The concepts of separability, entanglement, spin-squeezing and Heisenberg limit are central in th... more The concepts of separability, entanglement, spin-squeezing and Heisenberg limit are central in the theory of quantum enhanced metrology. In the current literature, these are well established only in the case of linear interferometers operating with input quantum states of a known fixed number of particles. This manuscript generalizes these concepts and extends the quantum phase estimation theory by taking into account classical and quantum fluctuations of the particle number. Our analysis concerns most of the current experiments on precision measurements where the number of particles is known only in average.
A Bose-Einstein "double-slit" interferometer has been recently realized experimentally by (Y. Shi... more A Bose-Einstein "double-slit" interferometer has been recently realized experimentally by (Y. Shin et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 50405 (2004)). We analyze the interferometric steps by solving numerically the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevski equation in three-dimensional space. We focus on the adiabaticity time scales of the problem and on the creation of spurious collective excitations as a possible source of the strong dephasing observed experimentally. The role of quantum fluctuations is discussed.
Rhizobia are a group of bacteria that form nodules on the roots of legume host plants. The sequen... more Rhizobia are a group of bacteria that form nodules on the roots of legume host plants. The sequenced genomes of the rhizobia are characterized by the presence of many putative insertion sequences (IS) elements. However, it is unknown whether these IS elements are functional and it is therefore relevant to assess their transposition activity. In this work, several functional insertion sequences belonging to the IS1256, IS3, IS5, IS166, and IS21 families were captured from Rhizobium tropici, Rhizobium sp. NGR234 and Sinorhizobium meliloti, using pGBG1 as a trapping system. In silico analysis shows that homologs of rhizobia mobile elements are present in distantly related genomes, suggesting that Rhizobium IS elements are prone to genetic transfer.
The Fisher information $F$ gives a limit to the ultimate precision achievable in a phase estimati... more The Fisher information $F$ gives a limit to the ultimate precision achievable in a phase estimation protocol. It has been shown recently that the Fisher information for a linear two-mode interferometer cannot exceed the number of particles if the input state is separable. As a direct consequence, with such input states the shot-noise limit is the ultimate limit of precision. In this work, we go a step further by deducing bounds on $F$ for several multiparticle entanglement classes. These bounds imply that genuine multiparticle entanglement is needed for reaching the highest sensitivities in quantum interferometry. We further compute similar bounds on the average Fisher information $\bar F$ for collective spin operators, where the average is performed over all possible spin directions. We show that these criteria detect different sets of states and illustrate their strengths by considering several examples, also using experimental data. In particular, the criterion based on $\bar F$ is able to detect certain bound entangled states.
We show that the sensitivity of an atomic clock can be enhanced below the shot-noise level by ini... more We show that the sensitivity of an atomic clock can be enhanced below the shot-noise level by initially squeezing, and then measuring in output, the population of a single atomic level. This can simplify current experimental protocols which requires squeezing of the relative number of particles of the two populated states. We finally study, as a specific application, the clock sensitivity obtained with a single mode quantum non-demolition measurement.
Quantum superpositions of macroscopically distinguishable states having distinct phases can be cr... more Quantum superpositions of macroscopically distinguishable states having distinct phases can be created with a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a periodic potential. The experimental signature is contained in the phase distribution of the interference patterns obtained after releasing the traps. Moreover, in the double well case, this distribution exhibits a dramatic dependence on the parity of the total number of atoms. We finally show that, for single well occupations up to a few hundred atoms, the macroscopic quantum superposition can be robust enough against decoherence to be experimentally revealable within current technology.
Arquivo Brasileiro De Medicina Veterinaria E Zootecnia, 2006
This experiment was carried out in order to evaluate some technical aspects of the industrial pro... more This experiment was carried out in order to evaluate some technical aspects of the industrial processing of tilapias (Oreochromis spp.), with emphasis on the filefishing profitability in an industry, located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. During a period between January and November, 2004, 4260 fishes, totalling 2560kg, with individual weights ranging from 300 to 1000g (mean individual weight of 600g) were processed. Data collected comprehended total body weight, and parts weight, such as: head and viscera, filefish, skin, carcass residue and "toilet" residue, aiming to correlating the per cent value of each part, also considering: fish size method of cutting and processing time. The net filefish per cent was 31.0%, ranging between 28.9% to 33.6%, complemented by: head-viscera 36.0%; skin 8.0%; carcass residue 22.0% and toilet 3.0%. No statistical differences in net filefish gains in three different classes of sizes of fishes (300-600g; 601- 800g and 801-100g) (P>0.05) were detected. In addition, the variation of net yield, as well as labor efficiency, had a particular impact in the company competitvity.
