The North Church (Beitang) in Beijing was located in the imperial city during the Qing dynasty an... more The North Church (Beitang) in Beijing was located in the imperial city during the Qing dynasty and was the heart of the French Jesuit mission in the 18th century. This article explores the establishment and transformation of the lay associations of the church through a comparison of Chinese and western documents. The association of Saint Sacrement, the Sacred Heart and its affiliated associations not only inherited the legacy of the Catholic communities of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, but also introduced into China the Catholic rite of worship in France during the same period. The close collaboration between missionaries and local preachers in the development of organisational texts and rituals was a key element in the continued development of Catholicism. An examination of the lay associations and its religious life will help to better understand the everyday life of the Catholic community in urban and rural China before the Opium Wars.
National Library of France keeps a scenic illusion (or Tongjing) painting of a Catholic church, a... more National Library of France keeps a scenic illusion (or Tongjing) painting of a Catholic church, an anonymous painting in Qing Dynasty combining Chinese and Western styles, which was purchased from an auction house in Paris in 1968 and collected in National Library of France in 1974. Because of its unknown origin, the painting was not recorded in the early electronic catalogue of National Library of France and was simply marked as Ceremony in front of a church in Beijing in the catalogue of the epigraphy paintings printed for library internal use in 1990. In recent years, it was confirmed to be “Beitang” (the North Church) which Emperor Kangxi had ordered to be built for French Jesuit missionaries at Canchikou in Beijing, the more details of this painting has been gradually unveiled. Compared with the works of Chinese Catholic art at that period, this painting is not only different in style, but also unique for the study on religious practices of urban Catholic communities in modern China. This paper attempts to re-examine the correspondence of French missionaries and the relevant historical data of Jesuit court painters, infer the approximate date of this painting and its author, and briefly review the historical changes of Beitang.
Beitang was established by the French Jesuits at the turn of the 17-18th century in Beijing.2
The... more Beitang was established by the French Jesuits at the turn of the 17-18th century in Beijing.2 The collection of books of "Beitang Library” came from different sources of the catholic churches and institutions in China. It was only after many vicissitudes that the collection came to settle in the Beitang and to take its final name from the particular church. There were the European books and the books printed in the far east: Goa, Manille, Nagazaki, Macao, Beijing etc., during the 16th century to 20th century. Before 1950s, many researchers have been worked on the history and some particular books of this collection, till the Beijing Lazarist mission published the catalogue of the European books at 1949.
in Luo Feng, ed. Sichou zhilu shang de kaogu, zongjiao yu lishi, Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 2011, ... more in Luo Feng, ed. Sichou zhilu shang de kaogu, zongjiao yu lishi, Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 2011, pp. 312-319.
Pope Clemens Ⅺ announced the new breve to forbid the Christians in China keeping
the Chinese Rite... more Pope Clemens Ⅺ announced the new breve to forbid the Christians in China keeping the Chinese Rites, but Emperor Kangxi disagreed with it, he asked the missionaries should respect the Chinese Rites as the condition of staying in China. Carlo Tommaso Maillard de Tournon was sent to China to stop the disputes between the different Catholic churches in China by the Pope. As Kangxi was much concern on this issue, he also sent many Jesuits as his ambassadors to Rome. P.Joseph-Antoine Provana, as the the only one ambassador who was successed this mission between Kangxi to Rome, played a very important role in this event. This article took a textual research on Provana’s mission with the use of Chinese archives and European documents , and tried to have a discussion on the communication and wrestle between Kangxi, Portuguese government and Pope. Thus, we could also have a better understanding on the encounters and experiences of missionaries in different churches in the rough time.
In the middle 17th Century,around the time when the Manchurian occupation overthrew the Ming Dyna... more In the middle 17th Century,around the time when the Manchurian occupation overthrew the Ming Dynasty,Catholic missionaries found new opportunities in China,and in the Northwest,it was particularly so.Waves of missionaries,mostly members of the Society of Jesus,swarmed into Gansu and Qinghai,settled in such places as Lanzhou,Ganzhou,Liangzhou and Xining,and started church building and conversion.By the time of Kangxi's reign,Catholic missionary activity had been well established,and when the Franciscan monks came to Gansu the missionary cause gained substantial development.Despite the atrocious persecutions against the missionaries and the converts during the reign of Yongzheng and Qianlong,the missionary influence remained till the end of the Qing Dynasty.
