English For You and Me Cls 7 PDF

Afanasie Manic
Tatiana Musteața
Larisa Glavan
Timothy Schneider
Manualul a fost aprobat pentru reeditare prin ordinul Ministrului Educaţiei al Republicii Moldova
nr. 787 din 29 iulie 2015.
Manualul este elaborat conform curriculumului disciplinar şi finanţat din sursele Fondului Special pentru Manuale.
Acest manual este proprietatea Ministerului Educaţiei al Republicii Moldova.
Şcoala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manualul nr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Anul Numele Anul Aspectul manualului

de folosire şi prenumele elevului şcolar la primire la returnare
· Dirigintele clasei trebuie să controleze dacă numele elevului este scris corect.
· Elevul nu va face nici un fel de însemnări în manual.
· Aspectul manualului (la primire şi la returnare) se va aprecia: nou, bun, satisfăcător, nesatisfăcător.
Comisia de evaluare:
Cornelia Gîrlea, lector, Liceul Teoretic „Mircea Eliade”, Chișinău
Ecaterina Albu, profesoară, grad didactic superior, Liceul de Creativitate și Inventică „Prometeu-Prim”, Chișinău
Elena Bogoeva, profesoară, grad didactic superior, Liceul Teoretic „Petru Movilă”, Chișinău
Svetlana Lungu, profesoară, grad didactic superior, Liceul Teoretic „Mihai Eminescu”, Chișinău
Referent: Alexander Hollinger, doctor conferenţiar, România

Redactor: Timothy Schneider, MA in English, University of Kanzas, USA
Ilustraţii: Iulia Grădinar-Şcobari
Coperta: Sergiu Stanciu
Paginare computerizată: Adrian Grosu, Denis Grădinar
© Prut Internaţional, 2015

© Afanasie Manic, Tatiana Musteaţă, Larisa Glavan, Timothy Schneider, 2015
Editura se obligă să achite deţinătorilor de copyright, care încă nu au fost contactaţi, costurile de reproducere
a imaginilor folosite în prezenta ediţie.
Editura Prut Internaţional, str. Alba Iulia nr. 23, bl. 1A, Chişinău, MD 2051
Tel./fax: (+373 22) 74 93 18; tel.: (+373 22) 75 18 74; www.edituraprut.md; e-mail: editura@prut.ro
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E 57
Imprimat la Combinatul Poligrafic. Comanda nr. 50764
ISBN 978-9975-54-214-2
OVERVIEW OF CONTENTS
Topic Communicative area Vocabulary Grammar Page

Pronunciation Key
Lesson 1. Parts of the body (face, hair, Words referring to people’s The Possessive Case 6
Head and Face eyes, nose). appearance.
UNIT I. Appearance
Lesson 2. Parts of the body (legs and Words referring to people’s Nouns having only the 9
Feet and Legs feet). appearance. Action verbs. singular or only the plural
Lesson 3. Parts of the body (arms and Talking about people’s Simple Tenses Passive 11
Hand and Arm hands). appearance. (Revision). The Present
Progressive Passive
Lesson 4. Garments and fashion. Vocabulary on the topic. Noun Compounds 15
Clothing Noun Substitutes
Lesson 5. Footwear diversity. Specific vocabulary for the Reported speech – Simple 18
Footwear topic Footwear. Tenses
Round Up 1 22
Lesson 1. Family relations. Words denoting family Clauses of time and condition 24
Family relations. after conjunctions: if, when,
UNIT II. Family and friends
after, before, as soon as, till,

until, in case
Lesson 2. Observing family traditions. Word field: traditions and Reported Speech – Progressive 27
Family Traditions customs. Tenses
Lesson 3. Baked goods Recipes, ingredients. Reported Speech – Imperative 30
From the Oven sentences
Lesson 4. Laying a holiday table Word field: holiday table Reported Speech – Perfect 33
Holiday Table Tenses
Lesson 5. Friends and friendship. Vocabulary on the topic. 35
Friends
Round Up 2 38
Lesson 1. The geographical position and Word field: geographical Geographical names with or 40
The United political system of the United names. without “the”
UNIT III People and places
Kingdom Kingdom.
Lesson 2. Historical figures of Great Vocabulary on the topic. Polysemy 43
Historical Britain and Moldova.
Personalities
Lesson 3. Seaport cities. Vocabulary referring to Reported speech – General 46
Seaport Cities geographical names. Truth
Lesson 4. Types of houses. Words denoting types of Present Perfect Progressive 49
Housing houses.
Lesson 5. Rooms and furniture. Names of furniture and Past Perfect Progressive 52
Children’s Room fittings.
Round Up 3 54
3
OVERVIEW OF CONTENTS
Topic Communicative area Vocabulary Grammar Page
Lesson 1. Education in Moldova Words denoting school Words with figurative 56

Schooling education. meanings
Lesson 2. Describing an English Tips for improving English. Subjunctive Mood after “wish” 59
UNIT IV. School
English Classroom Classroom.

Lesson 3. Out-of-class activities. The Words describing an Subjunctive Mood after “if ” 62
English goals of the club. out-of-class activity.
Speaking-Club
Lesson 4. Talking about Cinema at Word field: cinema. What and Which 66
Education through School.
Film
Lesson 5. Speaking about love to Vocabulary referring to the “Do” as a substitute of the 69
Mother’s Day mother. Feelings. topic. main verb
Round Up 4 72
Lesson 1. Artisanship. Names of tools and artisanship The verbs “do” and “make” 74
Arts and Crafts articles.
Lesson 2. Occupations and professions. Names of jobs. either; either... or ...; neither; 77
Jobs neither... nor ... .
UNIT V. Outside of school
Lesson 3. Sports and games. Names of sports. Subjunctive Mood after verbs 80
Sports and Games The importance of sports. expressing suggestions, orders,
demands
Lesson 4. Caring about people with Vocabulary referring to people Homonyms, 84
Compassion and physical deficiencies. with physical and mental Homophones,
Empathy deficiencies. Homographs
Lesson 5. Nature. Flora and fauna vocabulary. Exclamations: 87
Flora and Fauna What ... ! How... !
Lesson 6. Travelling. Arranging a trip. Trip describing vocabulary. The meaning of “naturally” 91
Travelling depending on its place in the
sentence.
... and, what was worse ...
..., which annoyed ...
Round Up 5 94
Check your knowledge ........................................................................................................................................................................... 96
Supplement
a) Scripts........................................................................................................................................................................... 100
b) Back to Grammar ....................................................................................................................................................... 107
c) Improve your knowledge ........................................................................................................................................... 121
d) English Speaking Countries...................................................................................................................................... 125
e) Additional reading...................................................................................................................................................... 130
Irregular verbs........................................................................................................................................................................................ 132
Vocabulary ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 134
4
PRONUNCIATION KEY
CONSONANTS VOWELS
symbol key word other common spellings symbol key word other common spellings
p pat happen D nut come, flood
b big bubble L: farm palm, rather, draught, hearth
d duty played, addition O not wash, cough
t ten hotter, asked A: north haughty, abroad, force, paw,
k kettle cut, black, quite, scientific tall, court, door
g gloomy digger, ghost P big build, women, message, myth
dG just rage, graduate, soldier i: deep eat, ceiling, me, niece
tE chess future, catch, question M push look, could, woman
f fun biography, rough, half, coffee u: tooth movement, soup, brutal, glue,
v verb of drew, cruise
J thick I cat plaid, plait
C though e red weather, many, friend, said
s spoon psychologist, mass, scenery, B doctor writer, children, dollar
fasten, centre work, herb, turn, earl,
z zoo boys, exact, dizzy F: girl journey
E wash version, surely, champagne
G measure revision, regime
Q nice fly, right, rye, quite, pie
h hen whom
aM down ploughman, spouse
l lead small, nettle
N take plain, tray, rein, prey, steak,
m map tomb, palm, summer reign
n run beginner, knee, sign
R nose know, foe, boast, poultry
H sing link
AP toy noise
r room carry, wrong, rheumatic
j yes opinion, knew, unite eB their fair, there, hare
w warm what, quite PB near deer, mere, fierce
MB tourist surely, moor
QB liar
aMB power
APB destroyer
NB layer
BMB mower
5
Unit I LESSON 1 HEAD AND FACE
I Pronunciation
Read as quickly as you can:
I spy with my little eye
a fly on a pie
by a dry piece of bread.
I spy with my little eye
a guy in the sky
who might fall on his head.
II Conversational Formulas “Appearances are often deceiving.”
Which of the phrases below will you use in certain Aesop
situations when greeting someone?
– Hello, how are you? – I’m great. Thank you for asking.
– How’s life? – Not bad. And you?
– What’s new? – Not much.
– How are things going? – Things are going pretty well.
– How’ve you been? – I’ve been great!
– What have you been up to? – I’ve been busy with...
– How was your summer? – It was terrific. How about you?
III Discussion Points
1 How do we recognize people when we see them on the street?
2 What would happen if everyone looked the same?
3 What words would you use to describe the face of the girl in the picture. (see the top of the page)
4 Say how you understand the lesson quote.
IV Vocabulary
1 Read and pronounce the words and phrases. Use a dictionary to find their meaning.
eye – eyelash nose – flat hair – straight

eyebrow iris broad snub wavy bald
eyelid pupil long curly plaited (Br. E.)/braided (Am. E.)
to get a hair cut to have one’s hair styled to style one’s hair
2 Fill in the blanks, using the new vocabulary.
a) Sarah has large eyes with long ... e) I heard that Ionela has to use an iron to make her
b) Grandfather has thick ... and has to trim hair ...
them often. f) Uncle Tudor has lost his hair. He is completely ...
c) Mother and I have small noses. People say g) Most of my family has ..., thin noses that measure
they are ... 6cm or more.
d) You look great! Did you ... your ... ...? h) Tom is at the barber. He’s ... ... ... ...
3 Describe a classmate, using 6 words from the new vocabulary.
6
LESSON 1 HEAD AND FACE
V Reading
1 Read the text and say if the girl’s appearance in the picture corresponds
to the one described in the text.
A VISIT TO THE COUNTRY

Last summer noticing her big blue eyes with long, thick eyelashes
Sandu decided to and dark eyebrows. Most of all, he liked her long, wavy
spend his vacation hair that shone in the sun. She was the sort of person
at his cousin’s who who seemed to attract everybody, especially when she
lives in the North of smiled.
Moldova. It was at the His aunt’s house wasn’t far from the station, so
beginning of July when it didn’t take them long to get there. When they ap-
he left for the village of proached the house, his aunt greeted him. Sandu
Sofia. The weather was was happy to see her.
fantastic and the surroundings were full of greenery. He stayed at his aunt
The beauty of the countryside impressed him very Maria’s for two weeks.
much. When meeting his cousin Lucia at the railway He had a good oppor-
station, he was surprised by her change. It was two tunity to learn a lot of
years ago when he saw her last. Instead of a short, things about life on the
clumsy child, now there was a different person in front farm and make new
of him: a tall, graceful young girl. He couldn’t help friends.
2 Answer the questions about the text.
a) Where did Sandu decide to spend his holiday? d) Who met him at the station?
b) What was the weather like? e) How long did he stay there?
c) When did Sandu see his cousin last? f) Why was he surprised when he saw his cousin?
3 Find antonyms for the following words:
winter first die end dull empty
ugly thin short thin light behind
VI Grammar
Remember:
The Possessive Case
Analytical Possessive Case Synthetical Possessive Case
of ’s
1. The face of my granny is wrinkled. My granny’s face is wrinkled.
5. The forehead of my dad is high. My dad’s forehead is high.
6. The eyes of the girl dance and twinkle. The girl’s eyes dance and twinkle.
1 Look at the text and find sentences that use the Possessive Case.
7
Unit I LESSON 1 HEAD AND FACE
2 Change the APC sentences to SPC sentences.
a) The hair of my mother is wavy and beautiful. e) The eyebrows of my uncle are bushy.
b) The nose of my father is long. f) The nose of my friend is straight.
c) The eyes of the boy change colour with his moods. g) The hair of my brother looks wild and curly.
d) The eyelashes of my sister are thick. h) The face of the woman was intelligent and kind.
VII Writing
1 Write a short paragraph describing the eyes, nose and hair of two people in your family,
or of two friends.
2 Using the words from the lesson, write a description of two of the people shown
in the pictures below. (The network below will help you).
8
LESSON 2 FEET AND LEGS
I Pronunciation
Read as quickly as you can without
making mistakes.
Upon two feet But, where did he flee
the fleeting fighter fled. this two-footed fighter
as down the road he sped?
II Discussion Points “You have brains in your
1 In pairs, match the following idioms with their definitions, head. You have feet in
then make up some sentences that you can share with the your shoes. You can steer
rest of the class. Use the computer if necessary.
yourself in any direction
1. to bring someone to heel a) to know someone’s weakness you choose.”
2. to drag one’s feet b) to be alert Dr. Seuss
3. to cool one’s heels c) to make someone obey
4. to find someone’s Achille’s heel d) to calm down or pause before acting
5. to be on one’s toes e) to begin in the right way
6. to start off on the right foot f) to delay
2 As a class, share your thoughts about the lesson quote. What does it mean to you?
III Vocabulary
1 Read and pronounce the words and phrases.
Use a dictionary to find their meaning.
Nouns 1 shin 4 thigh 7 arch
2 knee 5 heel 8 ankle
3 sole 6 calf 9 toe
Verbs to kick to jog to tiptoe
to step to skip to scratch
to bruise to sprain
Adjectives crooked long-legged flat-footed
a) Mark has trouble walking for a long distance. He is ... f) Their little baby has 10 little ... and 10 little
b) Mom, did you notice that your big toe is bent and ... ? fingers.
c) The little girl was happily ... down the street. g) Eleanor ... her ankle while she was skating.
d) The rock in her shoe hurt the ... of her foot. h) Ow! I just bruised my ... on the corner of the
e) Tommy has to wear special shoes because he has a high ... desk.
IV Reading
1 Read the text and say if you would like a vacation like this.
MY ADVENTURES IN THE MOUNTAINS
As a special prize for getting high marks in school to stay in a hotel with lots of people, so we decided to
this year, my mum and dad decided to take me on a go camping. We also didn’t want to drive too far, so
holiday for a week in the mountains. They didn’t want we went to the Carpathians. I really had a great time,
9
Unit I LESSON 2 FEET AND LEGS
though hiking in the mountains was more difficult This time, Dad went with me, and while I was fine,
than I thought. he stepped on some wet plants, slipped, tore his pants
On the first day of the trip, I slipped on some and scratched his thigh. My dad is long-legged and
loose1 rocks and sprained my ankle. While limping2 tall, so it was difficult to get him down the mountain
back to camp, I fell and bruised my shin. I hadn’t been with his bad leg. He had to use me for support.
hiking for a while, so I also got blisters3 on my heels On our last night, it was so beautiful that I quietly
and somehow I cut the sole of my foot on a sharp rock left the tent and tiptoed away from the camp to look
while I was checking on my tired feet. Wow, did I sleep at the stars. I heard something in the dark. When it
well that night! touched my right shin, I kicked it and it ran away. I
On the second day, I told my parents that I had never found out what it was.
to climb the beautiful mountain peak that was nearby. Besides all of our cuts and bruises, we all agreed
1
loose [lu:s] adj. – nefixat that we had a great time. I can’t wait to go again next
2
to limp [lPmp] v. – a șchiopăta year.
3
blister ['blPstB] n. – bășică

a) Why did the boy’s parents take him on a camping c) How safe was the trip for the family? Why do you
trip? think so?
b) Why didn’t they want to stay in a hotel? d) Why did the boy leave his camp on the last night?
e) What do you think touched his leg?
3 Find synonyms for the following words:
award outing terrific close help to escape
lovely unordinary to go up hard top walking in the mountains
V Grammar
Remember:
Nouns having only the Singular Nouns having only the Plural
news, money, mathematics jeans, trousers,
information, advice, physics glasses, scissors,
dominoes, darts, football people, spectacles,
linguistics, billiards police, scales
1 Choose the right pronoun or verb form.
a) Gymnastics are/is a sport for people with strong legs. d) Billiards is/are played all over the world.
b) This/These jeans are/is very comfortable. e) Is/Are that/those the trousers you tore a hole in?
c) Is/Are that/those glasses yours? f) The scissors are/is on the table.
2 Make up sentences using the words in the grammar box.
VI Writing
1 Write a short paragraph describing your feet and legs. E.g. My legs are long and straight.
2 Abraham Lincoln said, “Put your feet in the right place, and stand firm.”
Write a paragraph with 50 words to explain his quote.
10
LESSON 3 HAND AND ARM
I Pronunciation “The final forming of a
person’s character lies in
Read as quickly as you can without his own hands.”
making mistakes.
Anne Frank
Felicia fries finger food.
She fries it up by hand.
Felicia fries finger food
And sells it in her stand.
II Discussion Points
1 In pairs, match the following idioms with their definitions, then
make up some sentences that you can discuss with the rest of the class.
1. to give a hand to someone a) to be very useful or nearby
2. to bite the hand that feeds you b) hardly able to buy necessities like food
3. to go hand in hand c) to applaud or help someone
4. to experience first hand d) to be very strict or severe with someone
5. to be handy e) do harm to someone who has been kind to you
6. to live hand to mouth f) to work well together or fit together
7. to be heavy handed g) to witness or experience something by yourself
2 Discuss what the lesson quote means to you.
3 How are human hands different from animals'? How do they help us do more things?
4 How can human hands help/hurt other people or animals?
5 Find equivalents in your mother tongue to the following idioms:
a) to elbow one’s way;
b) not to lift a finger.
III Vocabulary
Nouns 1 wrist 6 ring-finger

