... Email: click here to access email. Homepage: http://linguistlist.org/aristar/. Degree Awarded... more ... Email: click here to access email. Homepage: http://linguistlist.org/aristar/. Degree Awarded: University of Texas at Austin , Department of Linguistics. Degree Date: 1984. Linguistic Subfield(s): Typology. Subject Language(s): Awngi. Director(s): Winfred Lehmann. ...
... Email: click here to access email. Homepage: http://linguistlist.org/aristar/. Degree Awarded... more ... Email: click here to access email. Homepage: http://linguistlist.org/aristar/. Degree Awarded: University of Texas at Austin , Department of Linguistics. Degree Date: 1984. Linguistic Subfield(s): Typology. Subject Language(s): Awngi. Director(s): Winfred Lehmann. ...
Silverstein (1976) showed that the grammatical cases take varying kinds of case-marking according... more Silverstein (1976) showed that the grammatical cases take varying kinds of case-marking according to the hierarchical value of the nominal being marked. This paper demonstrates that such hierarchical marking occurs in non-grammatical cases as well. Moreover, these cases typically take nominals of a specific hierarchical value as arguments. Analysis of the data according to classic marking theory reveals that departures from the typical pattern often take extra morphological marking. Since the new forms appear in atypical contexts, they are prone to being pragmatically reinterpreted. And the combination of marking and reinterpretation will produce new cases in the language.
Abstract- Ciilttrral ulgoi.ithnis. a form of evolutionai:i> prograniniing, employ a dual inher... more Abstract- Ciilttrral ulgoi.ithnis. a form of evolutionai:i> prograniniing, employ a dual inheritance niechanisni at population and knowledge levels to support probleni solving, reasoning. and knowledge extraction. Domain knowledge is extracted and separated)om individuals within a population and i.s placed in a belief space. Hierarchical structures employed in the beliefspace help to accelerate and guide population evolution. The structure ofthe Cultur.al Algorithm lends ifself w'ell to a data rich, bur knowledgr poor distributed environment. In this paper we investigate the use of Cultural Algorithnis to collect and mediate information collected)ant web searches and web services related tu the task of acquiring and preseiving knowledge about endangered languages where rhis knowledge is stored in a number of disparate sites.
Machine Translation (MT) systems are now in active use around the world. This paper investigates ... more Machine Translation (MT) systems are now in active use around the world. This paper investigates the applicability of current and foreseeable MT technology to translation between one or more of modern Western European languages and Arabic. After an introduction in which we briefly sketch the history and current status of MT and comment on the situation vis-a-vis Arabic translation, we present some general design constraints for state-of-the-art MT systems before proceeding to consider problems posed by the Arabic language in particular. We then outline some approaches to the solutions of such problems, and indicate what special constraints these place on an MT system's design. We next present an architecture for a system that could handle Arabic, and draw some conclusions regarding the prospects for near-term application of such a system. We will not in this paper survey the field of MT; several such treatments are available elsewhere (e.g., [Slocum, 1984]).
The purpose of this paper is to describe a modular framework for text mining that uses Canonical ... more The purpose of this paper is to describe a modular framework for text mining that uses Canonical Text Service (CTS) as a data source. By combining standardized functionalities with standardized access to text data, this framework intends to reduce the heterogeneity of workflows in today’s Digital Humanities and act as an important element of a text research infrastructure. For this work the implementation of the CTS protocol described in (Tiepmar, 2015) is used. It uses advanced functionalities that are not part of the specifications of CTS. This means that, while most current modules should work with different implementations of the CTS protocol, it cannot be guaranteed that any future module will work.
The 2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2003. CEC '03.
Abstract Cultural algorithms, a form of evolutionary programming, employ a dual inheritance mecha... more Abstract Cultural algorithms, a form of evolutionary programming, employ a dual inheritance mechanism at population and knowledge levels to support problem solving, reasoning and knowledge extraction. Domain knowledge is extracted and separated from individuals within a population and is placed in a belief space. Hierarchical structures employed in the belief space help to accelerate and guide population evolution. The structure of the cultural algorithm lends itself well to a data rich, but knowledge poor distributed environment. In ...