The best performance of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is achieved with the input state |N_T/2 + 1... more The best performance of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is achieved with the input state |N_T/2 + 1>|N_T/2-1 > + |N_T/2 - 1>|N_T/2+1>, being N_T the total number of atoms/photons. This gives: i) a phase-shift error confidence C_{68%}=2.67/N_T with ii) a single interferometric measurement. Different input quantum states can achieve the Heisenberg scaling ~ 1/N_T but with higher prefactors and at the price of a statistical analysis of two or more independent measurements.
An experiment was carried out to investigate the biology of Salmonella Pullorum in two varieties ... more An experiment was carried out to investigate the biology of Salmonella Pullorum in two varieties of laying hens, from 5 days of age up to 9 months. One variety was resistant to systemic salmonellosis (light layers producing white eggs) and the other was considered susceptible (brown layers producing brown eggs). The brown birds were more affected by the infection, showing signs of clinical disease in the first month of life. Later, these signs disappeared, but postmortem examination revealed persistent gross pathological changes in the liver, spleen, heart and ovary. The rapid agglutination test detected reactors throughout the experiment, with the strongest agglutination from 1 to 7 months post-infection. S . Pullorum was isolated from some of the organs and the eggs laid throughout the experiment. The relationship between white birds and S . Pullorum was less intense, and there were no noticeable signs of disease. There were few gross pathological changes, and the bacteria were isolated infrequently and only for a brief period after infection, although contaminated eggs were laid by these birds. The strongest serological response in the white chickens occurred between the second and the fifth month post-infection.
The concepts of separability, entanglement, spin-squeezing and Heisenberg limit are central in th... more The concepts of separability, entanglement, spin-squeezing and Heisenberg limit are central in the theory of quantum enhanced metrology. In the current literature, these are well established only in the case of linear interferometers operating with input quantum states of a known fixed number of particles. This manuscript generalizes these concepts and extends the quantum phase estimation theory by taking into account classical and quantum fluctuations of the particle number. Our analysis concerns most of the current experiments on precision measurements where the number of particles is known only in average.
A Bose-Einstein "double-slit" interferometer has been recently realized experimentally by (Y. Shi... more A Bose-Einstein "double-slit" interferometer has been recently realized experimentally by (Y. Shin et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 50405 (2004)). We analyze the interferometric steps by solving numerically the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevski equation in three-dimensional space. We focus on the adiabaticity time scales of the problem and on the creation of spurious collective excitations as a possible source of the strong dephasing observed experimentally. The role of quantum fluctuations is discussed.
Rhizobia are a group of bacteria that form nodules on the roots of legume host plants. The sequen... more Rhizobia are a group of bacteria that form nodules on the roots of legume host plants. The sequenced genomes of the rhizobia are characterized by the presence of many putative insertion sequences (IS) elements. However, it is unknown whether these IS elements are functional and it is therefore relevant to assess their transposition activity. In this work, several functional insertion sequences belonging to the IS1256, IS3, IS5, IS166, and IS21 families were captured from Rhizobium tropici, Rhizobium sp. NGR234 and Sinorhizobium meliloti, using pGBG1 as a trapping system. In silico analysis shows that homologs of rhizobia mobile elements are present in distantly related genomes, suggesting that Rhizobium IS elements are prone to genetic transfer.