C'est toute l'histoire de la paroisse du Beitang à Pékin que retrace cet ouvrage, depuis son émer... more C'est toute l'histoire de la paroisse du Beitang à Pékin que retrace cet ouvrage, depuis son émergence avec l'arrivée des premiers jésuites français à Pékin en 1688 et leur accueil par l'empereur dans la Cité impériale, jusqu'à sa fermeture en 1827.
The North Church (Beitang) in Beijing was located in the imperial city during the Qing dynasty an... more The North Church (Beitang) in Beijing was located in the imperial city during the Qing dynasty and was the heart of the French Jesuit mission in the 18th century. This article explores the establishment and transformation of the lay associations of the church through a comparison of Chinese and western documents. The association of Saint Sacrement, the Sacred Heart and its affiliated associations not only inherited the legacy of the Catholic communities of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, but also introduced into China the Catholic rite of worship in France during the same period. The close collaboration between missionaries and local preachers in the development of organisational texts and rituals was a key element in the continued development of Catholicism. An examination of the lay associations and its religious life will help to better understand the everyday life of the Catholic community in urban and rural China before the Opium Wars.
National Library of France keeps a scenic illusion (or Tongjing) painting of a Catholic church, a... more National Library of France keeps a scenic illusion (or Tongjing) painting of a Catholic church, an anonymous painting in Qing Dynasty combining Chinese and Western styles, which was purchased from an auction house in Paris in 1968 and collected in National Library of France in 1974. Because of its unknown origin, the painting was not recorded in the early electronic catalogue of National Library of France and was simply marked as Ceremony in front of a church in Beijing in the catalogue of the epigraphy paintings printed for library internal use in 1990. In recent years, it was confirmed to be “Beitang” (the North Church) which Emperor Kangxi had ordered to be built for French Jesuit missionaries at Canchikou in Beijing, the more details of this painting has been gradually unveiled. Compared with the works of Chinese Catholic art at that period, this painting is not only different in style, but also unique for the study on religious practices of urban Catholic communities in modern China. This paper attempts to re-examine the correspondence of French missionaries and the relevant historical data of Jesuit court painters, infer the approximate date of this painting and its author, and briefly review the historical changes of Beitang.
Beitang was established by the French Jesuits at the turn of the 17-18th century in Beijing.2
The... more Beitang was established by the French Jesuits at the turn of the 17-18th century in Beijing.2 The collection of books of "Beitang Library” came from different sources of the catholic churches and institutions in China. It was only after many vicissitudes that the collection came to settle in the Beitang and to take its final name from the particular church. There were the European books and the books printed in the far east: Goa, Manille, Nagazaki, Macao, Beijing etc., during the 16th century to 20th century. Before 1950s, many researchers have been worked on the history and some particular books of this collection, till the Beijing Lazarist mission published the catalogue of the European books at 1949.
in Luo Feng, ed. Sichou zhilu shang de kaogu, zongjiao yu lishi, Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 2011, ... more in Luo Feng, ed. Sichou zhilu shang de kaogu, zongjiao yu lishi, Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 2011, pp. 312-319.
Pope Clemens Ⅺ announced the new breve to forbid the Christians in China keeping
the Chinese Rite... more Pope Clemens Ⅺ announced the new breve to forbid the Christians in China keeping the Chinese Rites, but Emperor Kangxi disagreed with it, he asked the missionaries should respect the Chinese Rites as the condition of staying in China. Carlo Tommaso Maillard de Tournon was sent to China to stop the disputes between the different Catholic churches in China by the Pope. As Kangxi was much concern on this issue, he also sent many Jesuits as his ambassadors to Rome. P.Joseph-Antoine Provana, as the the only one ambassador who was successed this mission between Kangxi to Rome, played a very important role in this event. This article took a textual research on Provana’s mission with the use of Chinese archives and European documents , and tried to have a discussion on the communication and wrestle between Kangxi, Portuguese government and Pope. Thus, we could also have a better understanding on the encounters and experiences of missionaries in different churches in the rough time.