1. I n t r o d u c t i o n The field of computat ional linguistics possesses some remarkable lacu... more 1. I n t r o d u c t i o n The field of computat ional linguistics possesses some remarkable lacunae. A great deal of work has been devoted to the efficient, reasoned parsing of syntax; as a result all but a very few syntactic theories have been at least partially implemented in an a t t empt to arrive at this goal. Morphological analysis has conversely been deemphasized, in part because of the prevailing emphasis on syntax in linguistics, but mainly because the vast majori ty of work in natural language processing has been done by English-speakers on English, a language which has the interesting and relatively rare peculiarity of having very little morphology. In an analytic language like English, it is a perfectly feasible option -given the memory capacities and the power of modern computat ional machinery -simply to list all possible forms of a word, and allow the the machine to access these forms directly in the lexicon, as if they were ununalyzable. Even when morphological analysis is incorporated as part of an English system, only, u few rules are needed to handle almost all inflectional variants of an English word. Systems with a grand total of six rules -one to handle -s noun plurals, one to handle the third singular present suffix -s, one to handle -ing participials, one to handle the past tense -ed, one to handle the comparat ive -er, and one to handle the superlative -est -can account for all regular morphology in the language. The instant one goes beyond English, however, efficient morphological analysis becomes vitally important . In a language such as Russian, or even Spanish, the number of possible forms becomes so large that it is no longer reasonable to list them. They have to be analyzed from the surface form to a form which can be looked up in a lexicon, typically by means of rules which match partial word-pat terns against candidate strings, strip off affixes, and modify stems to conform to their canonical dictionary entries. It is not surprising that the more innovative recent proposals regarding morphological processing have come from speakers of languages other than English, most prominent ly the Finn Koskenniemi (1983), who uses parallel rules and mini-lexica tha t are in essence the continuation classes for each type of rule operation. Unfortunately, both pat tern marchers and orthodox versions of Koskenniemi's two-level system suffer from three major problems. First, they exhibit an extreme dichotomy between morphology and syntax. The morphological component exists only to provide data to the syntactic component, da ta which are used independently of the morphological component. Changes to the syntactic component are quite independent of changes to the morphology, and any alterations made in one have to be made laboriously in the other. Obviously, input from the morphological component must be acceptable to the syntax. In evolving systems with very large morphological rule bases, ensuring consistency between syntax and morphology becomes a real problem. If a system at one stage utilizes a feature such as '3sgm', for example, and then at a later stage splits this feature into two features, '3sg' and 'm', so that the syntax can access these two features separately, this change will have to be made painstakingly in every rule which referred to the older feature.
SUMMARYKuryiowicz (1964) argued that the dative is "genetically nothing else than an offshoo... more SUMMARYKuryiowicz (1964) argued that the dative is "genetically nothing else than an offshoot of the locative used with personal nouns". But his hypothesis remains speculative because it is based on similarities of form within IE, not upon historical or typological evidence. This paper offers support for Kurylowicz's hypothesis. Specifically, it suggests that there is a cross-linguistic pattern linking the dative with animacy of nominal referents and the locative with inanimacy. The link is reflected in (1) the complementary distribution of dative and locative on nominals of different animacy values and (2) a marking pattern whereby dative nominals take less morphological marking when referents are animate and locative nominals take less marking when referents are inanimate.RÉSUMÉSelon Kuryiowicz (1964) le datif 'n'dtait, génétiquement, qu'une excrois-sance du locatif utilisd avec des noms…
... Email: click here to access email. Homepage: http://linguistlist.org/aristar/. Degree Awarded... more ... Email: click here to access email. Homepage: http://linguistlist.org/aristar/. Degree Awarded: University of Texas at Austin , Department of Linguistics. Degree Date: 1984. Linguistic Subfield(s): Typology. Subject Language(s): Awngi. Director(s): Winfred Lehmann. ...
... Email: click here to access email. Homepage: http://linguistlist.org/aristar/. Degree Awarded... more ... Email: click here to access email. Homepage: http://linguistlist.org/aristar/. Degree Awarded: University of Texas at Austin , Department of Linguistics. Degree Date: 1984. Linguistic Subfield(s): Typology. Subject Language(s): Awngi. Director(s): Winfred Lehmann. ...
Silverstein (1976) showed that the grammatical cases take varying kinds of case-marking according... more Silverstein (1976) showed that the grammatical cases take varying kinds of case-marking according to the hierarchical value of the nominal being marked. This paper demonstrates that such hierarchical marking occurs in non-grammatical cases as well. Moreover, these cases typically take nominals of a specific hierarchical value as arguments. Analysis of the data according to classic marking theory reveals that departures from the typical pattern often take extra morphological marking. Since the new forms appear in atypical contexts, they are prone to being pragmatically reinterpreted. And the combination of marking and reinterpretation will produce new cases in the language.
Abstract- Ciilttrral ulgoi.ithnis. a form of evolutionai:i> prograniniing, employ a dual inher... more Abstract- Ciilttrral ulgoi.ithnis. a form of evolutionai:i> prograniniing, employ a dual inheritance niechanisni at population and knowledge levels to support probleni solving, reasoning. and knowledge extraction. Domain knowledge is extracted and separated)om individuals within a population and i.s placed in a belief space. Hierarchical structures employed in the beliefspace help to accelerate and guide population evolution. The structure ofthe Cultur.al Algorithm lends ifself w'ell to a data rich, bur knowledgr poor distributed environment. In this paper we investigate the use of Cultural Algorithnis to collect and mediate information collected)ant web searches and web services related tu the task of acquiring and preseiving knowledge about endangered languages where rhis knowledge is stored in a number of disparate sites.
