This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Carbamazepine, a commonly used antiepileptic drug, is one of the most common causes of cutaneous ... more Carbamazepine, a commonly used antiepileptic drug, is one of the most common causes of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) worldwide. The allele HLA-A*31:01 is reportedly associated with carbamazepine-induced cADRs in Japanese and European populations; however, the clinical utility of HLA-A*31:01 has not been evaluated. To assess the use of HLA-A*31:01 genetic screening to identify Japanese individuals at risk of carbamazepine-induced cADRs. This cohort study was conducted across 36 hospitals in Japan from January 2012 to November 2014 among 1202 patients who had been deemed suitable to start treatment with carbamazepine. Preemptive HLA-A*31:01 genetic screening was performed for 1187 participants. Patients who did not start treatment with carbamazepine or alternative drugs were excluded. Participants were interviewed once weekly for 8 weeks to monitor the development of cADRs. Data analysis was performed from June 8, 2015, to December 27, 2016. Neuropsychiatrists were asked to...
Psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) is an autoimmune disease of skin and joints with heterogeneity in epidem... more Psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) is an autoimmune disease of skin and joints with heterogeneity in epidemiologic and genetic landscapes of global populations. We conducted an initial genome-wide association study and a replication study of PsV in the Japanese population (606 PsV cases and 2,052 controls). We identified significant associations of the single nucleotide polymorphisms with PsV risk at TNFAIP3-interacting protein 1and the major histocompatibility complex region (P = 3.7 × 10 and 6.6 × 10, respectively). By updating the HLA imputation reference panel of Japanese (n = 908) to expand HLA gene coverage, we fine-mapped the HLA variants associated with PsV risk. Although we confirmed the PsV risk of HLA-C*06:02 (odds ratio = 6.36, P = 0.0015), its impact was relatively small compared with those in other populations due to rare allele frequency in Japanese (0.4% in controls). Alternatively, HLA-A*02:07, which corresponds to the cysteine residue at HLA-A amino acid position 99 (HLA-A C...
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, Jan 15, 2002
Recently, we found a region A (a hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4-binding site from nucleotides ... more Recently, we found a region A (a hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4-binding site from nucleotides -701 to -684) and a region B (an HNF-1-binding site from nucleotides -682 to -666) as cis-acting elements necessary for the transcriptional activation of the human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD)4 gene in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells, which express DD4 mRNA. Thus, to investigate the mechanism(s) responsible for the cell-type-specific expression of DD4 mRNA, we constructed a reporter plasmid, pDD4 Foot A+B: -95/+28, in which regions A and B were linked to the human DD4 minimal promoter (-95 to +28) fused to the luciferase gene. The luciferase activity was detectable in HepG2 cells but not in human renal adenocarcinoma ACHN cells transfected with the pDD4 Foot A+B: -95/+28, which do not express DD4 mRNA. A supershift assay using antibodies to HNF-4 alpha, -4 gamma, -1 alpha, or valiant HNF (vHNF)-1 revealed that HNF-4 alpha, -4 gamma, and -1 alpha recognized regions A and B in HepG2 cel...
Aim: This preliminary study investigated genomic biomarkers for Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) an... more Aim: This preliminary study investigated genomic biomarkers for Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), related to three antiepileptic drugs, zonisamide, phenobarbital and phenytoin. Patients & methods:HLA class I and HLA-DRB1 loci were genotyped for Japanese patients with zonisamide-, phenobarbital- or phenytoin-induced SJS/TEN (n = 12, 8 and 9, respectively) and for healthy Japanese volunteers (n = 2878). Results: Carrier frequencies of HLA-A*02:07 in patients with zonisamide-induced SJS/TEN and in the general Japanese population were 41.7 and 6.81%, respectively. Carrier frequencies of HLA-B*51:01 in patients with phenobarbital- and phenytoin-induced SJS/TEN and in controls were 75.0, 55.6 and 15.2%, respectively. HLA-A*02:07 and HLA-B*51:01, in a dominant model, were significantly associated with zonisamide- and phenobarbital-induced SJS/TEN, respectively (Pc = 0.0176 and 0.0042, respectively). Conclusion: Our data suggest that HLA-A*02:07 and HLA-B*...