2 palm 7 little/pinkie finger
3 thumb 8 knuckles
4 index/fore-finger 9 fist
5 middle-finger
Verbs to wave to touch
to fold to hit / strike
to pat to caress / to pet
to embrace / to hug
Adjectives rough smooth
to hit – hit – hit

to strike – struck – struck (stricken)
11
Unit I LESSON 3 HAND AND ARM
a) If you want a nice dog, be sure to ... it everyday. f) If your left ... itches, you may get some money.
b) Sylvia must be married. She has a big ring on her ... ... g) Uncle Bob used to ... me on the head.
c) We use our ... finger to point to things. h) The cowboy’s hands were ... from hard work.
d) Ralph got angry and ... the wall with his ... i) Shall we ... at the President as he drives by?
e) Please don’t ... the paint; it’s still wet.
IV Reading
1 Read the text to learn how to spell ‘I love you’ in American Sign Language.
Imagine you couldn’t hear what people were saying fingers are folded down. ‘O’ is made by touching your
around you. This is what it means to be deaf. Deaf peo- four fingers to your thumb to make an ‘O’ – like shape.
ple have learned to talk by using their hands to make The letter ‘V’ is easy. You hold up your fore-finger and
individual letters or symbols for whole words and ide- your middle finger in the shape of a ‘V’ while your
as. Sometimes, a new word is made that doesn’t have a ring and pinkie fingers are folded under your thumb.
symbol or sign. Similarly, people’s names usually don’t It looks like a ‘peace’ sign. Finally, to make the ‘E’ we
have a sign. In these cases, deaf people spell (letter by
letter) the word they want to say, and they make these
letters with their hands and fingers.
Let’s try to explain how to spell ‘I love you’ using
American Sign Language or ASL. Most of the let-
ters in ASL are made by turning your palm toward
the person you are speaking to. Generally, if you are
right-handed, you would use your right hand to fin-
ger spell a word.
The first letter ‘I’ is made by folding your first three
fingers under your thumb, and letting your little finger
stick straight up.
The letter ‘L’ is formed by making an ‘L’ shape with
your index finger and your thumb. Your other three
12
LESSON 3 HAND AND ARM
bend all of our fingers at the knuckles and fold our now, and the last letter is ‘U’. To make a ‘U’ hold your
thumb underneath them. fore-finger and middle finger up straight. Do not sepa-
The letter ‘Y’ is also easy. Just fold your index, mid- rate them. Fold your ring finger and little finger under
dle and ring fingers while leaving the thumb and little your thumb.
finger up. You already know how to make an ‘O’ by Now you can spell ‘I love you’ in sign language.
2 Say whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).
a) People spell words with their hands when they can’t see.
b) Some words in sign language don’t have a sign.
c) We make the letter ‘V’ by folding all our fingers under our thumb.
d) People’s names usually don’t have a sign in sign language.
e) Most spelling is done in sign language with the palm facing the person you’re speaking to.
f) Deaf people have no way to communicate.
3 Unscramble the sentences from the text.

your / finger / ring / Fold / and / finger / under / little / thumb / your.
‘E’ / bend / the / all / make / fingers / knuckles / at / the / We / to / letter / the.
easy / letter / The / ‘V’ / is.
people / learned / have / Deaf / talk / their / using / to / hands.
V Grammar
Revision: PASSIVE VOICE
We use Passive Voice when we don’t know who does the action, or it is not important who does it.
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Present Simple (am / are / is + V3 / Ved)
I do my hair every day. My hair is done every day.
Past Simple (was / were + V3 / Ved)
He bruised his knees badly yesterday. His knees were badly bruised yesterday.
Future Simple (will / shall be + V3 / Ved)
She will dye her hair tomorrow. Her hair will be dyed tomorrow.
1 Look at the text and find sentences that use the Passive Voice.
2 Change the sentences below to the Passive Voice.

a) Last Sunday, the cat scratched Nick’s hands very c) We shall need all hands to help us finish the job.
badly. d) When did Peter cut his finger?
b) Mother usually hugs us when we come home from e) Christina didn’t pet the dog.
school. f) The girl touched the computer screen.
13
Unit I LESSON 3 HAND AND ARM
Remember:
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE
Active voice: to be + V. ing Passive Voice: to be + being + V3
The workers are building a new house now. A new house is being built now.
Are the workers building a new house now? Is a new house being built now?
Mom is cooking dinner now. Dinner is being cooked now.
Mom is not cooking pies now. Pies are not being cooked now.
3 Using the phrases below, say what is being done now.

a) So much class work (to do) – at the lesson
b) Different games (to play) – in the school yard
c) So many goods (to buy/sell) – in the shop
d) Fruits and vegetables (to gather) – in the garden
4 Change into passive.

a) The hairdresser is styling Ann’s hair. d) Meg is polishing her nails.
b) Mum is bathing the baby. e) Is the child embracing his mother?
c) Paul is washing his hands. f) Frank is not pushing his bike.
VI Writing
1 Do exercise 4 from Grammar in writing.
2 Give the ”-ing” form of the verbs in writing.
a) to wave – f) to pat –
b) to fold – f) to touch –
c) to embrace – f) to caress –
d) to hug – f) to pet –
e) to hit – f) to hand –
f) to strike – f) to shake –
3 What does your mother do with her hands? Write a paragraph of 50 words. Use the
vocabulary to help.
VII Additional Information

Believe It or Not
– The Paraya Indians of the Amazon Valley can speak without moving their lips. Sounds are formed with the help
of the tongue and go through the nose instead of the mouth.
– The men and women of this tribe speak two different dialects and understand each other with a great difficulty.
14
LESSON 4 CLOTHING
I Pronunciation
Read as quickly as you can without making mistakes.
Ten tiny tailors tailored ten tiny trim coats.

They tailored all night through.
Then they trimmed the trim of the trim coats.
What more could tiny tailors do?
“The tailor makes the man.”
1 As a class, discuss the proverb at the start of the lesson.
Proverb
2 Debate if a dress code should be required in schools.
3 In pairs, ask your classmate to describe in English what s/he is wearing. Be sure to include colour,
name of the clothing and the style.
III Vocabulary
Nouns tunic blazer tank top
sweater sweat shirt outfit
Verbs to dress to change one’s clothes to wear

to accessorize to put on
Adjectives slim loose hooded
tight buttoned baggy
to wear – wore – worn sewing machine
Sally and Tom were getting ready for their first day back at school. Sally ... a dark blue skirt with a white blouse
and a great looking ... over it. Tom wanted to be different. He wore ... jeans and a ... because it was hot outside.
Their mother wasn’t happy about what Tom had ... and she made him ... his clothes. He came back downstairs
with a nice ... shirt and some trousers that made him look dressed up. Mother told Sally that she could ... with a
nice necklace and some earrings. Sally ... the earrings ... and looked at herself in the mirror.
IV Reading
1 Read and entitle the text.
Pupils generally want to dress nicely and change plenty of shops with splendid clothes for pupils of all
outfits as much as possible during the week. They also sizes and shapes.
prefer to have clothes that are new and up-to-date. As Choosing the right clothing can sometimes be
a rule, most pupils prefer to wear ready-made clothes, difficult, especially for teens. The main thing is to
or clothes that they buy from a store. Nowadays, it is look for something comfortable and stylish. Every
not a problem to find the right garment when there are week, stores come out with many new clothes and
15
Unit I LESSON 4 CLOTHING
accessories. Also, every season, clothing designers present the latest
fashion for teens all over the world. What is it that makes fashion so
important to teenagers? Well, the young enjoy wearing nice clothes
and looking good as much as their parents do. For this, for example,
tunics, sweaters, shorts, jeans, pants, skirts, well-fitted buttoned
shirts with stylish blazers that come in lots of different styles are often
offered.
Today’s teens have a greater choice of clothes than ever. Hooded
sweat-shirts, tight or loose jeans and skateboard shorts are also some
of the styles for modern teens.
Elegant and beautifully tailored garments for all seasons are
in great demand these days. Young people in particular, love to
experiment and play with fashion to express their personalities and
their viewpoints.
2 Match the picture with the correct word.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)
a) tunic; b) baggy jeans; c) blazers; d) hooded sweatshirt; e) skateboard shorts; f) sweater
3 Find synonyms for the following words from the text.

a) outfit b) correct-sized c) correct d) to search e) try f) perspectives
g) adolescents h) fashionable i) be fond of j) superb k) to show

1. What is most important about clothes for teenagers? 4. What do the young enjoy?
2. Why is it easy to find the right garment? 5. What are some examples of the fashion worn by
3. What do teenagers want to express from their teens nowadays?
fashion?
V Listening
1 Listen to the text Mr. Rochester’s Visitors and answer the questions:
1. Where and when did the events happen? 5. What are Amy and Louisa compared with?
2. When were the guests expected to arrive? 6. Which person was a large, stout woman?
3. What were Mrs. Fairfax’s duties? 7. Who were the tallest people in the group?
4. How many people were there in the hall?
16
LESSON 4 CLOTHING
2 Work in pairs to put the sentences from the text in the proper order.
1. Blanche and Mary were of equal stature. 4. There were only eight people.
2. Mrs. Colonel Dent was less showy. 5. It was a mild, quiet spring day.
3. Lady Ingram was between 40 and 50. 6. Thursday afternoon arrived.
VI Grammar
Remember:
Noun Compounds
A noun compound is formed of two or more words. It functions as a single part of speech.
Examples: fur coat, raincoat, nightdress, kid-gloves, handkerchief, handbag, sweat-pants, sunglasses,
summertime, looking-glass, hairbrush, dress code, hair-dryer, hair-pin, hair-style, bathrobe.
1 Insert the right word:
dressing-table, bedroom, nightdress, silk dress, looking-glass, handbag, fur coat, hair brush
1. In the North, people wear ... in winter.
2. The ... in my parents ... has four drawers and a big mirror.
3. She put on her ... before going to bed.
4. My mum always has a ... and a ... in her ...
5. My cousin looked great in her new ...
2 Find other compound nouns in the text.
Remember:
Noun Substitutes
• One and ones are used in place of countable nouns.
Examples: I don’t like this blue handbag. I like the pink one.
I have bought new sunglasses, the most fashionable ones.
• We don’t use one in place of an uncountable noun. In this case we repeat the noun or
use no noun at all.
Examples: Don’t use that butter. Use this fresh butter.
Don’t add that milk. Add this fresh.
3 Pair work. Imagine you are in a ready-made clothes department. Hold a conversation using noun
substitutes.
VII Writing
1 Write a paragraph of 50 words to describe what one of your colleagues is wearing.
2 Answer question 2 from Discussion Points in writing. Give three reasons why students should or
should not wear a uniform to school.
17
Unit I LESSON 5 FOOTWEAR
I Pronunciation
Read as quickly as you can without making mistakes.
The shoe maker’s shop is shut today,
Oh, what shall I do with my shoes?
The shoe maker’s shop is shut I say,
And there are holes in my shoes.
The holes in my shoes may stop my play, “Don’t throw away your old shoes
Oh, what shall I do with my shoes? till you have new ones.”
II Discussion Points Proverb
1 Why do we wear shoes? 3 Do our shoes tell others about us? Explain.
2 Why are some shoes formal and some informal? 4 How important are clean, shiny shoes to
you? Why?
III Vocabulary
Nouns walking shoes leather shoes fur lined boots
gymshoes rubbers
patent leather high
heeled shoes
Verbs to fit to be in fashion to be too tight
and Phrases
Adjectives stylish casual

2 Explain what the following words mean:
sandals model to present
style season to participate low heeled shoes
to prefer start to visit
success to consider
event to arrange
trainers (Br. E.)/sneakers (Am. E.)
3 Match the words with their definitions:
1. fur lined boots a) things that one usually wears at home or on
vacation
2. patent leather b) waterproof boots made of rubber Wellington boots (Br. E.) /
rubber boots (Am. E.)
3. leather c) the raised part of the shoe underneath the
back of the foot
4. trainers d) to be of the right size or shape; to be suitable
5. tight e) fixed so closely to one’s feet that one can’t
easily move.
6. to fit f) special shoes for running
7. rubbers g) shoes, boots, sandals
8. heel h) things that are made to be sold high boots
18
LESSON 5 FOOTWEAR
9. casual i) treated animal skin used for making shoes, bags’, and clothes
10. footwear j) leather with a special shiny surface
11. goods k) boots with inner part covered with fur
IV Listening
1 Listen to the dialogue and fill in the blanks.
Mrs. Ciobanu: Good ... !
Shop Assistant: Hello. How ... I help you?
Mrs. Ciobanu: I ... to get a new pair of shoes.
Shop Assistant: Certainly. What kind of shoes ... you prefer, madam?
Mrs. Ciobanu: I’m looking for a pair of low-heeled ... shoes for work. I have rather small feet.
Shop Assistant: I see. Here is a pair that ... be your size. Try them on.
Mrs. Ciobanu: These are a little tight. ... you show me another pair, a size bigger?
Shop Assistant: Here you are. ... these do?
Mrs. Ciobanu: This pair is much better. I’ll take them. How much are they?
Shop Assistant: Come this way, and I’ll get that information for you.
2 Make your own dialogues about buying shoes. In pairs, perform your dialogues for the class.
Listen for the words your colleagues use in their dialogues. What do you notice?
V Reading
1 Read the text At the Footwear Exhibition and list in your copybooks the different kinds of shoes that
are discussed.
The first international footwear exhibition started of fairy-tale animals attracted the visitors’ attention in
on the right foot the other day. This exciting event in particular.
Chisinau was fun, stylish and very interesting. Besides The event was well attended, and many who
our country’s participation, several European coun- came said that they enjoyed seeing the latest styles,
tries were also present, bringing their own fashion and appreciated the products from different parts of
footwear. The exhibition presented a very large assort- Europe. You’ll want to make sure to be there next year
ment of boots, slippers, socks, and beautiful shoes; to see what the new styles will be.
everything for well-dressed feet.
A big number of both casual and formal footwear
was on display. For example, Italy offered its latest
fashion models such as high-heeled shoes, low and
high-heeled boots for women, and fur lined boots for
men. Romania had a big showing with a fun display
of summer footwear from expensive leather sandals to
light beach shoes.
Moldova also had a successful presentation of
children’s footwear made by local manufacturers
Zorile and Tighina. The warm slippers in the shape
19
Unit I LESSON 5 FOOTWEAR
2 Find synonyms in the text for the following words:
a) sensational b) fancy c) house shoes d) guests e) selection
f) the most recent g) tall h) attractive i) informal j) display
3 Answer the questions.
1. What happened in Chisinau recently? 4. What did Moldova display?
2. What countries took part in the exhibition? 5. Who visited the exhibition?
3. What footwear did they exhibit? 6. What kinds of products did Italy offer?
4 Work in pairs. Find in the text antonyms for the following words:
last – cold – left –

cheap – first – failure –
nothing – small – to dislike –
national – winter – high –
boring – heavy – similar –
VI Grammar
Remember:
REPORTED SPEECH  SIMPLE TENSES
COMPARE
1. Radu says, “Mum seldom visits exhibitions.” 1. Radu said, “Mum seldom visits exhibitions.”
1. Radu says his mum seldom visits exhibitions. 1. Radu said his mum seldom visited exhibitions.
2. Peter says, “An exciting event took place in 2. Peter said, “An exciting event took place in
Chişinău last week.” Chişinău last week.”
2. Peter says (that) an exciting event took place in 2. Peter said (that) an exciting event had taken
Chişinău last week. place in Chişinău the previous week.
3. Nick says, “My father will buy me a new pair of 3. Nick said, “My father will buy me a new pair of
fur-lined boots in a week.” fur-lined boots in a week.”
3. Nick says (that) his father will buy him a new pair 3. Nick said (that) his father would buy him a new
of fur-lined boots in a week. pair of fur-lined boots a week later.
Mind the word order changes in reported questions:
4. Dan says, “Where did you buy your shoes?” 4. Dan said, “Where did you buy your shoes?”
wanted to know
4. Dan asks me where I bought my shoes. 4. Dan asked me where I had bought my shoes.
wondered was interested
20
LESSON 5 FOOTWEAR
Remember the following changes when transforming direct speech into indirect
with author’s words in the Past.
this that
these those
here there
now then
ago/back before
yesterday the day before
today that day
tomorrow the next day
next day the next day; the following day
in 3 days 3 days later
last the previous
Present Simple Past Simple
Past Simple Past Perfect
shall should
Future Simple Future-in-the-Past
will would
1 Transform the direct speech into indirect:

a) Nick said, “Unfortunately, I didn’t try the shoes on before buying them.”
b) Pete said to Nick, “What did you do at the shoemaker’s two days ago?”
c) Ann said, “I don’t like these sandals.”
d) Dan said, “I will not put on my old gymshoes.”
e) Nadia said, “I wore high-heeled shoes at the party.”
f) Mum said, “Will you go shopping tomorrow?”
g) Jim said, “I’ll repair my boots tomorrow.”
h) Tom said, “My father will visit the footwear exhibition in two days.”
i) Maria said to her friend, “I usually wear low-heeled shoes.”
j) Radu said to the shop assistant, “These shoes are not comfortable, they are too tight.”
k) Lucy said, “These leather shoes are in fashion now.”
l) Nelly said, “My father doesn’t buy boots every year.”
n) She said, “What footwear does this shop sell?”
VII Writing
1 Choose a sentence from the text, write it down in your copybook and then write as many questions
as you can to that sentence.
2 Write a paragraph of 50 words to say whether high-heeled shoes are necessary in our lives.
Explain why you feel that way.
21
Unit I ROUND UP 1
I Let's Talk
1 Say what new things you have learned from the previous lessons while discussing the topic
Appearances.
2 Give synonyms for:
– turned up nose; – fair hair;
– Grecian nose; – stout man.
3 Say if you like shopping. Why yes/no?
4 Describe one of your visits to a clothes department.
5 Explain in your own words the quotation:

