results show that there were significant differences in the grasping contact forces recorded on the fingers of the prosthetic hand and the human hands. Since this prosthetic hand and similar 3D printed hands may not be able to reach the grasping forces of human hands, the results of this work open the motivation for addressing other requirements of articulated artificial hands for social interactions and gestures.
Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 2015
Gas to Liquids (GTL) is one of clean alternative fuels which loosely defined terms that is genera... more Gas to Liquids (GTL) is one of clean alternative fuels which loosely defined terms that is generally used to describe the chemical conversion of natural gas to some type of liquid products. As such, it excludes the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG), but includes the conversion of gas to methanol, liquid fuels, and petrochemicals, being the most common applications. In other words, Gas to liquids (GTL) technology is used to convert a carbon containing feedstock such as natural gas, to synthetic diesel fuels and further developed by oil companies. Fewer studies investigated the use of GTL diesel with the existing diesel engines to study the effect of using this new alternative fuel on the efficiency and emissions in these engines. Hence, the objectives of this study are to investigate the behavior of the GTL – diesel fuel blends in context of different combustion characteristics, engine performance and emissions. It is expected that the outcomes of this study will shed further light on GTL diesel fuel as a clean alternative fuel.
13th International Energy Conversion Engineering ConferenceAt: Orlando, FL, USA, 2015
The demands for increasing the swirl in the combustion chamber and for decreasing exhaust emissio... more The demands for increasing the swirl in the combustion chamber and for decreasing exhaust emissions have increased rapidly over the past few years which attracted the researchers’ attention to test new designs of the induction manifold that can match these demands since the recession of crude oil and environmental pollutions have become the main concerns in automotive industry. This can be done through varying the manifold’s
geometry such as outlet angle and resizing the inner diameter. This research proposes new design configurations to be replaced the standard induction manifold to enhance the air motion and turbulence in the combustion chamber. The new induction manifolds have been designed with helical and spiral shape based on varying the inner diameter and the
outlet angle of the manifolds. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of each manifold design on engine performance parameters and emissions under different operating engine conditions of a single-cylinder compression ignition engine. Two fuels will be used; diesel and Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) fuels. The results are compared between the new manifold
designs and the standard one.
Teaching Documents by Abdellatif M . Sadeq
Teaching Document, 2023
The goal of this project is to write a Python program that computes and presents the air resistan... more The goal of this project is to write a Python program that computes and presents the air resistance encountered by a cyclist under different conditions. This program will consider variables like speed, drag coefficient, frontal area, and air density. The main objective involves generating graphical representations that showcase how velocity relates to drag force and how drag coefficient influences drag force. By doing so, the program aims to offer valuable understanding into how a cyclist's aerodynamic performance is influenced by various factors affecting drag force.
Teaching Document, 2023
The goal of this paper is to write a Python code capable of performing data analysis and visualiz... more The goal of this paper is to write a Python code capable of performing data analysis and visualization tasks frequently employed by companies. The script should offer features such as generating visualizations using designated column numbers and automatically extracting labels from the data file. It should handle incompatible files gracefully, displaying a relevant message upon detection. Furthermore, the script should compute fundamental performance metrics, encompassing the calculation of area beneath a Pressure-Volume diagram, estimation of engine power output at a consistent RPM, and determination of specific fuel consumption (sfc) based on provided data. The aim is to establish a versatile and automated tool for data analysis that emphasizes visualization and performance calculations.
Teaching Document, 2023
The goal of this paper is to investigate the meanings of parameters, curve fitting techniques, an... more The goal of this paper is to investigate the meanings of parameters, curve fitting techniques, and data analysis in Python using the Specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) vs. Temperature dataset. This entails comprehending the significance of "popt" and "pcov," clarifying the purpose of "np.array(temperature)," and understanding the role of the asterisk (*) in "*popt." Furthermore, the task involves coding both linear and cubic polynomial curve fits for the Cp data and assessing the quality of these fits. It aims to identify the necessary steps for achieving a perfect curve fit and providing empirical evidence of how well the chosen curve models align with the Cp vs. Temperature dataset.
Teaching Document, 2023
The main objectives of this paper are: 1- Apply the Newton-Raphson technique to determine the pre... more The main objectives of this paper are: 1- Apply the Newton-Raphson technique to determine the pressure value when `h` is set to 0.6. 2- Identify the most favorable relaxation factor for this issue by utilizing an appropriate plot. 3- Organize a table presenting the pressure results for `p` at various `h` values, specifically [0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3, 3.6, 4.2], while considering an appropriate relaxation factor.
Teaching Document, 2023
This paper aims to write a Python code that can simulate and animate the movement of a damped sim... more This paper aims to write a Python code that can simulate and animate the movement of a damped simple pendulum using Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). This involves creating equations that account for damping effects and considering factors like gravity, length, mass, and damping coefficient. Through numerical methods, the program computes how the pendulum's angular displacement and velocity change over a defined time span. Using matplotlib, the program then generates an animation that visually represents the pendulum's motion. This challenge illustrates how ODEs can be applied in engineering to model and visualize real-world systems.
Teaching Document, 2023
This paper presents a computational approach to analyzing the air-standard Otto cycle, widely use... more This paper presents a computational approach to analyzing the air-standard Otto cycle, widely used in gasoline engines. The paper develops a Python-based model to calculate key thermodynamic parameters, generate Pressure-Volume (PV) diagrams, and assess thermal efficiency. By simulating compression, combustion, and expansion phases, the study provides insights into the efficiency and performance of spark-ignition engines. The work serves as a practical resource for engineers and students, offering a visual and analytical understanding of Otto cycle behavior and its role in internal combustion engine design.
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Papers by Abdellatif M . Sadeq
geometry such as outlet angle and resizing the inner diameter. This research proposes new design configurations to be replaced the standard induction manifold to enhance the air motion and turbulence in the combustion chamber. The new induction manifolds have been designed with helical and spiral shape based on varying the inner diameter and the
outlet angle of the manifolds. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of each manifold design on engine performance parameters and emissions under different operating engine conditions of a single-cylinder compression ignition engine. Two fuels will be used; diesel and Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) fuels. The results are compared between the new manifold
designs and the standard one.
Teaching Documents by Abdellatif M . Sadeq
geometry such as outlet angle and resizing the inner diameter. This research proposes new design configurations to be replaced the standard induction manifold to enhance the air motion and turbulence in the combustion chamber. The new induction manifolds have been designed with helical and spiral shape based on varying the inner diameter and the
outlet angle of the manifolds. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of each manifold design on engine performance parameters and emissions under different operating engine conditions of a single-cylinder compression ignition engine. Two fuels will be used; diesel and Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) fuels. The results are compared between the new manifold
designs and the standard one.