Background: The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A subfamily plays an important role in the metabolism of v... more Background: The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A subfamily plays an important role in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous compounds. Among CYP3A subfamily members, CYP3A5 is polymorphically expressed and the CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A5*6 alleles are known not to express functional CYP3A5. Thus, these mutant alleles are thought to be responsible for interindividual variability of CYP3A activity. Methods: Subjects possessing CYP3A5*1/ *1, *1/ *3 or *3/ *3 received oral administration of diltiazem hydrochloride (60 mg), and plasma and urinary concentrations of diltiazem and its metabolite N-desmethyldiltiazem were measured. Before drug intake, cortisol metabolic clearance in each subject was measured to estimate in vivo CYP3A4 activity. Results: The mean values of total oral diltiazem clearance of subjects with *1/ *1, *1/ *3 and *3/ *3 were 183.4 F 39.4, 197.9 F 49.6 and 293.6 F 141.1 (l/h), respectively, and were not significantly different among the 3 genotype groups. The cortisol metabolic clearance was not significantly different among the three genotype groups, indicating that the CYP3A4 activity is not significantly different. Conclusion: The results suggest that CYP3A5*3 has only a minor effect on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of diltiazem. Although our results did not indicate significance of CYP3A5, the effects of CYP3A5*3 on the metabolism of other CYP3A substrates remain to be investigated.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and its severe form, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), are acute i... more Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and its severe form, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), are acute inflammatory vesiculobullous reactions of the skin and mucous membranes, including the ocular surface, oral cavity, and genitals. These reactions are very rare but are often associated with inciting drugs, infectious agents, or both. We sought to identify susceptibility loci for cold medicine-related SJS/TEN (CM-SJS/TEN) with severe mucosal involvement (SMI). A genome-wide association study was performed in 808 Japanese subjects (117 patients with CM-SJS/TEN with SMI and 691 healthy control subjects), and subsequent replication studies were performed in 204 other Japanese subjects (16 cases and 188 control subjects), 117 Korean subjects (27 cases and 90 control subjects), 76 Indian subjects (20 cases and 56 control subjects), and 174 Brazilian subjects (39 cases and 135 control subjects). In addition to the most significant susceptibility region, HLA-A, we identified IKZF1, which encodes Ikaros, as a novel susceptibility gene (meta-analysis, rs4917014 [G vs T]; odds ratio, 0.5; P = 8.5 × 10(-11)). Furthermore, quantitative ratios of the IKZF1 alternative splicing isoforms Ik1 and Ik2 were significantly associated with rs4917014 genotypes. We identified IKZF1 as a susceptibility gene for CM-SJS/TEN with SMI not only in Japanese subjects but also in Korean and Indian subjects and showed that the Ik2/Ik1 ratio might be influenced by IKZF1 single nucleotide polymorphisms, which were significantly associated with susceptibility to CM-SJS/TEN with SMI.
Abstract; The outline of application and doses of sulpiride (I) for stomaches and duodenal ulcers... more Abstract; The outline of application and doses of sulpiride (I) for stomaches and duodenal ulcers, integration incontinence, depression and depression condition, etc, was arranged. I pharmacological action was described from the dopamine D 2receptor blockade action. ...
Summary Gastrointestinal toxicity (GIT) is observed frequently during estramustine phosphate (EMP... more Summary Gastrointestinal toxicity (GIT) is observed frequently during estramustine phosphate (EMP) therapy in prostate cancer patients. This adverse effect often deteriorates the patientsÕ compliance and quality of life, which results in drug discontinuation. The ...
To evaluate the antiemetic effects of 5-HT (3) receptor antagonists, we investigated the relation... more To evaluate the antiemetic effects of 5-HT (3) receptor antagonists, we investigated the relationship between condition of food intake and occurrence of nausea and vomiting. We collected data such as sex, age, disease, combination of steroids and central antiemetic ...