“No man could tell what he would do if he were in the shoes of another man”
(J. Galsworthy)
II Let's Read and Talk

1 Read the extract for comprehension.
“Mama said that Moris Gough was a typical young big hat. We gave him a bad time, I’m afraid. He lost his
Englishman, so nice and with such good manners; but hat and got his shirt all dirty the first day he went out
how we laughed – at least Bob and I did – when he with us: had a bad fall when his horse suddenly stopped
came out the next day to go riding in the bush dressed before a pit2 full of water. Moris fell right into it.”
in narrow pants1, long polished boots, a silk shirt and a (After Katharine Susannah Prichard)
1
pants [pInts] n. – pantaloni
2
pit [pPt] n. – groapă
2 Describe what Moris looked like and how he was dressed.
3 Speak about Moris’ adventures in the bush.
4 Say who laughed at Moris and why they did so.
5 Retell the extract.
III Grammar
1 Find the possessive case and determine the plurals and singulars of the nouns below.
a) Where are my brother’s glasses? f) Parents always give good advice to their children.
b) Have you heard the news? It’s very interesting. g) Tomorrow Radu will buy himself a new pair of
c) That information was very useful. spectacles.
d) Everybody spoke about my friend’s progress h) Angela’s clothes are always tidy.
in English. i) – Where’s your money?
e) Sandu wants to know who the author of this – It’s in my pocket/purse.
book is. j) What’s the colour of your mother’s hair?
22
ROUND UP 1
2 a) Point to the noun compound and one/ones as a noun substitute.
1. – Which of the raincoats in the picture do you like best?
– The blue one.
2. The jeans I like most are the ones my mother bought in Italy.
Say which nouns from the sentences were substituted by one/ones.
b) Make up similar examples.
3 Fill in the blanks with the prepositions with, from, to, of, for, at, on.
a) His face is familiar ... me.
b) Marcel bought a tube of tooth-paste ... 10 lei.
c) I’m not familiar ... the hygiene rules.
d) There’s no remedy ... some diseases.
e) Never laugh ... ugly people.
f) They soon recovered ... sickness.
g) John got angry ... his father who refused to buy him new sneakers.
h) It depends much ... the correct doctor’s decisions when treating an infectious disease.
i) I compared Monica’s appearance ... her mother’s.
4 Open the brackets using the verb in the proper tense and voice:
a) You (to visit) this footwear shop before? We usually (to buy) slippers, shoes, boots and high boots here.
b) My friend Stela told me (that) she (to clean) her teeth in the morning.
c) The personal hygiene things like combs, tooth-paste and soap (to sell) at a low price.
d) When Bill rang me up I (to wash) my hair in the bathroom.
e) Different stylish sandals (to exhibit) at our shop now.
5 Think of suitable adjectives to insert in the sentences below:
a) I admire people who are ... and ... .
b) I don’t like people who are ... and ... .
c) I think people who are ... and ... are often ... .
d) I would like to be ... and ... .
e) I am certainly not ... or ... .
6 Rewrite the sentences using reported speech.

a) He said, “I hurt my arm yesterday.”
b) Mum asked, “How did you twist your ankle?”
c) She said, “Does Amy dye her hair?”
d) Pete said, “My arms are so long that I can’t find shirts to fit me.”
e) He said, “Ann broke her wrist in an accident.”
f) The boy says to his father, “When shall we go to the footwear exhibition?”
g) Lily said, “I am sorry, I will not join you at the party.”
h) She said, “The dress I bought yesterday is too loose.”
i) Linda said, “What did you like at the fashion show last week?”
j) Greg said, “Why didn’t you come to the meeting on Sunday?”
23
Unit II LESSON 1 FAMILY
I Pronunciation
A mother and father called Leather
Had children as light as a feather.
When the weather was rough [rDf]
They weren’t heavy enough,
So they had to be tethered1 together.
1
to tether ['teCB] v. – a priponi, a lega
II Conversational Formulas
“The family is one of nature’s masterpieces.”
Which of the phrases below will you use in certain
situations when asking permission: George Santayana
– Could I ...? – Would it be possible ...?

– I’d like to ... if that’s all right. – Is there any objection ...?
– Do you mind if ...? – Any chance of ...?
– May I (please) ...? – With your permission, can I ...?
– Is it all right if I ...?
1 Explain the proverb "Like mother like daughter (Like father like son)."
2 Debate on the questions below:
a) Do mothers or fathers have more influence upon children?
b) Are mothers or fathers more worried about daughters?
3 Imagine your parents are far away. Say how you will face difficulties.
4 Comment on the quotation of the lesson. Say how you understand it.
IV Vocabulary
Nouns mother/daughter/sister-in-law blood relatives

step-mother/brother widow / widower
close relations/relatives twins
distant relatives/relations spouse
Verbs and to grieve to watch over/to care for

Verb Phrases to treat to be neighbourly/to be friendly
2 In pairs, match the words with their definitions:
1. spouse a) two children born at one birth
2. widow b) a mother of one's husband or wife
3. widower c) to feel very sad about something
4. twins d) a man whose wife has died
5. mother-in-law e) to feel affection for somebody
24
LESSON 1 FAMILY
6. to grieve f) a husband or a wife
7. close relative g) a woman whose husband has died
8. to care for h) a person connected by blood
3 Fill in the blanks:

The son of my brother is my ... . The daughter of my sister is my ... .
My brother’s mother is my ... . My mother’s sister-in-law is my father’s ... .
Your grandfather’s son is your ... . My cousin’s mother is my ... .
Your father’s new wife is your ... . His mother’s second husband is his ... .
Her aunt’s children are her ... . Your sister’s husband is your ... .
V Reading
1 Read and say what you think of the family in the text.
MARGARET’S LETTER
My dearest mother! We can't tell you how
happy your last letter made us feel. We were so
happy to hear that Aunt Sally is feeling so much
better, and that she will be back to helping
Granddad as she used to do.
All my sisters are as good as gold. Jo helps me
with the sewing, and insists on doing all sorts of
hard jobs around the house. Beth is as regular
about her tasks as a clock, and never forgets
what you told her about being good. She is sad
that you and father are both away, and is very
serious when she plays the piano. Amy minds
nicely, and I take good care of her. She does her He and Jo keep us laughing, for we get sad sometimes with
own hair, and I am teaching her to accessorize you so far away.
her clothes. She tries very hard and I think you We are all well and busy. But we miss you and want you to
will be pleased with her improvement when you come home as soon as possible. Please, give my love to father.
come home. Our cousin Laurie watches over us Ever your own, Meg.
like a motherly old hen, and is very kind to us. (“Little Women” by L. M. Alcott)
2 Find in the text antonyms for the following words:

first – rude – glad – young – 4 Answer the questions:
bad – to remember – cry – free – a) Why are the sisters alone?
3
b) What does Jo do to help Margaret?
Say what is meant by the following:
c) What can you say about Beth and Amy?
– ... as good as gold;
d) Who keeps the girls merry?
– ... is as regular about her tasks as a clock;
e) Why do the girls feel like orphans?
– ... watches over us like a motherly old hen;
5 Read the text again and summarize it.
25
Unit II LESSON 1 FAMILY
VI Grammar
REMEMBER
Use Present Simple after conjunctions: if, as soon as, when, till, until, after, before, in case, in clauses of
time and condition referring to the future.
E. g.: If I come on time, mum won’t scold me. As soon as father buys a new car, we’ll all go on a trip.
1 Open the brackets:
1. When I (to finish) school, I’ll go to my grandparents in the countryside.
2. Uncle Tudor will not visit his relatives in Romania until he (to gather) the crops.
3. Your elder brother Costel will certainly help you if you (to ask) him.
4. After you (to study) your family tree, you (to find out) where you descend from.
5. In case a child (to become) an orphan, a family (to adopt) him or her.
6. I hope my cousin (to reach) the station before the train (to arrive).
2 Make up sentences with as soon as, if, when, till, until, after, before, in case using:
godmother step-parents parents-in-law
godparents fore parents brother (sister) – in-law
VII Writing
1 Do exercise 2 (VI) in writing.
2 Draw and label your own family tree.
3 Write a summary of the text in 50 words.
VIII Listening
1 Listen to the story and answer the questions below:
1. What is the mystery? 4. What does “black Irish” mean?

2. Who thinks he solved the mystery? 5. Who had hair like Tim and Tom?
3. What is a “ginger”?
2 Say whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1. Tim and Tom’s family are all redheads. 4. Tim and Tom have their mother’s dimples.
2. Tim and Tom have their father’s eyes. 5. Aunt Lizzie found an old photo.
3. The family jokes that Tim and Tom were kissed by a 6. The family knows for sure that Aunt Lizzie was a
leprechaun. ginger.
3 Listen to the text again and answer the questions.
1. How many colours do you hear named? What are they?
2. What adjectives to describe hair do you hear?
3. What words to describe family do you hear? List them.
4. Does Tim have any brothers? Explain your answer.
5. What is a sign of beauty in Ireland?
26
LESSON 2 FAMILY TRADITIONS
I Pronunciation “Many countries,
many customs.”
Smile a while, and while you smile, (Proverb)
others’ll smile, and then there’ll be miles of smiles.
Use the phrases below in microdialogues when
congratulating:
– My warmest congratulations.
– Let me congratulate you on ...
– I’d like to congratulate you. – Happy birthday!
– Congratulations! – Happy anniversary!
– Have a happy anniversary!
– Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
1 Brainstorm words related to the lesson topic.
2 As a class, discuss the following:
a) the typical traditions observed in Moldova.
b) how traditions in Moldova are similar or different to those in Great Britain.
3 Say how you understand the lesson proverb.
IV Vocabulary
Nouns and engagement bride bridesmaid honey moon
Noun Phrases fiancé/fiancée bride-groom the best man marriage
wedding god parent(s)/son wedding reception
Adjectives festive merry enjoyable
Verbs and to bless to keep (up the) tradition to celebrate/to mark
Phrases to pray to God to baptize / to christen
2 Work as a class. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word from the new vocabulary.
a) Anne and Mihai’s ... was announced to everybody.
b) Diana’s ... to Radu was welcomed by her family.
c) There were some famous people at their ... .
d) The ... was dressed in white while the ... in black and white.
e) After the wedding reception, the newly married couple spent their ... at the seaside.
3 Work in pairs. Match the words with their definitions:
1. ceremony a) full of colour and happiness (about holidays)
2. enjoyable b) something that gives one pleasure
3. bridesmaid c) a formal event such as a wedding
4. distraction/entertainment d) the man one is engaged to
5. fiancée e) a girl who helps and accompanies a bride on her wedding day
6. to baptize f) a woman engaged to be married
27
Unit II LESSON 2 FAMILY TRADITIONS
7. festive g) activity that is intended to entertain people
8. fiancé h) to immerse (a cufunda) somebody in water as a sign that he or she has
become a member of a Christian church
V Reading
1 Read the text and say what you liked most in it.
GOLDEN JUBILEE
Recently, the Croitorus have marked their 50th
wedding anniversary. That means they founded their
family 50 years ago. And now, looking at their joyful
faces, one can observe, with confidence, that they’ve
led a life of harmony, happiness and pleasure.
Regarding the jubilee itself, it is quite necessary to
make clear how it came into being. To begin with, the food for the reception table, and, finally, invited their
Croitorus’ sons – Andrew, Peter and Greg, together closest relatives and friends.
with their wives, children and grandchildren had a Now imagine what the ceremony looked like.
special meeting some days before the anniversary. The Croitorus where dressed in solemn wedding
At that meeting they planned how to celebrate their clothes, the hall was decorated with flowers, the
parents’ Golden Jubilee. It was also agreed to keep noisy guests were seated at the table which was laid
the idea a big secret so that the celebration could be a with tasty things. Of course, wishes were made to the
surprise for the old couple. To implement the plan, the Heroes of the Day on whose faces one could easily see
three brothers’ families did all the necessary things. gratefulness, happiness, enjoyment and satisfaction.
First, they bought the wedding clothes, then prepared Yes, that is how it really was; a wonderful surprise.
2 Group the underlined words from the text into three columns: nouns, verbs and adjectives;
give their synonyms.
3 Find in the text the words denoting:
– parents and children; – the 50th anniversary; – two people who are married;
– a marriage ceremony; – members of one’s family; – a pleasure one feels;
– something unexpected.
4 Ask and answer questions about the text.
5 Work as a class. Say:
a) how long your parents, grandparents have been living together;
b) if it is customary to celebrate parents’ and grandparents’ wedding
anniversaries in your family. If yes, say which one you celebrated last;
VI Listening
1 Listen to the text and:
a) write down the characters' names; e) name the three amazing moments in the story;
b) say where the action takes place; f) say who Clark was and why he shouted “They’re
c) speak about the reason the people were there; coming boys!”
d) give the names of the Heroes of the Day;
28
LESSON 2 FAMILY TRADITIONS
2 Brainstorm a list of titles for the text and choose the best one.
VII Grammar
Remember: REPORTED SPEECH  PROGRESSIVE TENSES
COMPARE
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1. She said, “I am writing an invitation now.” 1. She said (that) she was writing an invitation then.
2. Marry said, “What are you celebrating, Ann?” 2. Marry asked Ann what she was celebrating.
3. Bianca said, “Look, Ann! The bride is not wearing 3. Bianca remarked (that) the bride was not wearing
a white dress, she is wearing a pink one.” a white dress, she was wearing a pink one.
1. Olga said, “I was receiving guests when you called 1. Olga said (that) she was receiving guests when I
me yesterday.” called her the day before.
1. Betty said, “We will be decorating the house 1. Betty said they would be decorating the house
tomorrow from 2 p.m. till 4 p.m.” from 2 p.m. till 4 p.m.
Remember the following changes:
Present Progressive Past Progressive

Past Progressive Past Perfect Progressive (usually Past Progressive)
Future Progressive Future Progressive-in-the-Past
1 Report the following:

1. Pete said, “I am writing congratulation cards now.”
2. Jane said, “Oh, are you buying Christmas presents, Ann?”
3. He said, “Dan, what were you celebrating when I called you yesterday evening?”
4. Mum said, “The priest will be christening my daughter at 10 a.m. tomorrow.”
5. The bridesmaid said, “I will not be wearing a dark dress at my friend’s wedding.”
2 Think of 5-6 sentences your friend told you and report them. Use Present, Past and Future
Progressive. Work in pairs.
VIII Writing
1 Do exercise 2 (VI) in writing.
2 Your cousin is going to marry. As you can’t be present, write him or her
a congratulation card.
3 Write a description of a party you have been to.
29
Unit II LESSON 3 FROM THE OVEN
I Pronunciation
Betty Botter bought some butter,
But she said, “This butter’s bitter.
If I put it in my batter,
It will make my batter bitter.
But a bit of better butter,
That would make my batter better.”
“Recipes don’t work unless you use your heart!”
II Conversational Formulas Dylan Jones
In pairs, practice microdialogues when offering and accepting food or drink.