In the middle 17th Century,around the time when the Manchurian occupation overthrew the Ming Dyna... more In the middle 17th Century,around the time when the Manchurian occupation overthrew the Ming Dynasty,Catholic missionaries found new opportunities in China,and in the Northwest,it was particularly so.Waves of missionaries,mostly members of the Society of Jesus,swarmed into Gansu and Qinghai,settled in such places as Lanzhou,Ganzhou,Liangzhou and Xining,and started church building and conversion.By the time of Kangxi's reign,Catholic missionary activity had been well established,and when the Franciscan monks came to Gansu the missionary cause gained substantial development.Despite the atrocious persecutions against the missionaries and the converts during the reign of Yongzheng and Qianlong,the missionary influence remained till the end of the Qing Dynasty.
C'est toute l'histoire de la paroisse du Beitang à Pékin que retrace cet ouvrage, depuis son émer... more C'est toute l'histoire de la paroisse du Beitang à Pékin que retrace cet ouvrage, depuis son émergence avec l'arrivée des premiers jésuites français à Pékin en 1688 et leur accueil par l'empereur dans la Cité impériale, jusqu'à sa fermeture en 1827.
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Papers by Liu Qinghua
The collection of books of "Beitang Library” came from different sources of the catholic
churches and institutions in China. It was only after many vicissitudes that the collection
came to settle in the Beitang and to take its final name from the particular church. There
were the European books and the books printed in the far east: Goa, Manille, Nagazaki,
Macao, Beijing etc., during the 16th century to 20th century. Before 1950s, many researchers
have been worked on the history and some particular books of this collection, till the
Beijing Lazarist mission published the catalogue of the European books at 1949.
the Chinese Rites, but Emperor Kangxi disagreed with it, he asked the missionaries should
respect the Chinese Rites as the condition of staying in China. Carlo Tommaso Maillard de
Tournon was sent to China to stop the disputes between the different Catholic churches in
China by the Pope. As Kangxi was much concern on this issue, he also sent many Jesuits as
his ambassadors to Rome. P.Joseph-Antoine Provana, as the the only one ambassador who
was successed this mission between Kangxi to Rome, played a very important role in this
event. This article took a textual research on Provana’s mission with the use of Chinese
archives and European documents , and tried to have a discussion on the communication and
wrestle between Kangxi, Portuguese government and Pope. Thus, we could also have a better
understanding on the encounters and experiences of missionaries in different churches in the
rough time.
Books by Liu Qinghua
The collection of books of "Beitang Library” came from different sources of the catholic
churches and institutions in China. It was only after many vicissitudes that the collection
came to settle in the Beitang and to take its final name from the particular church. There
were the European books and the books printed in the far east: Goa, Manille, Nagazaki,
Macao, Beijing etc., during the 16th century to 20th century. Before 1950s, many researchers
have been worked on the history and some particular books of this collection, till the
Beijing Lazarist mission published the catalogue of the European books at 1949.
the Chinese Rites, but Emperor Kangxi disagreed with it, he asked the missionaries should
respect the Chinese Rites as the condition of staying in China. Carlo Tommaso Maillard de
Tournon was sent to China to stop the disputes between the different Catholic churches in
China by the Pope. As Kangxi was much concern on this issue, he also sent many Jesuits as
his ambassadors to Rome. P.Joseph-Antoine Provana, as the the only one ambassador who
was successed this mission between Kangxi to Rome, played a very important role in this
event. This article took a textual research on Provana’s mission with the use of Chinese
archives and European documents , and tried to have a discussion on the communication and
wrestle between Kangxi, Portuguese government and Pope. Thus, we could also have a better
understanding on the encounters and experiences of missionaries in different churches in the
rough time.