It is well known that drug residue remains in a fluticasone propionate Diskhaler (FP-DH) followin... more It is well known that drug residue remains in a fluticasone propionate Diskhaler (FP-DH) following a single inhalation. Thus, the inspiratory ability of the patient has an influence on the effects of the drug. In a previous study, we reported that the amount of drug remaining in an FP-DH was decreased by tapping the device after the first inhalation. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the amount of drug delivered to the lungs and amount of drug released from the FP-DH by inhalation along with tapping using an in vitro model. We measured the amounts delivered to the throat, stage 1, and stage 2 of a twin impinger device by HPLC-UV, following inhalation and tapping of 100 m mg of FP-DH at various inspiratory flow rates, which ranged from 11.5 to 73.6 l/min for 2 s. A positive linear correlation between the amount of drug released from the FP-DH and that deposited in stage 2 was observed. Amounts deposited in stage 2 following tapping were estimated to be 6.0 m mg at an inspiratory flow rate of 20 l/min and 10.6 m mg at 60 l/min, while those without tapping were 2.0 m mg and 10.2 m mg, respectively. Notably, at an inspiratory flow rate of 20 l/min, the amount of drug deposited in stage 2 by tapping was increased about 3-fold in comparison to that without tapping. Our results indicate that the amount of drug deposited in stage 2, i.e., the lung in our model, is increased by tapping of the device, which would be particularly helpful for patients with a lower level of inspiratory ability.
Inhaled corticosteroids are widely used for treatment of asthma, though local adverse effects, su... more Inhaled corticosteroids are widely used for treatment of asthma, though local adverse effects, such as candidiasis and hoarseness, are often seen in patients treated with those drugs. Therefore, the Packaging Inserts enclosed with such medications recommend mouth washing after inhalation for prevention of local adverse effects. In spite of that recommendation, candidiasis has been reported by patients who washed their mouth after inhalation. 1) Therefore, we carried out a series of studies to investigate the influence of different methods of mouth washing on the removal rates of inhaled corticosteroids. More than 90% of the drug was recovered by washing mouth twice, when the mouth washing procedure was gargling and rinsing for 5 s each. 2) However, since no significant differences were observed among 3 methods tested in a previous study, we could not conclude which was most effective. On the other hand, a relationship was observed between the amount of drug residue removed by mouth washing and the number of times of mouth washing was employed in 2 phases. Based on those results, we speculated that drug residue remained in different amounts in easy and difficult to remove areas following mouth washing. In the present study, we investigated the differences in removal efficiency of drug residues from both easy and difficult to remove areas using 3 different methods of mouth washing; gargling and rinsing in combination, rinsing alone, and gargling alone, using a compartment model.
We established a network meeting system program and used it to review a prior pharmaceutical prac... more We established a network meeting system program and used it to review a prior pharmaceutical practice training session. Pharmacists at Tokai University Hachioji Hospital gave lectures about dispensing and other tasks performed by clinical pharmacists to third-year undergraduate students at Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences. After the lectures, discussions were held using the network meeting system, after which a questionnaire was completed by the students. The questionnaire was answered by 530 students, of whom approximately 90% expressed interest in the program, 80% noted approval of the media used in the system, and 94% thought that the program was useful. Thus, we concluded that the students were motivated by the program to remember what they had learned in the lectures. We also found that the quality of data communication had an effect on the interests and motivation of the students. Based on their evaluation of the media, it was considered that improvements in communication regarding the system were necessary, though the evaluation of the utility of the program was not influenced by the quality of data communication. As a result, we concluded that our network meeting system program was useful to review prior learning of pharmaceutical practice.
To obtain basic data on the introductory lecture on clinical trials in a School of Pharmacy, we c... more To obtain basic data on the introductory lecture on clinical trials in a School of Pharmacy, we carried out an attitude survey among master course students in the School of Pharmacy of our University. We distributed two types of questionnaire, one before and one after a lecture on the outline of clinical trials and the role of pharmacists in the performance of clinical trials. In the first questionnaire, 67% of respondents were interested in clinical trials, and 89% stated that they had obtained information on clinical trials from lectures at the University. On the other hand, over 92% thought that pharmacists should manage investigational drugs and provide information on those drugs for the rational conduct of clinical trials. Over 80% of respondents hoped that they would receive education on clinical trials in the third or fourth year of study, since that is when basic education ends and clinical education starts. After the first questionnaire and student attendance at an introductory lecture on clinical trials, second questionnaire was distributed. Based on the results of the second questionnaire, almost all of the students hoped to learn more about the actual conduct of clinical trials.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Carbamazepine, a commonly used antiepileptic drug, is one of the most common causes of cutaneous ... more Carbamazepine, a commonly used antiepileptic drug, is one of the most common causes of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) worldwide. The allele HLA-A*31:01 is reportedly associated with carbamazepine-induced cADRs in Japanese and European populations; however, the clinical utility of HLA-A*31:01 has not been evaluated. To assess the use of HLA-A*31:01 genetic screening to identify Japanese individuals at risk of carbamazepine-induced cADRs. This cohort study was conducted across 36 hospitals in Japan from January 2012 to November 2014 among 1202 patients who had been deemed suitable to start treatment with carbamazepine. Preemptive HLA-A*31:01 genetic screening was performed for 1187 participants. Patients who did not start treatment with carbamazepine or alternative drugs were excluded. Participants were interviewed once weekly for 8 weeks to monitor the development of cADRs. Data analysis was performed from June 8, 2015, to December 27, 2016. Neuropsychiatrists were asked to...
Psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) is an autoimmune disease of skin and joints with heterogeneity in epidem... more Psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) is an autoimmune disease of skin and joints with heterogeneity in epidemiologic and genetic landscapes of global populations. We conducted an initial genome-wide association study and a replication study of PsV in the Japanese population (606 PsV cases and 2,052 controls). We identified significant associations of the single nucleotide polymorphisms with PsV risk at TNFAIP3-interacting protein 1and the major histocompatibility complex region (P = 3.7 × 10 and 6.6 × 10, respectively). By updating the HLA imputation reference panel of Japanese (n = 908) to expand HLA gene coverage, we fine-mapped the HLA variants associated with PsV risk. Although we confirmed the PsV risk of HLA-C*06:02 (odds ratio = 6.36, P = 0.0015), its impact was relatively small compared with those in other populations due to rare allele frequency in Japanese (0.4% in controls). Alternatively, HLA-A*02:07, which corresponds to the cysteine residue at HLA-A amino acid position 99 (HLA-A C...
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, Jan 15, 2002
Recently, we found a region A (a hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4-binding site from nucleotides ... more Recently, we found a region A (a hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4-binding site from nucleotides -701 to -684) and a region B (an HNF-1-binding site from nucleotides -682 to -666) as cis-acting elements necessary for the transcriptional activation of the human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD)4 gene in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells, which express DD4 mRNA. Thus, to investigate the mechanism(s) responsible for the cell-type-specific expression of DD4 mRNA, we constructed a reporter plasmid, pDD4 Foot A+B: -95/+28, in which regions A and B were linked to the human DD4 minimal promoter (-95 to +28) fused to the luciferase gene. The luciferase activity was detectable in HepG2 cells but not in human renal adenocarcinoma ACHN cells transfected with the pDD4 Foot A+B: -95/+28, which do not express DD4 mRNA. A supershift assay using antibodies to HNF-4 alpha, -4 gamma, -1 alpha, or valiant HNF (vHNF)-1 revealed that HNF-4 alpha, -4 gamma, and -1 alpha recognized regions A and B in HepG2 cel...
Aim: This preliminary study investigated genomic biomarkers for Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) an... more Aim: This preliminary study investigated genomic biomarkers for Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), related to three antiepileptic drugs, zonisamide, phenobarbital and phenytoin. Patients & methods:HLA class I and HLA-DRB1 loci were genotyped for Japanese patients with zonisamide-, phenobarbital- or phenytoin-induced SJS/TEN (n = 12, 8 and 9, respectively) and for healthy Japanese volunteers (n = 2878). Results: Carrier frequencies of HLA-A*02:07 in patients with zonisamide-induced SJS/TEN and in the general Japanese population were 41.7 and 6.81%, respectively. Carrier frequencies of HLA-B*51:01 in patients with phenobarbital- and phenytoin-induced SJS/TEN and in controls were 75.0, 55.6 and 15.2%, respectively. HLA-A*02:07 and HLA-B*51:01, in a dominant model, were significantly associated with zonisamide- and phenobarbital-induced SJS/TEN, respectively (Pc = 0.0176 and 0.0042, respectively). Conclusion: Our data suggest that HLA-A*02:07 and HLA-B*...