– Would you like...? – Thank you, that would be nice.
– Would you care for some...? – No, thank you.
– Can I offer you any...? – That sounds great.
– I hope you’re hungry. – I could eat something.
– Please, enjoy some... – I would love some.
– Will you join me in having some...? – I will have a piece, thank you.

Answer the questions with your classmates.
1. What foods do you like to eat?
2. What foods have you prepared yourself?
3. What is needed to make your favourite foods?
4. What does the lesson quote mean to you?
IV Vocabulary
1 Read and pronounce the words 2 Work in pairs to match the words with
and phrases. Use a dictionary their definitions.
to find their meaning.
1. dough a) an enclosed space for baking
Nouns oven baking soda 2. to bake b) to set or lay something
dough walnut 3. flour c) active ingredient taken from something
chocolate chips extract 4. baking soda d) a kind of nut with an outer shell
all-purpose wheat flour 5. to beat e) to cook something in an oven
6. to preheat f) powder from ground grain
Verbs and to mix to preheat 7. walnut g) to mix ingredients
Verb Phrases to bake to refrigerate 8. oven h) mixture of flour and water or milk
to place to stir
9. to stir i) powder to make baked goods rise
to beat to cool
10. to place j) to stir with energy to make smooth
to beat – beat – beaten 11. extract k) to warm the oven to bake something
30
LESSON 3 FROM THE OVEN
V Reading
1 Read the recipe and find the words you don’t know, then use a dictionary and fill in the lines with
the correct verbs: bake, cool, stir, combine (2), add, preheat, refrigerate, place, beat
CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIES – AN AMERICAN FAVOURITE
Ingredients:
1 cup (226g) unsalted butter at room temperature
3/4 cup (150g) white sugar
3/4 cup (160g) packed brown sugar
2 large eggs
1 1/2 teaspoons pure vanilla extract
2 3/4 cups (315g) all-purpose wheat flour1
1 teaspoon baking soda
1/2 teaspoon salt
1 1/2 cups (semi-sweet) chocolate chips
1 cup (100g) of coarse2-cut walnuts
1
all-purpose wheat flour (n.) – făină integrală
2
coarse [kA:s] adj. – mășcat
• ___ the oven to 190 C. Line two baking sheets with wax paper and set aside.
• In a bowl, cream the butter. ___ the white and brown sugar and ___ until fluffy (about 2 min.). ___ eggs one
at a time and stir in well. Add vanilla and ___ mixture very well.
• In a separate bowl ___ the flour, baking soda, and salt. Add the dry ingredients to the egg mixture. Mix well
adding the chocolate chips halfway. If the dough is too soft, cover and ___ until firm (about 30 min.).
• With a table spoon, make a small ball of dough (4cm diameter) and ___ it on the prepared cookie sheets. ___
for 12-14 min. or until golden brown. ___ completely before eating.
2 Answer the questions about the recipe.

1. At what temperature do the cookies need to be baked? For how long?
2. If we doubled the sugar, how many cups would we need?
3. What do we do if the cookie dough is too soft?
4. What do ‘fluffy’ and ‘semi-sweet’ mean?
5. In what shape should we make the dough?
VI Listening
1 Listen to the dialogue ‘At the Bucuria Confectionery’ and answer the questions.
1. Why is the customer buying at Bucuria?
2. What kind of products are sold at Bucuria?
3. How many boxes of Moldova chocolates does the customer buy?
4. Why does the customer need to buy so much?
5. How much does the chocolate cake cost?
31
Unit II LESSON 3 FROM THE OVEN
VII Grammar
Reported Speech – Imperative Sentences
When reporting commands, requests and suggestions we use introductory verbs:
ask, tell, order, advise, invite, etc.
COMPARE
1. Mom said, “Wash your hands.” 1. Mom told us to wash our hands.
2. Doru said, “Sally, don’t let the cake burn.” 2. Doru told Sally not to let the cake burn.
3. Ion said, “Let’s have a good time.” 3. Ion suggested having a good time.
1. Bill said, “Be sure to stir the batter well.”
2. Jane said, “Give me the recipe.”
3. Dad said, “Don’t make a mess in the kitchen.”
4. Tim told his brother, “Don’t eat all the cake.”
5. Ionela said, “Preheat the oven to 190 degrees.”
3. Tania said, “Let’s have a party!”
VIII Writing
1 Write a paragraph of at least 50 words to describe your favourite dessert.
2 Choose one of the baked goods from the pictures below and write its recipe.
32
LESSON 4 HOLIDAY TABLE
I Pronunciation
a) A proper cup of coffee from a proper copper
coffee pot.
b) How many cookies could a good cook cook, if a
good cook could cook cookies?
1 Speak on food and drinks you have at holiday
parties in your families.
“At a dinner party one should eat wisely but not
2 Brainstorm the table manners you know.
too well, and talk well but not too wisely.”
3 Explain the proverb “Tastes differ.” W. Somerset Maugham
III Vocabulary
Nouns get-together dish/particular food beef cabbage rolls

tableware/dishes poultry lamb/mutton pudding
(plates, glasses, cutlery) pork steak beverage
Adjectives home–made sour roast tinned/canned
2 Fill in the blanks using the words:

pudding, beverage, poultry, get-togethers, home-made, cabbage rolls, roast lamb, steak.
a) Will you, please, go to the shop and buy some ... ? f) It takes a housewife much more time
b) Father likes neither pork nor beef. He prefers ... . to make ... ... than a salad.
c) Beef ... is a widely popular meat dish. g) ... ... is a traditional Easter food in Moldova.
d) The Christmas ... was set on the table. h) I enjoy our family ... .
e) ... bread has a special taste.
3 Work in groups. Name the ingredients cabbage rolls and cakes are made of.
IV Reading
1 Read the text and find the words you don’t know in the dictionary.
Dinner was almost ready when Pa and Mr. Boast Laura spread the clean white tablecloth, and in the
came back with the bobsled. The enormous rabbit was centre of the table she set the glass sugar bowl, the glass
browning in the oven. Potatoes were boiling, and the jug full of cream, and the glass spoon-holder full of
coffee pot bubbled ([bDbl] a clocoti ) on the back of the silver spoons. Around the table Carrie laid the knives
stove. The house was full of the good smells of roasting and forks, and filled the water glasses, while Laura set
meat, hot bread, and coffee. all the plates in a pile at Pa’s place. Then at each place,
33
Unit II LESSON 4 HOLIDAY TABLE
all around the table, she cheerfully put a glass sauce (morman) of mashed potatoes, and on the other side
dish holding half a canned peach in golden syrup. The stood a bowl of rich, brown gravy. There were plates of
table was beautiful. hot corn bread and of small hot biscuits. There was a
Before Pa, on the big platter, lay (lie-lay-lain) the dish of cucumber pickles.
huge roasted rabbit with piles of bread-and-onion Ma poured the strong brown coffee and tea, while
stuffing ([stDfiH] umplutură) steaming ([sti:m] – a aburi) Pa heaped ([hi:p] – a umple) each plate with roast
around it. From a dish on one side stood a mound rabbit, stuffing, potatoes, and gravy.
(After L. I. Wilder)
2 Choose from the text the words referring to meals and tableware.
3 Find in the text the information about: 4 Ask questions on the text.
– the number of people present at the dinner table; 5 In small groups, brainstorm a list of
– what each member of the family did; appropriate titles to the text. Choose the
– the tableware; best one. Justify your choice.
– the food served.
V Grammar REPORTED SPEECH  PERFECT TENSES

Remember:
COMPARE
1. Andrew said, “Mum has cooked tasty food for the 1. Andrew said (that) his mum had cooked tasty
holiday table”. food for the holiday table.
1. Tim said, “I had arrived in Moldova by the end of 1. Tim said (that) he had arrived in Moldova by the
June”. end of June.
Remember the following changes:
Present Perfect Past Perfect

Past Perfect Past Perfect
1 Report the following sentences:
1. Ion said, “Tim, have you ever tried Moldovan pies?”
2. My friend said, “I have never eaten mutton.”
3. Dad said, “I have bought pork, poultry and beef for the holiday table.”
4. Andrea said, “When I returned home, mum had already baked the pies.”
5. Laura said to Emily, “I am so sorry I had not managed to lay the table before the guests arrived.”
6. The boy said, “My parents have never used canned products.”
2 Make up 6 sentences, using the grammar above.
VI Writing
1 Do ex. 1 (V) in writing.
2 Write at least 10 table manners you should observe.
3 Describe in writing your last family holiday table.
34
LESSON 5 FRIENDS
I Pronunciation “Your friend is the
person who knows
all about you, and
It takes two to tango still likes you!”
To tango takes two. Elbert Hubbard
But when do they tango
And who tangos who?
In which situation will you use the phrases
below when thanking and responding?
– Thanks ... – Don’t mention it.
– That is really nice of you ... – It’s a pleasure.
– I really can’t thank you enough ... – That’s all right.
– What a wonderful surprise ... – Any time.
– This means a lot to me ... – It was nothing.
– I am glad I could help.

1 Discuss with your partner:
a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of making friends on line?
b) What other places are good for making friends?
2 Think and answer:
a) What does a lasting friendship depend on?
b) Do you usually initiate friendship or wait to be
approached? 4 Explain the proverbs:
3 Say what it means: a) Better an open enemy than a false friend.
a) He speaks well of us behind our backs b) A friend to all is a friend to none.
b) He lends a hand with my homework. 5 Comment on the quotation of the lesson.
IV Vocabulary
Nouns and liar betrayal lasting friendship
Noun Phrases traitor true friend
Verbs and to befriend to share to lend a hand
Verb Phrases to betray to argue to rely on / to trust
Adjectives mean sincere candid
reliable selfish
to lend – lent – lent
35
Unit II LESSON 5 FRIENDS
1. to trust/to rely on a) unkind, evil, cruel
2. to argue b) somebody who thinks only of himself; greedy
3. liar c) open, honest and sincere in manner
4. mean d) to believe somebody is honest and will not do harm
5. selfish e) to express disagreement in words, to quarrel
6. candid f) a person who tells lies
7. to befriend g) to make friends with someone
3 Work as a class. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word from the box.
a) Their ... has lasted since they were classmates. share
b) A good and ... ... is one who likes and never ... you. close friend
c) Costel is a real friend to all of us and you can always ... ... him. true friend
d) Respect and honour are so important for a ... ... . rely on
e) Are you always ready to ... everything with your friend? betrays
f) A ... ... is ready to lend everything, give everything that will help you lasting friendship
through. relationship
V Reading
1 Read the text. As a class, discuss the meaning of the new words and phrases which appear in the text.
HOW TO BEFRIEND?
One can’t imagine living without friends.
When do people decide if they want to become
friends? As Dr. Leonard Zunin thinks, the first four
minutes of contact are decisive. He offers this advice to
anyone who is about to start a new friendship: if you
are meeting someone in a social situation, give him
your full attention for four minutes.
If somebody is introducing us to new people,
he or she suggests that we should try to be friendly,
open and self-confident1. In general, he says, “People
like people who like themselves”. On the other hand, Dr. Zunin, “total honesty” is not always good for
we should not make other people think we are too social relationships, especially during the first minutes
sure of ourselves. It is important to be interested and of contact. There is a time for everything. Some play-
sympathetic, realizing the other person has his own acting may be very good for the first minutes of
needs, hopes, and fears. contact with a stranger. Certainly, it is not the time
Nevertheless, is it honest to give the appearance to complain about one’s health or to find faults with
of friendly self-confidence when we don’t actually other people. It is the time to tell the whole truth about
feel that way? Perhaps, not, because according to one’s opinions and impressions.
1
self-confident [self 'kOnfPdBnt] – sigur de sine
36
LESSON 5 FRIENDS
2 Find in the text synonyms for the following words:
to make up one’s mind – to propose/to recommend – to get acquainted with/to present to –
touch/connection – sure of himself – point of view –
understand – great, significant – wish/aspiration –
3 Answer the questions:
a) What should you give to a person when meeting him in a social situation?
b) What does the author suggest doing when introducing people?
c) What should one realize when making friends?
d) Is it the time to complain about one’s health when making friends? If not, say why.
e) It is the time to tell the whole truth about one’s opinions and impressions, isn’t it? Why?
4 Summarize the text.
VI Grammar
Revision:
1 Work in pairs. Report the following:
a) Pete said, “I am writing a letter to my friend now.”
b) Paul said, “I have never betrayed my friend.”
c) Tom said, “Mum, I am not telling lies.”
d) Marius said, “Oliver, will you lend me a hand, please?”
e) He said, “Were you arguing with Bill when I came in?”
f) She said, “I had always shared my joys and sorrows with my mum before she left for Italy.”
g) My sister said, “Why was your friend laughing at you?”
h) The boys said, “We are not quarrelling, we are discussing a new project.”
VII Writing
1 Write the corresponding characteristics in 3 columns using vocabulary on the topic Friends.
Use a dictionary.
People like friends People don’t want their People aren’t sure about a
who are: friends to be: friend who is:
E. g. honest liars selfish
2 Describe an ideal friend in 40-50 words. Use the new vocabulary.
VIII Additional Information

It’s Interesting to Know
... One of the most modest When he died, Bobby lived near
and yet one of the best known his grave for fourteen years. Later
monuments in Edinburgh is the Bobby was buried near his master
monument to a dog called Bobby. and his statue in the Old Town has
The dog belonged to John Gray. become a symbol of devotion.
37
Unit II ROUND UP 2
I Let's Talk
1 Say how the members The Royal Family Tree
of the Royal Family are
related to each other.
Married
20 Nov. 1947
Queen Elizabeth II Prince Phillip

b. 24 Apr. 1926 b. 10 Jan. 1921
Prince Charles Princess Anne Prince Andrew Prince Edward

b. 14 Nov. 1948 b. 15 Aug. 1950 Mark Phillips b. 19 Feb. 1960 b. 10 Mar. 1964
Married Princess Diana Married b. 22 Sep. 1948 Married Sarah
29 Jul. 1981 b. 1 Jul. 1961 14 Nov. 1973 23 Jul. 1986 b. 15 Oct. 1959
Divorced d. 31 Aug. 1997 Divorced 28 Apr. 1992 Divorced Married
28 Aug 1996 30 May 1996 19 Jul. 1999
Married
9 Apr. 2005
Camila Ti h LLaurence
Timothy
b. 17 Jul. 1947 Sophie
b. 1 Mar. 1955 b. 20 Jan. 1965
Prince William Prince Henry (Harry) Zara Phillips Princess Beatrice Princess Eugenie Ledy Louise
b. 21 Jun. 1982 b. 15 Sep. 1984 b. 15 May 1981 b. 8 Aug. 1988 b. 23 Mar. 1990 b. 8 Nov. 2003
Married
17 May 2008
Prince George
b. 22 Jul. 2013
Kate Middleton
ddl Princess Charlotte Peter Phillips Autumn Kelly Viscount Severn
b. 9 Jan. 1982 b. 2 May 2015 b. 15 Nov. 1977 b. 3 May 1978 b. 17 Dec. 2007
38
ROUND UP 2
2 What do you think the roles of fathers and mothers are?
Do you think they should be different? Why?
3 Write your own congratulation cards on different occasions.

Here are some examples:
A wedding day that’s perfect. Dear . . .