Machine Translation (MT) systems are now in active use around the world. This paper investigates ... more Machine Translation (MT) systems are now in active use around the world. This paper investigates the applicability of current and foreseeable MT technology to translation between one or more of modern Western European languages and Arabic. After an introduction in which we briefly sketch the history and current status of MT and comment on the situation vis-a-vis Arabic translation, we present some general design constraints for state-of-the-art MT systems before proceeding to consider problems posed by the Arabic language in particular. We then outline some approaches to the solutions of such problems, and indicate what special constraints these place on an MT system's design. We next present an architecture for a system that could handle Arabic, and draw some conclusions regarding the prospects for near-term application of such a system. We will not in this paper survey the field of MT; several such treatments are available elsewhere (e.g., [Slocum, 1984]).
The purpose of this paper is to describe a modular framework for text mining that uses Canonical ... more The purpose of this paper is to describe a modular framework for text mining that uses Canonical Text Service (CTS) as a data source. By combining standardized functionalities with standardized access to text data, this framework intends to reduce the heterogeneity of workflows in today’s Digital Humanities and act as an important element of a text research infrastructure. For this work the implementation of the CTS protocol described in (Tiepmar, 2015) is used. It uses advanced functionalities that are not part of the specifications of CTS. This means that, while most current modules should work with different implementations of the CTS protocol, it cannot be guaranteed that any future module will work.
The 2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2003. CEC '03.
Abstract Cultural algorithms, a form of evolutionary programming, employ a dual inheritance mecha... more Abstract Cultural algorithms, a form of evolutionary programming, employ a dual inheritance mechanism at population and knowledge levels to support problem solving, reasoning and knowledge extraction. Domain knowledge is extracted and separated from individuals within a population and is placed in a belief space. Hierarchical structures employed in the belief space help to accelerate and guide population evolution. The structure of the cultural algorithm lends itself well to a data rich, but knowledge poor distributed environment. In ...
1. I n t r o d u c t i o n The field of computat ional linguistics possesses some remarkable lacu... more 1. I n t r o d u c t i o n The field of computat ional linguistics possesses some remarkable lacunae. A great deal of work has been devoted to the efficient, reasoned parsing of syntax; as a result all but a very few syntactic theories have been at least partially implemented in an a t t empt to arrive at this goal. Morphological analysis has conversely been deemphasized, in part because of the prevailing emphasis on syntax in linguistics, but mainly because the vast majori ty of work in natural language processing has been done by English-speakers on English, a language which has the interesting and relatively rare peculiarity of having very little morphology. In an analytic language like English, it is a perfectly feasible option -given the memory capacities and the power of modern computat ional machinery -simply to list all possible forms of a word, and allow the the machine to access these forms directly in the lexicon, as if they were ununalyzable. Even when morphological analysis is incorporated as part of an English system, only, u few rules are needed to handle almost all inflectional variants of an English word. Systems with a grand total of six rules -one to handle -s noun plurals, one to handle the third singular present suffix -s, one to handle -ing participials, one to handle the past tense -ed, one to handle the comparat ive -er, and one to handle the superlative -est -can account for all regular morphology in the language. The instant one goes beyond English, however, efficient morphological analysis becomes vitally important . In a language such as Russian, or even Spanish, the number of possible forms becomes so large that it is no longer reasonable to list them. They have to be analyzed from the surface form to a form which can be looked up in a lexicon, typically by means of rules which match partial word-pat terns against candidate strings, strip off affixes, and modify stems to conform to their canonical dictionary entries. It is not surprising that the more innovative recent proposals regarding morphological processing have come from speakers of languages other than English, most prominent ly the Finn Koskenniemi (1983), who uses parallel rules and mini-lexica tha t are in essence the continuation classes for each type of rule operation. Unfortunately, both pat tern marchers and orthodox versions of Koskenniemi's two-level system suffer from three major problems. First, they exhibit an extreme dichotomy between morphology and syntax. The morphological component exists only to provide data to the syntactic component, da ta which are used independently of the morphological component. Changes to the syntactic component are quite independent of changes to the morphology, and any alterations made in one have to be made laboriously in the other. Obviously, input from the morphological component must be acceptable to the syntax. In evolving systems with very large morphological rule bases, ensuring consistency between syntax and morphology becomes a real problem. If a system at one stage utilizes a feature such as '3sgm', for example, and then at a later stage splits this feature into two features, '3sg' and 'm', so that the syntax can access these two features separately, this change will have to be made painstakingly in every rule which referred to the older feature.
SUMMARYKuryiowicz (1964) argued that the dative is "genetically nothing else than an offshoo... more SUMMARYKuryiowicz (1964) argued that the dative is "genetically nothing else than an offshoot of the locative used with personal nouns". But his hypothesis remains speculative because it is based on similarities of form within IE, not upon historical or typological evidence. This paper offers support for Kurylowicz's hypothesis. Specifically, it suggests that there is a cross-linguistic pattern linking the dative with animacy of nominal referents and the locative with inanimacy. The link is reflected in (1) the complementary distribution of dative and locative on nominals of different animacy values and (2) a marking pattern whereby dative nominals take less morphological marking when referents are animate and locative nominals take less marking when referents are inanimate.RÉSUMÉSelon Kuryiowicz (1964) le datif 'n'dtait, génétiquement, qu'une excrois-sance du locatif utilisd avec des noms…
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