Background: The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A subfamily plays an important role in the metabolism of v... more Background: The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A subfamily plays an important role in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous compounds. Among CYP3A subfamily members, CYP3A5 is polymorphically expressed and the CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A5*6 alleles are known not to express functional CYP3A5. Thus, these mutant alleles are thought to be responsible for interindividual variability of CYP3A activity. Methods: Subjects possessing CYP3A5*1/ *1, *1/ *3 or *3/ *3 received oral administration of diltiazem hydrochloride (60 mg), and plasma and urinary concentrations of diltiazem and its metabolite N-desmethyldiltiazem were measured. Before drug intake, cortisol metabolic clearance in each subject was measured to estimate in vivo CYP3A4 activity. Results: The mean values of total oral diltiazem clearance of subjects with *1/ *1, *1/ *3 and *3/ *3 were 183.4 F 39.4, 197.9 F 49.6 and 293.6 F 141.1 (l/h), respectively, and were not significantly different among the 3 genotype groups. The cortisol metabolic clearance was not significantly different among the three genotype groups, indicating that the CYP3A4 activity is not significantly different. Conclusion: The results suggest that CYP3A5*3 has only a minor effect on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of diltiazem. Although our results did not indicate significance of CYP3A5, the effects of CYP3A5*3 on the metabolism of other CYP3A substrates remain to be investigated.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and its severe form, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), are acute i... more Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and its severe form, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), are acute inflammatory vesiculobullous reactions of the skin and mucous membranes, including the ocular surface, oral cavity, and genitals. These reactions are very rare but are often associated with inciting drugs, infectious agents, or both. We sought to identify susceptibility loci for cold medicine-related SJS/TEN (CM-SJS/TEN) with severe mucosal involvement (SMI). A genome-wide association study was performed in 808 Japanese subjects (117 patients with CM-SJS/TEN with SMI and 691 healthy control subjects), and subsequent replication studies were performed in 204 other Japanese subjects (16 cases and 188 control subjects), 117 Korean subjects (27 cases and 90 control subjects), 76 Indian subjects (20 cases and 56 control subjects), and 174 Brazilian subjects (39 cases and 135 control subjects). In addition to the most significant susceptibility region, HLA-A, we identified IKZF1, which encodes Ikaros, as a novel susceptibility gene (meta-analysis, rs4917014 [G vs T]; odds ratio, 0.5; P = 8.5 × 10(-11)). Furthermore, quantitative ratios of the IKZF1 alternative splicing isoforms Ik1 and Ik2 were significantly associated with rs4917014 genotypes. We identified IKZF1 as a susceptibility gene for CM-SJS/TEN with SMI not only in Japanese subjects but also in Korean and Indian subjects and showed that the Ik2/Ik1 ratio might be influenced by IKZF1 single nucleotide polymorphisms, which were significantly associated with susceptibility to CM-SJS/TEN with SMI.
Abstract; The outline of application and doses of sulpiride (I) for stomaches and duodenal ulcers... more Abstract; The outline of application and doses of sulpiride (I) for stomaches and duodenal ulcers, integration incontinence, depression and depression condition, etc, was arranged. I pharmacological action was described from the dopamine D 2receptor blockade action. ...
Summary Gastrointestinal toxicity (GIT) is observed frequently during estramustine phosphate (EMP... more Summary Gastrointestinal toxicity (GIT) is observed frequently during estramustine phosphate (EMP) therapy in prostate cancer patients. This adverse effect often deteriorates the patientsÕ compliance and quality of life, which results in drug discontinuation. The ...
To evaluate the antiemetic effects of 5-HT (3) receptor antagonists, we investigated the relation... more To evaluate the antiemetic effects of 5-HT (3) receptor antagonists, we investigated the relationship between condition of food intake and occurrence of nausea and vomiting. We collected data such as sex, age, disease, combination of steroids and central antiemetic ...