Let all your dreams come true. Today, because it’s
A marriage that is very rich your birthday,
in happiness for you. I want to tell you
Joy to fill the home you’ll share. how much that means to me
Love to fill your hearts. and how much
These are what you two are wished I love you, too.
As your life together starts. Happy Birthday!
4 Use the proverb “Appetite comes with eating” in your own situations.
5 Say what table manners you should observe.
6 Think and explain the English expression:
We can’t choose our relatives, but we can choose our friends.
II Grammar
1 Report the sentences below:
a) John said, “The wedding has taken place this weekend.”
b) Tim said, “I haven’t received a letter from my friend yet.”
c) My sister said, “Mum is cooking cherry pies now.”
d) Ann said, “When I entered the room, Granny was laying the table.”
e) My friend said, “Tomorrow from 4 p.m. till 6 p.m. I will be doing my homework.”
f) Mum said, “Ann, don’t forget to wash your hands before dinner.”
g) Denis said to his friend, “Unfortunately, my grandparents’ jubilee had taken place before I arrived.”
2 Open the brackets:
a) I will be very sorry, if my friend (to betray) me one day.
b) After I (to do) my homework, I will call my cousin.
c) As soon as Dad (to come) home, Mum will ask him to drive her to her friend.
d) If I (not to trust) a person, I will never make friends with him/her.
3 Match the sentence halves.
1. If the marriage is sound and healthy 1 a) they will need your support.
2. In case you are ill 2 b) you’ll not be able to understand yours.
3. When your parents are old, 3 c) the family will be happy.
4. As soon as they get back, 4 d) your mother will always be in.
5. When you become older, 5 e) they will call you.
6. Until you are parents, 6 f) I will discuss it with my parents.
7. Before I make a decision on the problem, 7 g) you’ll understand your parents better.
39
Unit III LESSON 1 THE UNITED KINGDOM
I Pronunciation
The art of Biography
Is different from Geography.
Geography is about Maps,
Biography is about Chaps 1.
1
chap [\EIp] n. – băiat, flăcău
II Conversational Formulas “England is the paradise of individuality,

Use the phrases below in microdialogues: eccentricity, hobbies, and humour.”
George Santayana
– Have you been ...? – I have been there.
– Have you visited ...? – That sounds wonderful.
– I strongly recommend that you ...? – Thank you for the tip1.
1
tip [tip] n. – sfat, informație

As a class, answer the questions:
1. What do you know about the UK?
2. Have you ever visited the UK? If yes, say what impressed you most. If no, say if you would like to visit it. Why?
3. What do you know about London?
4. How do you understand the lesson quote?
IV Vocabulary
Nouns lowland The House of Commons monarch
highland The House of Lords
Verbs to surround to appoint to crown
Adjectives picturesque navigable royal
1. to appoint a) a King or a Queen who reigns over a country
2. to surround b) to circle, to encircle, to ring
3. to crown c) to give royal power to
4. picturesque d) attractive, interesting and unspoiled place
6. royal e) belonging to a king, a queen or a member of their family
7. monarch f) to choose someone for a job
3 Learn to read the geographical names that will be used in the text.
The United Kingdom ....................[ju:'nQtPd 'kPHdBm] British Isles .....................................['brPtPE 'Qlz]
The English Channel .....................['PHglPE 'tEInl] Europe .............................................['jMBrBp]
40
LESSON 1 THE UNITED KINGDOM
Northern Ireland ...........................['nA:CBn 'QBlBnd] Southampton..................................[saMJ'ImptBn]
The Extreme North .......................[Pk'stri:m 'nA:J] Portsmouth.....................................['pA:tsmBJ]
The Severn ......................................['sevBn] Glasgow...........................................['gla:sgBM]
The Thames ....................................[temz] Edinburgh.......................................['edPnbBrB]
Lake District ...................................['lNk 'dPstrPkt] Cardiff .............................................['ka:dPf]
Manchester .....................................['mIntEPstB] Belfast ..............................................[,bel'fa:st]
Birmingham ...................................['bF:mPHgBm] Loch Ness........................................['lOk 'nes]
Bristol ..............................................[brPstl] The Tweed.......................................[twi:d]
Liverpool.........................................['lPvBpu:l] The Forth ........................................[fA:J]
Plymouth ........................................['plPmBJ] Sheffield...........................................['Eefi:ld]
V Reading
1 Read the text and explain the difference between Great Britain and the UK.
THE UNITED KINGDOM

The United Kingdom (the UK) includes Great
Britain and Northern Ireland, so the official name of
the group of countries is the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK is surrounded
by a lot of water: to the northeast is the North Sea; the
Atlantic Ocean is to the northwest; and the Strait of
Dover and the English Channel are to the south of this
group of islands. The Strait of Dover is the narrowest
part of the English Channel, and it is 32 km wide.
Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and
Wales, and it forms the greater part of the British Isles.
The British Isles are separated from the rest of Europe
by water, and are situated to the northwest of Europe.
The population of the UK is 64.1 million people.
The largest country in the UK is England. Its
population is just over 53 million people.
There are several rivers in England. The longest
is the Severn, but the most important is the Thames
because boats can travel on it. in the world. It has many wonderful places to visit and
There are three parts in England: Northern see, and many tourists visit them each year.
England, the Midlands, and Southern England. Each Other important cities in England are Birmingham,
part has its own beauty, and is very different from Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield and Bristol.
the other parts. Northern England, for instance, is Oxford and Cambridge are small cities, but they are
famous for its many lakes. famous for their universities. Stratford-upon-Avon is
London is the capital of England, Great Britain also small, but it is famous as the birthplace of William
and the UK. It is one of the most important seaports Skakespeare, a famous English poet and dramatist.
41
Unit III LESSON 1 THE UNITED KINGDOM
VI Listening
1 Listen to the information about Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Match the places with the
country.
Places: Belfast, Loch Ness, Cardiff, the Clyde, Glasgow, Ben Nevis, Edinburgh, highlands, lowlands.
Country: Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland.
2 Speak about the Government of the UK.
VII Grammar
Remember: Geographical names with and without “the”
The names of rivers, oceans, seas, ranges of mountains, groups of islands, deserts are used with the
definite article “the”:
the Thames the Pacific Ocean the Black Sea the Alps the Shetland Islands the Sahara Desert
But single mountains, single islands and lakes do not take the article “the”: Olympus, Cyprus, Lake Superior
The names of cities, countries and continents do not take the article “the” either:
Europe Italy London Spain
But: the Hague [heig] – a city in Holland, the USA, the Ukraine, the UK, the Netherlands, the Argentine.
1 Fill in the article the where necessary:

a) ... Nistru is the longest river in ... Moldova.
b) Plenty of our students like to travel on their summer holidays either to ... Mediterranean Sea or to ...
Carpathians.
c) ... Constanţa is the most important seaport on the coast of ... Black Sea.
d) Lots of people in ... Africa suffer from different diseases.
e) The Titanic with more than two thousand passengers on board was sailing to ... New York when it sank in ...
Atlantic Ocean in 1912.
f) ... Orkney Islands, ... Shetland Islands and ... Hebrides belong to ... Scotland.
g) ... Great Britain consists of ... England, ... Scotland and ... Wales.
2 Say what countries you would like to travel to and why, using articles where necessary.
VIII Writing
1 Write sentences including the following groups of words:
a) London, Thames, situated. e) The English, holidays, spend, Lake District.
b) Oxford, Cambridge, university, cities, famous. f) Glasgow, most important, Liverpool, London,
c) Great Britain, not long, many of them, rivers, deep. Plymouth, Southampton, Portsmouth, seaports.
d) Most of, mountains, Scotland, not very high.
2 Group the words below in pairs of synonyms or antonyms: attractive, authority, monarch, lowlands,
rock, queen, narrow, highlands, king, stone, dense, to elect, thick, to choose, picturesque, power, wide
42
LESSON 2 HISTORICAL PERSONALITIES
I Pronunciation “Some are born great,
Read as quickly as you can: some achieve greatness.”
Madrid is the Capital City of Spain – William Shakespeare
I know what I’ll do if it only won’t rain!
I’ll set my new boat in full sail on the lake,
Commanded by Hawkins and Raleigh and Drake,
To conquer the Spanish Armada again.
Madrid is the Capital City of Spain ...
(Eleanor Farjeon)
In pairs, practise microdialogue when:
a) asking about something b) answering
Did you know about ...? In fact, I did know about ...
Have you heard about ...? I do know about ...
Have you got an idea about ...? Yes, I have heard about ...
Yes, I’ve been told ...
Answer the questions:
1. What are the traits that define a personality? 4. What personalities can you name?
2. When and how does a common man become a 5. Where is the monument in the picture placed?
personality? 6. What do you know about Ștefan cel Mare?
3. How can a national personality get worldwide 7. How do you understand the lesson quote?
recognition?
IV Vocabulary
Nouns devotion treasure fame commander-in-chief

Verbs to sentence to defeat to wound to recruit
to gain to pierce to fire
Adjectives outstanding fearless skillful
1. to sentence a) to win victory over
2. to defeat b) to pronounce punishment (upon)
3. to pierce c) to acquire, to obtain
4. to gain d) to pass into; to penetrate
5. to wound e) to injure
6. to recruit f) to enlist into an army or navy
7. to fire g) to shoot (gun, bullet)
43
Unit III LESSON 2 HISTORICAL PERSONALITIES
3 In groups, form different parts of speech from the words:
devotion, fame, to sentence, to defeat, to wound, to recruit, fearless, skilful
e.g. devotion – to devote, devoted, devoting
Use a dictionary, if necessary.
V Reading
1 Read the text.
OLIVER CROMWELL
The dearest treasure of a Cromwell was a strong man of middle stature,
country is its people. There is clever, and severe.
no country in the world which As to continue the battle against the King,
wouldn’t be proud of its citi- Cromwell went to some eastern countries to recruit
zens. the best soldiers to complete his army. So, in 1645, the
One of the most outstan- King’s army was completely defeated by Cromwell’s
ding historical personalities of brave and skilled soldiers. The king was found guilty
England is Oliver Cromwell and he was sentenced to death.
(1599-1658). He was the leader of the English Cromwell, in 1649, became the ruler of England,
Revolution that in 1642 turned into the Civil War be- not as king, but as “Protector of the Commonwealth”
tween the king’s and the Parliament’s armies. At first, for 10 years. His ruling brought England military glo-
the Royalist forces gained the fight, then Cromwell ry and national power. It was Cromwell who united
made a radical change in the military strategy. England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
2 Work independently. Find in the text synonyms for:
state to win individuality smart totally
globe well-known powerful courageous fame
3 Answer the questions on the text:
a) When did the Civil War break out?
b) Between whom was the Civil War?
c) What made Oliver Cromwell the best representative of the revolution?
d) When did Cromwell become the ruler of England as Protector of the Commonwealth?
VI Listening
1 Listen to the text “Horatio Nelson.”
a) Where did Nelson ’s first battle take place? d) What Nelson’s well known words were written on
b) What did the soldiers respect Nelson for? the flagship?
c) Where is Cape Trafalgar? e) Where can people see his monument?
44
LESSON 2 HISTORICAL PERSONALITIES
VII Grammar
Remember: POLYSEMY
has to do with words having diverse meanings
e.g.
to fire – 1) to fire a gun (to shoot) power – 1) physical power (strength)
2) to fire questions (to ask many 2) power of speech (capacity)
questions quickly) 3) legal power (right)
3) to fire an employee (to dismiss) 4) western powers (dominant states)
5) hydroelectric/nuclear power (energy)
ball – 1) round object used in games (football)
2) anything having a round shape
3) the rounded part of the foot where toes join it
4) a large formal event at which people dance
1 Insert the appropriate words from the box above:

a) The Vienna Opera ... is an annual Austrian society event which takes place in the building of the Vienna State
Opera.
b) In ancient times people didn’t know the Earth has the shape of a ... .
c) The President of the country has the ... to name the ambassadors.
d) After her illness she lost the ... to walk.
e) Because of the world economic decline, lots of employees are ... in many countries.
f) Little children always ... questions at their parents.
VIII Writing
1 Using a dictionary, find the meaning of the polysemantic words: to capture, severe.
2 Write down all types of questions to the sentence.
Admiral Nelson fought for England for the last time in 1805.
3 Write a descriptive composition about a national personality our country is proud of, including his/
her personal characteristics and achievements.
IX Additional Information
– The monument to Ştefan cel Mare in Chişinău was erected by the prominent sculptor A. M. Plămădeală and the
famous architect A. I. Bernardazzi in 1927. The Memorial House of A. M. Plămădeală (1888–1940) is on Bucharest
Street.
– A. V. Shciusev, a famous architect, was born in Chişinău. He was the author of the Museum of Ethnography
building. The Memorial House of A. V. Shciusev is on Shciusev Street.
45
Unit III LESSON 3 SEAPORT CITIES
I Conversational Formulas “America is the only place where miracles not only
happen, but where they happen all the time.”
Use the phrases below in
microdialogues: Thomas Wolfe
– Can you tell me where ... ? – At the next corner.

– How can I get to ... ? – It’s two blocks down.
– How do I get to ... ? – Go straight ahead.
– When is the next flight to ... ? – In two hours.
1 As a class, speak about the seaports you know. 3 Imagine you are in a seaport city. Call
your friend and share impressions about
2 Brainstorm the info about the only seaport
it. Use as many adjectives as you can.
in Moldova.
4 Think over the lesson quote and
comment on it.
III Vocabulary
Nouns tip gateway cargo port
settlement trade shipping transit
Verbs to purchase to ship
to light – lighted / lit – lighted / lit
2 Use the words from the box as to match the definitions:
a) the extreme end of a place e) goods transported by ships, planes ...
b) place where people live in f) harbour
c) the activity of buying and selling g) to transport by ship
d) entrance to h) to buy
46
LESSON 3 SEAPORT CITIES
3 Learn to pronounce the following words you will meet in the text.
Singapore ........................................['siHgBpA:] Manhattan ......................................[mIn'hItBn]
Bangkok ..........................................['bIHkAk] Dutch...............................................[dDtE]
Hong Kong .....................................[hAH 'kAH] Los Angeles ....................................['lAs 'IndGili:z]
Tokyo...............................................['tBukiBu] Spanish ............................................['spIniE]
Ellis ..................................................['elis]
IV Reading
1 Read the texts.
SEAPORT CITIES of Liberty, a gift of France to the United States, was

People got accustomed to using all existing means inaugurated on Ellis Island in the New York Harbour
of transportation that connect regions and countries to on October 28, 1886.
each other. Transportation by sea is one of them. Many
cities in different countries developed good maritime LOS ANGELES
networks by building seaports. There are many Los Angeles, the second largest seaport city in the
important seaports cities in the world. In this lesson United States, with a population of 3.8 million peo-
you’ll find out some information about seaports cities ple is the largest
like New York, Los Angeles and Singapore. city in the Western
United States. Los
NEW YORK Angeles was found-
New York City is geographically the largest and ed on September 4,
most populated seaport city in the USA. It is known 1781 by the Spanish
for its history as a gateway for immigration to the governor Felipe de
United States and Neve. It became a
also for its status port of Mexico in
as a financial, cul- 1821, following its
tural, transporta- independence from
tion and manu- Spain. In 1848, Los Angeles and the rest of California
facturing centre. were purchased from Mexico, and since then they be-
New York was in- came part of the USA. Los Angeles is a world centre of
habited by Native business, international trade, entertainment, culture,
American groups media, fashion, science, technology and education. As
at the time the the home base of Hollywood, it is known as the “En-
Dutch colonized tertainment Capital of the World.”
the Manhattan The port of Los Angeles is located in San Pedro
area in 1624. The British took over Manhattan and Bay, approximately 32 km South of downtown. The
the colony by annexation two years later. The Statue port complex occupies 30 km2 of land and water.
2 Correct the statements:
a) Chicago is the largest city in the USA.
b) Manhattan areas were colonized by the British in 1624. d) Los Angeles is the smallest seaport in the USA.
c) The Statue of Liberty was given as a gift to the US by e) Hollywood is known as a world business centre.
Spain.
47
Unit III LESSON 3 SEAPORT CITIES
3 Answer the questions on the texts:
a) What is New York City known for? e) What is the largest seaport in the Western US?
b) Who was New York inhabited by in 1624? f) When and by whom was Los Angeles founded?
c) When and where was the Statue of Liberty g) When did it become a port of Mexico?
inaugurated? h) When did Los Angeles and the rest of California
d) When and how did the British take over become part of the USA?
Manhattan? i) What is Los Angeles famous for?
j) Where is the port of Los Angeles located?
V Listening
1 Listen to the text “Singapore.”
2 Listen to the text again and answer the questions:
a) Where is Singapore situated? e) What can you say about its climate?
b) Whose colony was it? f) How many airlines does the network of Singapore
c) What is its economy focused on? airport have?
d) What is Singapore famous for?
VI Grammar The verb expressing GENERAL TRUTH and FACTS in the REPORTED clause
Remember: doesn’t move “one tense back.”
COMPARE
The teacher said, “Los Angeles was founded on The teacher said (that) Los Angeles was founded
September 4, 1781.” on September 4, 1781.
The teacher said, “The Singapore state consists of The teacher said (that) the Singapore state
63 islands.” consists of 63 islands.
1 Report the following statements and questions:
a) The teacher asked, “Who can become the President d) The teacher said: “How many stripes and stars are
of the USA?” there on the American flag?”
b) One of the students said, “The Constitution of the e) The student said, “Singapore became a British
USA was written more than 200 years ago.” colony on August 2, 1824.”
c) Radu said, “A person who wants to become the f) Victor said, “The flag of the USA is called stripes
President in the USA must be at least 35 years old.” and stars.”
VII Writing
1 Make up 4 sentences, using the grammar above.
2 Put the words in the right order to form questions:
a) British colony, When, become, Singapore, did, a? e) many, are, There, important, big, and, sea ports,
b) is, What, the, Los Angeles, population, of? the, in, world, aren’t, there?
c) tourists, attracts, to, visit, New York, What? f) there, Are, ports, any, Moldova, in?
d) founded, was, When, Los Angeles, and, by, whom?
3 Write a description of a seaport.
48
LESSON 4 HOUSING
I Pronunciation
William the Conqueror, Ten-Sixty-six –
I know what I’ll build after tea with my bricks!
I’ll build a great castle with drawbridge and keep,
And arches through which I shall see, when I peep,
Saxon and Norman both up to their tricks ...
William the Conqueror, Ten-Sixty-six.
(Eleanor Farjeon)
“A man’s house is his castle.”