The Fisher information $F$ gives a limit to the ultimate precision achievable in a phase estimati... more The Fisher information $F$ gives a limit to the ultimate precision achievable in a phase estimation protocol. It has been shown recently that the Fisher information for a linear two-mode interferometer cannot exceed the number of particles if the input state is separable. As a direct consequence, with such input states the shot-noise limit is the ultimate limit of precision. In this work, we go a step further by deducing bounds on $F$ for several multiparticle entanglement classes. These bounds imply that genuine multiparticle entanglement is needed for reaching the highest sensitivities in quantum interferometry. We further compute similar bounds on the average Fisher information $\bar F$ for collective spin operators, where the average is performed over all possible spin directions. We show that these criteria detect different sets of states and illustrate their strengths by considering several examples, also using experimental data. In particular, the criterion based on $\bar F$ is able to detect certain bound entangled states.
We show that the sensitivity of an atomic clock can be enhanced below the shot-noise level by ini... more We show that the sensitivity of an atomic clock can be enhanced below the shot-noise level by initially squeezing, and then measuring in output, the population of a single atomic level. This can simplify current experimental protocols which requires squeezing of the relative number of particles of the two populated states. We finally study, as a specific application, the clock sensitivity obtained with a single mode quantum non-demolition measurement.
Quantum superpositions of macroscopically distinguishable states having distinct phases can be cr... more Quantum superpositions of macroscopically distinguishable states having distinct phases can be created with a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a periodic potential. The experimental signature is contained in the phase distribution of the interference patterns obtained after releasing the traps. Moreover, in the double well case, this distribution exhibits a dramatic dependence on the parity of the total number of atoms. We finally show that, for single well occupations up to a few hundred atoms, the macroscopic quantum superposition can be robust enough against decoherence to be experimentally revealable within current technology.
Arquivo Brasileiro De Medicina Veterinaria E Zootecnia, 2006
This experiment was carried out in order to evaluate some technical aspects of the industrial pro... more This experiment was carried out in order to evaluate some technical aspects of the industrial processing of tilapias (Oreochromis spp.), with emphasis on the filefishing profitability in an industry, located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. During a period between January and November, 2004, 4260 fishes, totalling 2560kg, with individual weights ranging from 300 to 1000g (mean individual weight of 600g) were processed. Data collected comprehended total body weight, and parts weight, such as: head and viscera, filefish, skin, carcass residue and "toilet" residue, aiming to correlating the per cent value of each part, also considering: fish size method of cutting and processing time. The net filefish per cent was 31.0%, ranging between 28.9% to 33.6%, complemented by: head-viscera 36.0%; skin 8.0%; carcass residue 22.0% and toilet 3.0%. No statistical differences in net filefish gains in three different classes of sizes of fishes (300-600g; 601- 800g and 801-100g) (P>0.05) were detected. In addition, the variation of net yield, as well as labor efficiency, had a particular impact in the company competitvity.
The best performance of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is achieved with the input state |N_T/2 + 1... more The best performance of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is achieved with the input state |N_T/2 + 1>|N_T/2-1 > + |N_T/2 - 1>|N_T/2+1>, being N_T the total number of atoms/photons. This gives: i) a phase-shift error confidence C_{68%}=2.67/N_T with ii) a single interferometric measurement. Different input quantum states can achieve the Heisenberg scaling ~ 1/N_T but with higher prefactors and at the price of a statistical analysis of two or more independent measurements.
An experiment was carried out to investigate the biology of Salmonella Pullorum in two varieties ... more An experiment was carried out to investigate the biology of Salmonella Pullorum in two varieties of laying hens, from 5 days of age up to 9 months. One variety was resistant to systemic salmonellosis (light layers producing white eggs) and the other was considered susceptible (brown layers producing brown eggs). The brown birds were more affected by the infection, showing signs of clinical disease in the first month of life. Later, these signs disappeared, but postmortem examination revealed persistent gross pathological changes in the liver, spleen, heart and ovary. The rapid agglutination test detected reactors throughout the experiment, with the strongest agglutination from 1 to 7 months post-infection. S . Pullorum was isolated from some of the organs and the eggs laid throughout the experiment. The relationship between white birds and S . Pullorum was less intense, and there were no noticeable signs of disease. There were few gross pathological changes, and the bacteria were isolated infrequently and only for a brief period after infection, although contaminated eggs were laid by these birds. The strongest serological response in the white chickens occurred between the second and the fifth month post-infection.
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