It is well known that drug residue remains in a fluticasone propionate Diskhaler (FP-DH) followin... more It is well known that drug residue remains in a fluticasone propionate Diskhaler (FP-DH) following a single inhalation. Thus, the inspiratory ability of the patient has an influence on the effects of the drug. In a previous study, we reported that the amount of drug remaining in an FP-DH was decreased by tapping the device after the first inhalation. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the amount of drug delivered to the lungs and amount of drug released from the FP-DH by inhalation along with tapping using an in vitro model. We measured the amounts delivered to the throat, stage 1, and stage 2 of a twin impinger device by HPLC-UV, following inhalation and tapping of 100 m mg of FP-DH at various inspiratory flow rates, which ranged from 11.5 to 73.6 l/min for 2 s. A positive linear correlation between the amount of drug released from the FP-DH and that deposited in stage 2 was observed. Amounts deposited in stage 2 following tapping were estimated to be 6.0 m mg at an inspiratory flow rate of 20 l/min and 10.6 m mg at 60 l/min, while those without tapping were 2.0 m mg and 10.2 m mg, respectively. Notably, at an inspiratory flow rate of 20 l/min, the amount of drug deposited in stage 2 by tapping was increased about 3-fold in comparison to that without tapping. Our results indicate that the amount of drug deposited in stage 2, i.e., the lung in our model, is increased by tapping of the device, which would be particularly helpful for patients with a lower level of inspiratory ability.
Inhaled corticosteroids are widely used for treatment of asthma, though local adverse effects, su... more Inhaled corticosteroids are widely used for treatment of asthma, though local adverse effects, such as candidiasis and hoarseness, are often seen in patients treated with those drugs. Therefore, the Packaging Inserts enclosed with such medications recommend mouth washing after inhalation for prevention of local adverse effects. In spite of that recommendation, candidiasis has been reported by patients who washed their mouth after inhalation. 1) Therefore, we carried out a series of studies to investigate the influence of different methods of mouth washing on the removal rates of inhaled corticosteroids. More than 90% of the drug was recovered by washing mouth twice, when the mouth washing procedure was gargling and rinsing for 5 s each. 2) However, since no significant differences were observed among 3 methods tested in a previous study, we could not conclude which was most effective. On the other hand, a relationship was observed between the amount of drug residue removed by mouth washing and the number of times of mouth washing was employed in 2 phases. Based on those results, we speculated that drug residue remained in different amounts in easy and difficult to remove areas following mouth washing. In the present study, we investigated the differences in removal efficiency of drug residues from both easy and difficult to remove areas using 3 different methods of mouth washing; gargling and rinsing in combination, rinsing alone, and gargling alone, using a compartment model.
We established a network meeting system program and used it to review a prior pharmaceutical prac... more We established a network meeting system program and used it to review a prior pharmaceutical practice training session. Pharmacists at Tokai University Hachioji Hospital gave lectures about dispensing and other tasks performed by clinical pharmacists to third-year undergraduate students at Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences. After the lectures, discussions were held using the network meeting system, after which a questionnaire was completed by the students. The questionnaire was answered by 530 students, of whom approximately 90% expressed interest in the program, 80% noted approval of the media used in the system, and 94% thought that the program was useful. Thus, we concluded that the students were motivated by the program to remember what they had learned in the lectures. We also found that the quality of data communication had an effect on the interests and motivation of the students. Based on their evaluation of the media, it was considered that improvements in communication regarding the system were necessary, though the evaluation of the utility of the program was not influenced by the quality of data communication. As a result, we concluded that our network meeting system program was useful to review prior learning of pharmaceutical practice.
To obtain basic data on the introductory lecture on clinical trials in a School of Pharmacy, we c... more To obtain basic data on the introductory lecture on clinical trials in a School of Pharmacy, we carried out an attitude survey among master course students in the School of Pharmacy of our University. We distributed two types of questionnaire, one before and one after a lecture on the outline of clinical trials and the role of pharmacists in the performance of clinical trials. In the first questionnaire, 67% of respondents were interested in clinical trials, and 89% stated that they had obtained information on clinical trials from lectures at the University. On the other hand, over 92% thought that pharmacists should manage investigational drugs and provide information on those drugs for the rational conduct of clinical trials. Over 80% of respondents hoped that they would receive education on clinical trials in the third or fourth year of study, since that is when basic education ends and clinical education starts. After the first questionnaire and student attendance at an introductory lecture on clinical trials, second questionnaire was distributed. Based on the results of the second questionnaire, almost all of the students hoped to learn more about the actual conduct of clinical trials.
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Papers by Takeshi Ozeki