Edward Coke
Pair work. Use the phrases below in microdialogues when asking for detailed information about
your partner’s house.
– Do you live in a block of flats or in a house? – I live in a ...

– How do you like it? – It’s great!
– How long have you lived in it? – I like it very much.
– How do you like the surroundings? – About ten years.
– Rather attractive.

1 Imagine you are in the city. Look at the buildings around. Name the types of buildings and say what
they are designed for.
2 Talk about your likes and dislikes referring to the place you live in.
3 Say what people are expected to be seen in: castles, hospitals, monasteries, universities,
factories, shops, theatres, concert halls.
4 Say in what buildings you would expect to find the following rooms: reading room, waiting room,
laboratory, gym hall, changing room, canteen, library, playroom.
5 What does the lesson quote mean to you?
IV Vocabulary
Nouns clay house concrete house staircase landing
stone house wood house railing
brick house cement stairs
Verbs to whitewash to put in doors and windows
and Phrases to lay the foundations to drive/to hammer nails
49
Unit III LESSON 4 HOUSING
1. concrete a) type of earth that is soft when it is wet and hard when it is dry
2. stairs b) to paint walls white with a mixture of chalk and water
3. clay c) blocks of baked clay that are used for building walls
4. brick d) a substance used for building and made from cement, sand, small stones and water
5. landing e) balustrade
6. railing f) a set of steps inside a building
7. staircase g) a set of stairs inside a building
8. to whitewash h) an area at the top of a staircase, with rooms leading off it
3 Fill in the gaps with the words below:
whitewash, clay house, brick houses, foundations, drive, put in.
a) My grandparents used to live in a ... ... .
b) The ... of a house are usually laid of hard stone or concrete.
c) After they had built the walls, the roof was put on and windows and doors were ... ... .
d) My three-year-old brother tried to ... a nail into the kitchen door.
e) A clay house is considered to be old-fashioned in comparison with up-to-date ... ... .
f) Many people in the countryside still like to ... the walls of their houses.
V Reading
1 Read the text. Find the key word that may be taken as a title of the text.
I like to walk in the streets alone at night. I go down not to disturb2 them. Many people are one thing inside
one street, cross over and go along another. The houses their house and another in the street. Sometimes the se-
are all lighted. There are fires burning. People are sitting crets, hidden away behind the walls of houses, are sim-
in the houses: men, women and children. ply sad, but sometimes they are exciting too.
Houses are like people. The houses have faces. The There are evenings when I walk and see houses that
windows are eyes. Some houses smile at you, others all seem to be whispering to me. They are trying to tell
frown1. There are some houses that are always dark. me what I cannot understand.
People in them go early to bed. You hear no laughter I go past4 a dozen houses, two dozen. They are glad
from such houses, no one sings. houses where all the doors seem ready to open quickly.
I know houses that always seem to whisper2 to me. Some houses shout to me: “Come in!”
There are secrets hidden in such houses. They ask you (After Sherwood Anderson)
1
frown [fraun] v. – a se încrunta
2
whisper [‘wPspB] v. – a șopti
3
disturb [dPs’tB:b] v. – a deranja
4
past [pa:st] adv. – pe lîngă
2 Find in the text the following words: cross, like, walk, face, well, open.
a) Say what parts of speech they are and what they mean in the text.
b) Use the same words in your own sentences as different parts of speech.
3 Explain what the author means when saying that houses are like people: they have faces,
they smile, frown, whisper, and shout, “Come in!”
50
LESSON 4 HOUSING
VI Listening
1 Listen to the text. What is it about?
2 Listen again. Write down the keywords to describe:
a) the ground floor; c) the laundry room (spălătorie);
b) the fireplace; d) the basement.
VII Grammar
Remember:
THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
The Present Perfect Progressive expresses an activity which began in the past and is still going on.
COMPARE
The Present Perfect (resultative) The Present Perfect Progressive:
The builders have already installed the central The builders have been installing the water, gas and
heating system. electricity systems since last week.
1 Choose the right verb and put it into the Present Perfect Progressive:
To work, to paint, to live (3), to rebuild, to build, to lay.
a) They ... in this flat since 1990. – Oh, he ... on a new design for our new office
b) The builders ... the cottage foundations for 2 days. block.
c) How long ... your cousin ... ... his cottage? g) Most of the students ... in this modern hostel since
d) The painters ... the doors and windows since early they started their studies.
morning. h) How long ... the Queen ... ... in the Buckingham
e) Our neighbours ... their house for months. Palace?
f) I haven’t seen Mr. Popescu for a long time. Where’s
he, I wonder?
VIII Writing
1 Find the errors in the following sentences. Correct them.
a) They have been worked for half an hour. d) My sister has already been whitewashing the walls.
b) My cousin has built his cottage since last month. e) Is John laying the foundations for 3 days?
c) She is painting the house since morning. f) Hasn’t the architect designing the house yet?
2 Insert the words consulting a dictionary:
skyscrapers, palace, hostels, block of flats, castles, house.
a) The Americans got used to their ... . d) Concerts are held in the famous National ... .
b) A lot of students in Chişinău live in ... . e) The ... of my great grandparents is well preserved
c) My uncle’s family doesn’t live in a detached house, and looks rather attractive.
they live in a modern ... ... ... . f) Many ... in Europe are transfromed into museums.
3 Write a short story in 50 words to illustrate the proverb “Every bird likes its nest“.
51
Unit III LESSON 5 CHILDREN'S ROOM
I Pronunciation There is no place
like home.
Proverb
The Sleeping Bag
On the outside grows the furside,
on the inside grows the skinside,
So the furside is the outside, and
the skinside is the inside.
Use the phrases below in microdialogues expressing preferences:
– Do you like ...? – I think I’d prefer ...
– Don’t you like ...? – What I’d like is ...
– It is nice, isn’t it ...? – I really would like ...
– Isn’t it fantastic ...? – I like ... more than ...

1 Brainstorm a list of words to describe a children’s room.
2 Describe a typical children’s room.
3 In pairs, hold a discussion about the things you would like to be improved in your room.
4 Say how you understand the saying “Sweep before your own door“.
5 Comment on the lesson quote.
IV Vocabulary
Nouns and bedding door knob/handle socket

Noun Phrases bed sheet built-in wardrobe light switch
blanket bunk bed/double-deck bed roller blind
quilt and pillows,
Verbs to furnish to replace quilt cover and
standard lamp pillowcases
2 Name the words that mean:
a) sheets, blankets, and other covers used on beds d) two beds, one above the other
b) a tall electric light which stands on the floor e) thick covering for a bed
c) something that obstructs1 vision or keeps f) to put furniture in a room
out light as a window shade
1
to obstruct [Bb'strDkt] v. – a bloca
3 Insert the missing words: door knob, switch, bunk beds, pillow, roller blinds.
a) A ... ... is a projecting part, usually rounded, c) Some rooms have ... ... instead of curtains.
forming the handle of a door, drawer. d) We use a ... to turn the light on and off.
b) In large families children sleep in ... ... . e) My father falls asleep as soon as his head touches the ... .
52
LESSON 5 CHILDREN'S ROOM
V Reading
1 Read Andrea’s daily records in her diary and say why she is so happy with her room.
DEAR DIARY,
At last we have finished furnishing our new flat with a lamp on it and a chair are opposite the furniture
and now I am so happy to share my joy with you. set. Next to the desk there is a modern comfortable
It’s just luck that I have my own room, after sharing sofa, a large armchair and a high standard lamp, a
one with my sister. It is a special room, my favourite, I present from my cousin, between them. Above the sofa
should say. If compared with the previous one, it’s quite there is an old reproduction of Rembrandt in a gold
large. It has a large window, with bright silk curtains painted frame inherited from my great-grandparents.
and Venetian blinds on it. The window looks out onto A nice chandelier hangs down from the ceiling. On the
two apple trees in the garden. The room has a balcony, polished parquet ['pa:keP] floor there is a large soft thick
too. The window-sill and the balcony are full of plants woolen carpet made at the well-known Floare Carpet
that make the room and the balcony nice and fresh. The factory. The walls are painted light blue.
focal point of the room is the up-to-date furniture set The room, I must say, is cosy and comfortable with
where the stereo, computer, TV set and shelves with lots much light; a place where I can feel at ease.
of books are concentrated. A large polished writing desk I am so happy with it!
2 Work as a class. Find in the text synonyms for the following words:
gift – suite of furniture – big – pleased –
to tell – bright – cosy – roller blinds –
contemporary – near – table – vis-a-vis –
3 Ask questions on the text.
VI Grammar THE PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Remember:
COMPARE
Present Perfect Progressive Past Perfect Progressive
Ann has been washing the floor in her room for When Mum came home, Ann had been washing
five minutes. the floor in her room for five minutes.
How long has uncle John been furnishing his How long had uncle John been furnishing his
son’s room? son’s room when you visited him?
1 Open the brackets using Present Perfect Progressive or Past Perfect Progressive:
a) When mother entered the house, Andrieş (to dust) the furniture for ten minutes.
b) Victor wanted to know how long the electrician (to install) the electrical items in the new flat.
c) Sorin wants to know for how long his elder sister Angela (to paint) the walls in his room.
d) Mother asked her son how long he (to play) computer games.
e) Mum says father (to furnish) Nick’s room since morning.
VII Writing
1 Do ex. 9 p. 109 from the Suppliment.
2 Write a paragraph in 50 words on the topic of the lesson, using all the new words.
53
Unit III ROUND UP 3
I Let's Talk
1 Some English tourists are visiting your school. When meeting them you have an opportunity
to get information about their country through direct contact. Hold a discussion.
2 Insert the words given below the text.
GRIGORE VIERU – Symbol of National Dignity

Grigore Vieru is the greatest … poet of our days. were turned into fa-
There is no other poet in Moldova who ever wrote mous … songs that are
so many poems … to Mother, his … land and its … widely sung in Moldova
and especially to children. His poems … mother- and other European … .
land made him …, …, … and loved by everybody. Unfortunately we lost
Grigore Vieru is also … for his … poems dedicated our … and talented …
to our Roman … opting for our language … name, who in 2009 died after
which is … and its … writing. Most of his poems a car … .
devoted, accident, patriotic, national, Latin, countries, people, Romanian, famous, poet,
honoured, origin, glorifying, great, well known, respected, historical, courageous, native
3 Find additional info about the following national celebrities. Discuss it in class.
Alexandru Donici, (1806–1865), famous writer, Soroca. Now the Chişinău Medical University is
born in the village of Stînca, at present called Donici. named after him.
The writer’s house is well preserved and turned into a Maria Bieșu (1935–2012)
museum. was an extraordinary opera
Alexie Mateevici, (1888– singer with an enormous
1917), military priest, poet, chamber repertoire ['repBtwa:].
author of the famous poem Her artistic excellence brought
“Limba Noastră” that is now the her international recognition.
State Anthem, born in the village Dumitru Matcovschi
of Zaim, south-west of Tighina. (1939–2013) was a greatly
His family house is also well loved writer, poet and dramatist. He was a well-
preserved and turned into a museum. known personality of the cultural and artistic life of
Nicolae Testemiţianu, (1927–1986), famous Moldova, being awarded high state distinctions for his
surgeon, born in the village of Ochiul Alb, west of outstanding merits.
4 Brainstorm a list of seaport cities you know.

5 Say when we use the proverb “East or West – home is best“.
6 Work as a class. How important is it for you to have your own room?
54
ROUND UP 3
II Grammar
1 Put the verbs from the brackets in the correct tense form.
a) They (to furnish) the flat all day.
b) My elder brother (to decorate) his room since morning.
c) She (to live) in this city since childhood.
d) The reporter asked the workers how long they (to do) the finishing work in the newly built house.
e) You already (to move) into a new flat?
f) My uncle (to replace) the furniture in his flat since early morning.
g) She said she (to live) in the city for ten years.
h) When I came in, Nick (to look) for information about Ștefan cel Mare for half an hour.
2 Report the sentences:
a) The teacher said, “The UK consists of Great Britain e) Nick said, “Dad, our grandparents’ house was built
and Northern Ireland.” in 1950, wasn’t it?”
b) The teacher said, “What does the UK consist of?” f) The teacher said, “Mihai Eminescu was born on
c) The people said, “The continent of America was January 15, 1850.”
discovered in 1492 by Columbus.” g) The student said, “The House of Parliament of
d) The teacher said, “Where is Singapore situated?” Moldova was devastated on April 7, 2009.”
3 Give the geographical names with and without “the“.
4 Write the names of nationalities and languages of the following countries, using a dictionary:
Country Nationality Language

England ___________ ___________
Ireland ___________ ___________
Wales ___________ ___________
Scotland ___________ ___________
Turkey ___________ ___________
Germany ___________ ___________
France ___________ ___________
III Additional Information

– The Loch Ness monster is a real attraction – There is one British island which has but one
for people from all parts of Britain and from house on it: this is Jethou [GB'tu:], one of the
many other countries. A museum of the Loch Channel Islands.
Ness monster was opened in Scotland that
has more than four thousand written reports ***
and drawings of Nessie made by those people – The largest ocean is the Pacific; it contains
who have “seen” it. 47.31 per cent of the world’s ocean water and
– The most ancient city in England is Chester. covers 66.030.124 square miles.
55
Unit IV LESSON 1 SCHOOLING
I Pronunciation
Read as quickly as you can without making
mistakes.
Miss Tracher the teacher
who married a preacher.
The news tried to feature
this preacher-wed teacher,
but just couldn’t reach her,
Miss Tracher the teacher.
“The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.”
II Conversational Formulas Aristotle
Read the phrases below that discuss school. Use them in dialogues.
Where do you go to school? I attend a gymnasium in...

What classes do you take? I like to study...
What is your favourite class? My favourite class is...
I really like school. How about you? I really enjoy...

1. Why do we go to school? 3. Can you be too old to learn?
2. Can you describe different types of schools? 4. What would happen if we didn’t have schools?
IV Vocabulary
Nouns and ten-point scale attendance mark (Br)/grade (Am)

Noun Phrases head-master (Br)/principal (Am) school-leaver/graduate syllabus
head-mistress (Br) boarding school
proficiency form (Br.)/grade (Am.)
Verbs to provide education to pass to lag/fall behind
and Phrases to be at the top (head) of the class to hand in to cut lessons
to be at the bottom (foot) to catch up with
Adjectives compulsory well-disciplined/behaved (ill-behaved) vocational
2 Work as a class. Explain what the following words mean:

a) general education b) gymnasium c) schooling d) a course of study e) lyceum
f) basic g) private h) public i) education j) preschool
56
LESSON 1 SCHOOLING
3 Work in pairs to match the words with their definitions.
1. head-master a) person who finishes school
2. graduate b) skill, ability or expertise
3. attendance c) the director of a school
4. general education d) education directed toward a particular trade or profession
5. compulsory e) presence
6. vocational f) list of classes offered at a school
7. proficiency g) obligatory, mandatory
8. syllabus h) result of instruction, training or study
V Reading
1 Based on the title of the text below, what do you think the text is about?
2 Scan the text to see if you guessed correctly.
EDUCATION IN MOLDOVA
By law, children in Moldova must receive
compulsory education at state schools from the ages
of 7 to 16. Since the late 1990s, private education has
also become available in Moldova.
Most children, before attending school, go to
kindergartens that provide preschool education
based on playing, singing, practical activities such as
drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition
from home to school.
During the first four years of schooling, children
get a primary-school education that serves as basis for
further studies. Primary education ensures a smooth
transition to secondary education.
Secondary school is the next step up from primary
school. The course of secondary education includes
two stages: gymnasium and lyceum. The gymnasium
stage is compulsory for students. During this course
of studies, pupils get effective education. On finishing
the 9th Form, certificates are given to pupils who may
then go to colleges, vocational or technical schools, or
may continue their secondary education at lyceum.
The three-year lyceum stage offers pupils the
opportunity to choose a direction of study according to
their individual interests and abilities. On completing
the lyceum course of studies, diplomas are handed to
the graduates who may then go to universities.
57
Unit IV LESSON 1 SCHOOLING
3 Based on the text, state whether the following sentences are true (T), false (F), or there isn’t enough
information to say.
1. Children receive full-time education from the ages of 4 to 14. 5. The gymnasium stage is compulsory.
2. Primary schools are not separated from secondary schools. 6. Diplomas are given to graduates of lyceum.
3. The first stage of secondary education is gymnasium. 7. After the 9th Form, students may go to
4. The second stage of secondary education is university. university.
4 Find synonyms in the text for the following words.
a) get b) study c) teaching d) contain e) form f) majority
g) end h) obligatory i) schooling j) select k) big
VI Grammar
WORDS WITH FIGURATIVE MEANINGS
Figurative sense – a more abstract, imaginative, metaphorical, not literal,
symbolic, ironic, hyperbolical meaning than its direct one.
1. We were scared to death, figuratively speaking.
2. She was imprisoned by him, figuratively speaking.
3. The news totally killed him.
4. She is such a sweet!
5. I think your school is really cool.
1 In your own words, share what the figurative meaning of the underlined words is. Use a dictionary if
you don’t know the words.
1. Sally was really sick, she looked like a ghost. 5. I think it’s really cool that you are in the school play.
2. With so much homework, I’m a slave to the 7th Form. 6. That test was a snap (trăsnet).
3. I got a 10 in English. I’m flying high. 7. Bridgette always has her nose in a book.
4. In April, my classroom is always so cool.
2 Look at the lesson quote and discuss the figurative language used in it.
VII Listening
1 Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions.
1. What are the words with figurative meaning in the 4. What suggestion does Billy make to simplify their
dialogue? homework?
2. What do the figurative words mean in the dialogue? 5. Does Caroline like her English class?
3. Why does Billy want to study with Caroline? 6. Do you think Caroline wants to spend time with
Billy?
VIII Writing
1 Write a paragraph of 50 words to say if you like school or not, and explain why.
2 If you were the director of your school, what would you do that is different from what is done now?
Write a list of 10 things you would change.
58
LESSON 2 ENGLISH CLASSROOM
I Pronunciation
making mistakes.
If the singular’s this and the plural is these,

Should the plural of kiss ever be keese?
Then one may be that and three would be those,
Yet hat in the plural would never be hose,
And the plural of cat is cats, not cose.
II Conversational Formulas “Those who know nothing of a foreign language,

know nothing of their own.”
Read the phrases below and say where in school
Goethe
you would use these phrases.
Excuse me, I’m looking for... Pardon me, but do you know where ... is?
It’s really important that I find... I’m trying to find...
How do I find...? I’m trying to get to...
Can I find...in that direction? How do I get to...?

1. Why is English an important language to study?
2. What are some ways that you can learn English on your own?
3. Should everyone in Moldova have to learn English?
4. What other languages do you know? How did you learn them?
IV Vocabulary
Nouns device skill opportunity
visual aids requirement equipment
command (of) technique
Verbs and Phrases to succeed to progress to brush up to ignore
2 Use the words below instead of the underlined words in the following sentences:
command of, to pronounce, to succeed, to progress, to brush up
1. Victoria’s friend needs to improve her English before her visit to Great Britain.
2. The teacher is proud of our strong knowledge of English.
3. He managed to do a lot of work on his English presentation.
4. The study of English advanced a lot with the Internet.
5. Our English teacher makes us practise saying words in class.
59
Unit IV LESSON 2 ENGLISH CLASSROOM
V Reading
1 Read about some tips for improving your understanding of English, and then answer the questions.
Learning a new language can be very

interesting and difficult at the same time.
In Moldova, many pupils only have two
foreign language classes per week until they
go to lyceum. It is very hard to try to learn
a foreign language in such a short period of
time per week, but there are some things
that you can do on your own if you want to
improve your English or any other language.
• Practise speaking in front of a mirror
at home. This lets you see how you
move your mouth to pronounce new
or difficult words.
• Do your homework. This will give you extra • Read an easy book in English, and look up the
practice using English even if nobody in your words you don’t know in a dictionary.
house speaks it.
• Watch cartoons in English with subtitles in
• Make a pen pal friend through video games or English so that you can practise your listening
through school who speaks English. and reading.
• If you meet someone who speaks English, don’t This is just a short list of tips that you can use to
be shy. Ask that person to be patient and to improve your English. If you really want to learn, there
speak to you in English. are many ways to build your proficiency.
• There is a wide variety of language software on

the Internet like Duolingo.com or Livemocha.
com that can help you learn vocabulary.
2 Working individually, answer the questions. Choose the answer that is best for you.
a) How do you like to learn English in class?
- working alone - working in pairs
- working in groups - working as a class
b) When do you memorize words better?
- when I see them - when I hear them
- when I look at charts - when I look at pictures with words
c) When do you think about grammar?
- when I am reading - when I do grammar exercises
- when I am writing - when I am speaking
3 Working in pairs, discuss the tips in the text. Are there any that you definitely would like to try?
Are there any that you don’t feel able to try? Explain why you feel that way.
60
LESSON 2 ENGLISH CLASSROOM
VI Listening
1 Listen to the dialogue and explain why Steve is impressed with the Moldovan English classroom.
2 After listening to the dialogue, work with a partner and give your opinions on the following questions.
a) How important are teachers to your learning of English?
b) How does your English classroom compare to the one in the dialogue?
c) Do you think modern technology is important when learning English?
d) How does your school use computers and the Internet for learning English?
VII Grammar
Remember:
The Subjunctive Mood after WISH
Remember how to express a wish referring to the present or future.
COMPARE
The Indicative Mood The Subjunctive Mood after wish
a) It’s a pity we don’t have enough visual aids in our a) I wish we had enough visual aids in our school.
school.
b) It’s a pity I don’t succeed in foreign languages. b) I wish I succeeded in foreign languages.
c) What a pity I can’t do this job. c) I wish I could do this job.
After the verb wish “were” is used for all persons:
d) It’s a pity my mother is not a teacher of English. d) I wish my mother were a teacher of English.
e) What a pity we’ll not go on a trip tomorrow. e) I wish we went (would go) on a trip tomorrow.
1 Express a wish transforming the sentences below.

a) It’s a pity I can’t pronounce all English sounds well. – I wish ...
b) It’s a pity I’m not a student of your school. – I wish ...
c) My friend won’t practise English every day. – He wishes ...
d) We don’t have portraits of American writers in our English Classroom. – We wish ...
e) Not all the students have a good command of English. – The teacher wishes ...
f) Sorin always makes mistakes when pronouncing geographical names. – The teacher wishes Sorin ...
g) I’m sorry I can’t understand the task. – I wish I ...
h) It’s a pity he is not attentive at the lesson. – The teacher wishes he ...
VIII Writing
1 Answer the following questions in writing:
a) What helps you to improve your English skills?
b) Who in your class speaks English the best? Why?
c) Would you like to become an English teacher? Why or why not?
2 In 50 words, write a short letter to persuade a younger student of the importance of learning
English.
61
Unit IV LESSON 3 ENGLISH SPEAKING CLUB
I Pronunciation
mistakes.
Dearest creature in creation,
Study English pronunciation.
I will teach you with my verse,
Sounds like corpse1, corps2, horse and worse.
1
corpse [kA:ps] n. – cadavru
2
corps [kA:] n. – corp (diplomatic) “The limits of my language are the limits of my world.”
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Read and practise saying the phrases that you would use to discuss and debate:
I see your point, but... I completely disagree.

Normally I would agree, however... I strongly disagree. Rather...
You have some good arguments. Perhaps you should consider...
I think it’s important to consider... Have you thought about...?

1 What clubs or after school activities do you belong to?
2 Does your school have an English club? Do you attend it?
3 Brainstorm about different kinds of things you can do at an English club meeting.
4 Discuss the lesson quotation. What does it mean to you?
5 What do you know about English-speaking clubs?
IV Vocabulary
Nouns aim/goal/purpose debating badge membership mastery
Verbs to promote to facilitate to review to comprehend to enable
to achieve to expect
2 Work as a class. Discuss the meaning of the following words:
communication, effective, responsibility, potential, to list, to select, to coordinate, except, fluency.
1. badge a) the thing that an action or plan is intended to achieve
2. membership b) a discussion in which people express different opinions on a subject
3. aim/goal/purpose c) emblem
4. debating d) the fact or state of being a member of an organization
5. to promote e) to succeed in obtaining something
6. to achieve f) to help the progress of
62
LESSON 3 ENGLISH SPEAKING CLUB
4 Use the words comprehend, from time to time, to review, mastery, expected, to facilitate
instead of those underlined in the sentences below:
a) Guests from abroad visit our English Speaking Club occasionally.
b) Nick tried to understand the idea of the story.
c) The class/form master supported the club president's initiative.
d) In his letter, my friend Billy highly appreciated my good skills in grammar.
e) Shall we revise the list of the equipment we need for our English Classroom?
f) The members of the club awaited the speaker's arrival.
V Reading
1 Read the text and be prepared to say if an English Speaking Club sounds interesting to you.
English clubs that are being opened in many facilitate the club’s activities. Guests, if available, are
schools are part of a specially designed programme sometimes invited to interact with club members.
to promote learning the English language, facilitate Club activities help members develop skills to
the debate of ideas, and provide opportunities for comprehend, predict and express ideas, and also to
interaction between the learner and a teacher or interview, write letters, prepare advertisements, etc.
outside guests. Such clubs help make learning more Another purpose of English club activities is to
enjoyable. The primary goal of these clubs is to enable improve pupils’ vocabulary in the language, familiarize
pupils to develop confidence in practising English and them with idioms and expressions, increase their
encouraging them to enjoy the studying process. creativity, and generate logical and critical thinking.
The members of the club wear their badges proudly. Such activities are meant for the pupils of primary and
Each club should have a president, a secretary to take secondary levels.
notes, and an executive committee to make decisions In an English club, pupils get a chance to practise
about the direction of the club. The teacher’s role is to many different skills in different circumstances.
63
Unit IV LESSON 3 ENGLISH SPEAKING CLUB
2 Find the words in the text that mean the following:
1. chance, possible situation 4. to tell about in advance
2. something pleasant 5. to enlarge
3. the person with the highest position 6. to ask questions
3 Work in pairs. Ask each other questions to fit the answers.
1. The club members wear badges.
2. The teacher’s role is to facilitate the club’s activities.
3. English club members practise different skills.
4. Club activities are meant to improve pupils’ language, increase creativity and generate critical thinking.
4 Find in the text synonyms for the following words:
curricula a visitor council
to discuss learning understand
chance do actions
VI Grammar
The Subjunctive Mood after if
Remember:
Observe the form of the verb after if expressing an imaginary, impossible
or improbable situation when referring to the present and future.
COMPARE AND REMEMBER

Expressing Expressing
Regrets and Wishes Imaginary situations
a) What a pity I am not a member of the English
speaking club.
– I wish I were a member of the English speaking – If I were a member of the English speaking club,
club. I would improve my vocabulary.
b) It’s a pity I can’t visit an English speaking country.
– I wish I could visit an English speaking country. – If I could visit an English speaking country,
I would have a chance to master my English.
c) My sister is very sorry she doesn’t have a

possibility to interact with the club members.
– My sister wishes she had a possibility to interact – If my sister had a possibility to interact with
with the club members. the club members, she would learn to prepare
d) What a pity Denis will not be present at the club advertisements.
meeting.
– I wish Denis were present at the club meeting. – If Denis were present at the club meeting, he
would share his experience.
64
LESSON 3 ENGLISH SPEAKING CLUB
1 Open the brackets expressing wishes and regrets.
a) It would be nice if we (to speak) foreign languages. e) What you (to do) in your school if you (to be) its
b) If Eliza (to improve) her pronunciation, she (not to head-master?
speak) so terribly. f) If all of you (to watch or to read) the play Pygmalion
c) If I (not to develop) language skills, I (not to suc- you (to understand) how important it is to speak a
ceed). language perfectly.
d) If the club (to have) more activities, its prestige g) What you (to do), if you (to be) the club president?
would greatly increase.
2 Pay attention to suffixes and prefixes in word building. Give other examples. Work in pairs.
–ive –tion –able –tion
to select selective selection to delegate delegable delegation
to expect expective expectation to expect expectable expectation
to coordinate coordinative coordination to achieve achievable –
to communicate communicative communication
–ful –less un–, in–, ir–

purpose purposeful purposeless communicative uncommunicative definite indefinite
aim aimful aimless effective ineffective reparable irreparable
VII Listening
1 Listen to the poem ‘Grammar In Rhyme’ and be ready to talk about the different parts of speech in
English.
2 After listening to the poem, work with a partner to answer the following questions.
a) What is the difference between an adjective d) What are the three different articles?
and an adverb? e) What is a noun?
b) What does an interjection show? f) What parts of speech are “quickly”, “well” and
c) What do conjunctions do? “good”?
VIII Writing
1 Rewrite the sentences according to the example.
Example: I wish I stayed in London for one year.
If I stayed in London for one year, I would practise English.
1. I wish I were present for the English club. 4. They wish they spoke English better.
2. Our teacher wishes we improved our knowledge. 5. He wishes he were a teacher of English.
3. She wishes she spoke to her teacher about the matter. 6. We wish we were in England now.
2 Imagine that you are a member of an English-speaking club. Write a short letter to your pen-friend
about an activity that you would like.
65
Unit IV LESSON 4 EDUCATION THROUGH FILM
I Pronunciation
mistakes.
A twister of films
once twisted his twist
so the gist of the film
was a twist in a twist.
Read and practise saying the phrases that you “A movie star is not an artiste, he is an art object.”
would use to express excitement or enthusiasm: Richard Schickel
Wow! That’s exciting. I’m excited by...

That’s sensational! It was amazing!
It was fantastic! It’s really terrific!

1 Why do we go to see a film at the cinema?
2 What was the last film you saw? Did you like it? Why or why not?
4 What can we learn from watching films?
5 What do you already know about how films are made?
IV Vocabulary
Nouns news reel feature film film producer
popular science film soap opera (film) dubbing
viewers/audience script writer film/cinema-goer
script film director pictures (Br.)/movies (Am.)
Verbal Phrases to shoot/make a film to screen a film to be on
Adjectives thrilling astonishing marvellous
and Adverbs
to shoot – shot – shot
2 Work in groups. Explain what the following words mean:
documentary (film) – comedy – talented actor – fascinating –
educational film – colour film – valuable – disgusting –
detective film – black-and-white film – superb – impressive –
adventure film – film star – exciting – to prefer –
66
LESSON 4 EDUCATION THROUGH FILM
1. soap opera a) a short cinema film of news
2. scenario/script b) stories about imaginary future development in science
3. script-writer c) a full-length cinema film with an invented story and professional actors
4. news reel d) a daily or weekly continuing television story which is about daily life
5. dubbing e) a surface on which a cinema film is shown
6. feature film f) a writer of scripts for films, broadcasts, etc.
7. science fiction film g) a written description of the action to take place in a film
8. screen h) more advanced or complex than others
9. sophisticated i) changing the original spoken language of a film, show, etc.
V Reading
1 Read the text and be prepared to say if you like or dislike the idea of using films in class.
Watching films is one of various modern Watching films is a powerful educational tool that
teaching resources. Children are great film-goers, can become a gateway to exploring complex ideas. It
and when a teacher announces they will watch a opens children’s eyes to other ways of looking at the
film dedicated to a certain topic, they are always world and helps them understand it better. The power
enthusiastic. The popularity of a film itself depends of watching films at school is great. It may develop
on the viewing children’s ages and the topic. Pupils critical thinking skills, and stimulate effective round-
can watch popular educational, documentary, table discussions.
musical and other films as specified in each subject’s When watching films, children usually learn about
curriculum. the films’ producers, stars, directors, cameramen, etc.
2 Find in the text synonyms for the words:
at present – big – passionate – debates –
different – film fans – movie – efficient –
to contain – devote – to be able – abilities –
schooling – theme – instrument – to find out –
kids – definite – entrance – universe –
3 Find in the text antonyms for the words:
never – unknown – indifferent – seldom –
similar – weak – unpopular – teach –
learning – close – small – adults –
old-fashioned – worse – ineffective –
4 Work in pairs. Answer the questions about the text.

1. Why are children enthusiastic about watching films?
2. Why does the age of a child effect what he/she likes to watch?
3. What films can children watch in their out-of-school time?
4. How does watching films stimulate pupils’ thinking?
5. What do children learn from watching films on various subjects?
67
Unit IV LESSON 4 EDUCATION THROUGH FILM
VI Grammar Remember:
WHAT WHICH
is used when there is rather a large choice and is, as a rule, used when there is a limited choice
it is not clear how many possibilities there are. (from two to five possibilities).
WHICH can be followed by of, but WHAT cannot.

WHAT is followed by a noun and a pronoun.
e. g. What colour are her eyes? Which colour do you like best the green or the blue one?
What perfumes does she use? Which of you has watched the new film?
1 Fill in with which or what:

1. … dress shall I wear, the red or the blue one? 5. … of these hats is yours?
2. … flowers do you like? 6. … films does he like?
3. Ask him … one he will choose. 7. … of the film stars is your favourite?
4. Say … of you wants to become a cinema star. 8. … thriller have you recently watched?
VII Writing
1 Rewrite the sentences leaving out the words that are not needed.
Example: They said they didn’t like eat films of about politics.
They said they didn’t like films about politics.
1. Watching of films is not a good way of playing learning interesting things.
2. Why do have children enjoy and cartoons and horror films?
3. My cousin is Dorin has a lot of much cassettes.
4. When my dad doesn’t watches detective stories films, he is doesn’t hear or see anybody.
5. Sophia Loren was has recognized as one of the most beautiful film stars of the 20th century.
2 Write a film review of a film you’ve seen recently. Be sure to include information about the
director and the stars.
3 Look at the pictures and say:
a) what films the

scenes are taken
from;
b) who the main
characters are;
c) who played the
main roles.
68
LESSON 5 MOTHER’S DAY
I Pronunciation
making mistakes.
When Mother’s Day came on Sunday

We wanted to make it a fun day.
We all love our mother,
Me, my sister and brother,
So we made her an ice cream sundae1.
1
sundae [ ' sãndeï] n. – înghețată cu frișcă, nuci, fructe
“What the mother sings to the cradle goes all
the way down to the coffin.”
II Idiomatic Expressions Henry Ward Beecher
Read the following expressions and match them
to their meanings.
1. necessity is the mother of invention a) the biggest or the first of something
2. at her mother’s knee b) to understand something, you have to try it.
3. experience is the mother of wisdom c) very ugly
4. mother of all... d) learned at an early age
5. a face only a mother could love e) If you need something badly, you’ll create it.

1 Why do we celebrate Mother’s Day?
3 List some things that your mother does for you every day.
4 How do mothers make us feel special?
IV Vocabulary
Nouns affection (for) sake bosom/breasts cradle
patience fault anxiety disappointment
Verbs to tease to mind (smth./doing smth.) to share joys/sorrows (with smb.)
and Phrases to nurse to forgive (smb. for smth.)
to argue with to keep the house
Adjectives trifling tender sensitive sensible
to forgive – forgave – forgiven
2 Identify the meaning of the following words:

directly – to proclaim – to endure – to honour – sacrifice –
to ignore – official – to dedicate – to suffer –
69
Unit IV LESSON 5 MOTHER’S DAY
3 Work in pairs. Form different parts of speech adding the following suffixes:
-ness, -ion; -ment; -able; -tion; -ly.
to argue – (n) ... to affect – (n) ... to disappoint – (n) ...
to direct – (n), (adv) ... to honour – (adj) ... to dedicate – (n) ...
love – (adj, adv) ... to forgive – (adj) ... kind – (n) ...
1. anxiety a) a feeling of fondness for another person
2. to argue with b) gentle and caring feelings
3. to mind c) a small box-shaped bed for a baby
4. fault d) an error or mistake
5. sake e) benefit, interest
6. cradle f) to obey, to follow
7. tender g) to try hard
8. to strive h) to disagree with somebody (angrily)
9. affection i) a feeling of nervousness
V Reading
1 Read the poem and say what it means to respect one’s mother.
I MUST NOT TEASE МУ MOTHER
I must not tease my mother; I must not tease my mother:

For she is very kind; I’ve heard dear father say,
And everything she says to me When I was in my cradle sick,
I must directly mind; She nursed me night and day;
For when I was a baby She lays me in my little bed,
And could not speak or walk, She gives me clothes and food
She let me in her bosom sleep, And I have nothing else to pay
And taught me how to walk. But trying to be good.
I must not tease my mother; I must not tease my mother,

And when she likes to read, She loves me all the day,
Or has a headache, I will step And she has patience with my faults,
Most silently indeed: And teaches me to play.
I will not choose a noisy play, How much I’ll try to please her,
Nor trifling troubles tell, She every hour shall see;
But sit down quiet by her side, For should she go away or die,
And try to make her well. What would become of me?
By Mrs. Siqouney
2 Learn the poem by heart.
70
LESSON 5 MOTHER’S DAY
3 Work in groups. Find in the poem synonyms for the following words:
annoy/bother – talk – unimportant – problem –
generous – go – mistake – to look after –
follow – permit – quiet – of course –
select – train –
4 Work as a class. Find in the poem antonyms for the following words:
rude – stay – live – everything –
nothing – wake up – hate – come –
grown up – noisy – healthy – bad –
5 Independent work. Find in the poem the lines where the child:
– shows his care for his mother; – speaks about mother’s patience;
– speaks how mother nursed him; – explains why he has to directly mind mother’s words.
VI Grammar
Remember: DO
as a substitute of the main verb.
E. g. 1. Some children happen to tease their mothers, but I never do.

2. My little sister doesn’t share toys with other kids, but my brother does.
3. Steve sometimes argues with his parents, but his brother doesn’t.
4. Gabriel often ignores his duties, but his sister doesn’t.
5. Sanda likes to buy presents, but I don’t.
6. Kate and Ann don’t like to do their rooms, but I do.
7. What comes after winter?
– Spring does.
8. Who goes to school every day?
– All the pupils do.
– Nick does.
1 Identify the verbs in the sentences from the box above that are substituted by do/does.
2 Make up your own sentences using do/does as the main verb substitute.
VII Writing
1 Write 5 sentences using do as a main verb substitute.
2 Choose one of the stanzas of the poem that you like best, and translate it.
3 Write a poem that you can dedicate to your mother for Mother’s Day.
4 Write a paragraph to explain all the things your mother does for you and your family.
71
Unit IV ROUND UP 4
I Let's Talk
1 Unscramble the lines of the poem bellow.
2 Read the poem and express its main idea.
3 Think of a title for the poem.
4 Comment on the poem making reference to pictures 1 and 2.
If you in the morning

You can’t pick them up
In the course of the day.
Throw minutes away,
You may hurry and scurry1,
You’ve lost them forever,
And flurry2 and worry,
Forever and aye3.
Anna Sewell
1
scurry ['skDrP] v. – a alerga
2
flurry ['flDrP] v. – a se grabi
3
aye [Q] adv. – da
5 Debate on the following:

– We shouldn’t have schools at all.
– It’s not necessary to study English.
– Our school is perfect.
– Students agree to all the school rules and teachers’
requirements.
– Handicapped people don’t need any education.
– Films cannot help pupils learn English.
– Mothers have little importance in our lives.
6 Work as a class to match the words to their definitions.

1. head-master/mistress a) a short film of actual events in the world
2. compulsory b) a full-length cinema film with an invented story
3. skill c) gentle and caring
4. to achieve d) to obey
5. aim/goal/purpose e) person in charge/principal of a school
6. feature film f) ability
7. newsreel g) obligatory or mandatory
8. to mind h) to accomplish
9. tender i) something that an action or plan is intended to achieve
72
ROUND UP 4
II Grammar
1 Paraphrase the sentences using the verb wish.
a) It’s a pity Pete can’t write poems. e) I’m sorry, I will not travel this summer.
Mother wishes Pete … I wish I …
b) What a pity I don’t practise English. f) Mother is sorry her daughter doesn’t like arts.
I wish I … Mother wishes …
c) It’s a pity not all parents understand their children. g) Teachers regret students don’t read much nowadays.
Children wish … Teachers wish …
d) It’s a pity he makes mistakes in spelling.
Our teacher wishes …
2 Think of words with figurative meanings which have alternatives in your native language.
3 Give homophones for the following words:

lessen (v), sew (v), waist (n), straight (adj), brake (n), hear (v), buy (v), wear (v), four (num), I (pron),
two (num), won (v), their (pron).
4 Identify the verbs in the sentences that are substituted by do/does.

a) Mother often cooks breakfast for us, but my brother Mike rarely does.
b) Some of my friends complain about school, but I don’t.
c) My father loves films, and so do I.
d) Sally didn’t eat her lunch, and we didn’t either.
e) They enjoy going to English Club, but Robert doesn’t.
5 a) Observe the meanings of the phrasal verb given below:
to look at to direct eyes at
to look for to try to find something
to look after to take care of somebody who is ill, little, etc.
to look forward to to anticipate (with pleasure)
to look up to to respect and admire smb.
b) Insert the above phrasal verbs.

a) The members of our English Club look ... ... the
guests’ arrival.
b) When preparing for the club’s meeting, the
members have to look ... different necessary
materials on the given topic.
c) He looked ... the papers to find the club’s working
programme.
d) Students are to look ... the equipment in their
English Room.
e) “Look ... the map of the USA!”, said the teacher of
Geography.
73
Unit V LESSON 1 ARTS AND CRAFTS
I Pronunciation
A pretty schoolmistress from Daise
Had a list of the pupils to praise,
But it was very funny
’cause she lost all her money
And she couldn’t give them any praise.
Exchange opinions. In what circumstances will
you use the following phrases? “In creating, the only hard thing is to begin.”
– You are doing very well. James Russell Lowell
– That is really beautiful. – First class!
– I wish I could do as well. – Great!
– Don’t worry, I’m sure you’ll do better.

a) Why are artisanship articles highly appreciated all over the world?
b) What qualities are necessary for artisans? (e.g. attention to details...)
c) Which of these qualities are developed at schools?
2 Explain the proverb “Art is long, life is short“.
3 Say how you understand the lesson quotation.
IV Vocabulary
Nouns artisanship craft craftsman appliqué crochet
knitting needles hook tapestry canvas
Verbs to carve to knit to embroider to sculpt
to weave – wove – woven
1. crochet a) to decorate cloth with ornamental needlework
2. tapestry b) needlework done with a needle having a small hook at one end
3. knitting needles c) any fabric used as a foundation for embroidering and painting
4. appliqué d) a fabric consisting of a warp1 upon which coloured threads are woven by hand
5. canvas e) thin plastic or metal rods which one uses when knitting
6. to embroider f) something ornamented by a different material or a piece of the same type
1
a warp [wA:p] n. – urzeala
74
LESSON 1 ARTS AND CRAFTS
3 Fill in the words: knit, sculpting, carving, woodcarving, crochet hook, artisans, embroider, tapestry,
macramé, crafts, embroidery, knitting.
a) It seems there is no difference between ... and ... , but still they differ.
b) The ... ... is in the box near the TV set.
c) People who have to do with ... , ... , ... , ... , ... and other ... are called ... .
d) In the evenings my granny prefers to sit near the fireplace and ... or ... .
4 Look at the artisanship articles in the pictures and say:
a) which of them you like best;
b) if you have similar things at home;
c) what articles you can make;
d) which of the articles you make at your school;
e) which articles you would like to have in your house or flat;
f) if you know what other artisanship articles your great-great-
-grandmothers made in the past. If no, ask your Mums to
help you.
V Reading
1 Look at the headline below and say what you think the text is going to be about.
2 Read through the text quickly to see if you are right.
LEARNING THROUGH ART

Children’s creative work has always been Club children learn to take pictures. Traditionally, every
appreciated. School is the fundamental place where school holds creative work exhibitions at which pupils
pupils develop skills in different artisanship domains. display their pieces of art, such as tapestries, drawings,
Manual work is widely practised by people from paintings, different flower compositions, seed and other
an early age. Pupils learn to create art at Handicraft appliqués, sculptures, carvings and photos etc. These
lessons. The teachers train them how to use various exhibitions help schools underline learning through art.
instruments such as crochet hooks, knitting needles, When guests see the variety of articles made by
carving knives, needles, etc. These magic tools bring children they are surprised at their great skills. These
children lots of ideas when working with them. articles attract the eye because they represent real
Making flower compositions and different appliqués wonders.
is taught at Design lessons. The best pieces of work are sent to the city/town
At Drawing lessons pupils learn to work with exhibitions of children’s creative works where lots of
brushes, water colours and oil paints. At Photography visitors come and admire them.
3 Find in the text the words that mean:
custom – to exhibit – miracle – tool – exposition –
to praise – to study – to emphasize – diversity – kids –
4 Work in pairs. Ask each other questions to fit the answers:
a) Pupils learn to create things of art. d) Pupils display their pieces of art.
b) Teachers train pupils to use various tools. e) Children’s creative works attract the eye.
c) At School Photography Club.
75
Unit V LESSON 1 ARTS AND CRAFTS
5 Find at least 5–6 words you could leave out of the first and fourth paragraphs not changing the
general sense. Do it in pairs.
6 Imagine you are a professional radio reporter and you are in the radio studio. After an introduction
you present your report.
News commentator:
This is radio Chişinău. This is children’s programme.
Our reporter will share the information and impressions of a school artisanship exhibition.
VI Grammar
REMEMBER when do and make are used. 1 Fill in do or make.
a) We use make when we mean: to prepare, to build, to construct. a) Students were ... noise while
E. g. – Children make different articles at Handicraft lessons. arranging the exhibition.
– My elder brother made a seed appliqué for me as a present. b) Granny asked me to ... some
b) We use do when speaking about activities/work. coffee for her.
E. g. – What shall we do at Drawing lesson tomorrow? c) Most of the children ... the job
correctly.
– What is she doing?
d) She prefers to ... cakes herself.
There are certain expressions with do and make e) If you ... at least a mistake when
that you have to remember: knitting, everything will go
Make Do wrong and you’ll have to ... the
– to make noise – to do shopping work all over again.
– to make coffee, tea – to do homework f) Boys like to ... different carved
– to make somebody happy, sad – to do one’s best to do something things.
– to make friends – to do well g) ... the ironing of all crocheted
– to make somebody do something – to do cleaning, washing articles you have ....
– to make a translation – to do a job h) Mum asked me to ... my best to
– to make a mistake – to do a favour help my younger brother.
Revision:
1 Open the brackets paying attention to the form of the verb after if:
a) If my mother had a crochet hook, c) If we (to have) a Photography Club at our school, we would join it.
she (to make) a table cloth. d) If this painting (to be) brighter, my mother would buy it.
b) If I (to have) enough money, I (to e) If I (can) buy nice wool, I would knit a sweater or jumper for
buy) some artisanship articles. my son.
2 Supposing you found a big piece of gold, say what you would do with it. Work in chain.
VII Writing
1 Correct the mistakes. 2 Describe in writing, in 50 words, the last
artisanship exhibition you had at your
a) Will you make me a favour?
school.
b) You did three mistakes in the word “artisanship”.
3 Imagine you are a reporter interviewing
c) You need a hook to embroider something. the participants of a school artisanship
d) If I would have needles, I would knit a sweater. exhibition that won rewards. Write down
e) If I am an artisan, I would decorate my house myself. the questions you’d like to ask them.
76
LESSON 2 JOBS
I Pronunciation
Does a doctor doctor a doctor according to the
doctored doctor’s doctrine of doctoring?
Or does a doctor doctor a doctor according
to his own doctoring doctrine?
Which of the phrases below will you use when
asking about someone's work? “When work is a pleasure, life is a joy!
When work is a duty, life is slavery.”
Maxim Gorky
– What do you do? – I am a ... .
– What’s your profession? – I work as a ... .
– Where do you work? – I work at a ... .
– Do you like your job? – I really enjoy my job.
– I am a professional.
1 Say if a person can be successful with big things if he/she isn’t successful with small ones. Why?
2 Brainstorm a list of jobs you know.
3 Say what the following jobs deal with: translator, interpreter, secretary, musician, artist/artiste,
sculptor, architect, mechanic.
4 Say which of these qualities are important when choosing a person for a professional job:
experienced patient boaster selfish lazy
liar skilled responsible active honest
determined rude arrogant hardworking
5 Explain the saying “Never do things in halves“ and
the proverb “As you make your bed, so you must lie on it“
6 Comment on the lesson quotation.
IV Vocabulary
Nouns plumber clerk/office worker accountant application (for)

salesman lawyer road sweeper position/vacancy
Verbs to cure to engage to dismiss to deal with
Adjectives full-time part-time hard-working/industrious
skilled/experienced (un) employed
to sow – sowed – sown (sowed) to sew – sewed – sewn (sewed)
77
Unit V LESSON 2 JOBS
2 In pairs, match the words with their definitions:
1. to sow a) to plant the seeds in the garden
2. to dismiss (from) b) a formal written request for a job
3. to employ c) to get rid of somebody, to fire from a job
4. application d) to hire or engage a person for a job
5. advertisment e) to make somebody well again
6. to cure f) a public announcement that tells about an event or a product
3 In groups, fill in the gaps: part-time accountant, mechanics, translator, managing director, interpreters,
office clerks, unemployed, deal with, accountant, plumber.
a) My uncle Steve got a new job as a ... a few weeks c) ... ... usually ... ... documents.
ago. d) The private sector in Moldova gives opportunity to
b) The advertisements in the city newspapers lots of ... people to get new jobs.
announced some vacant positions: a ... ... of a newly e) A newly opened Travel Agency is in need of a ... ...,
built hotel; an ... in the department store; two a ... and two ... .
experienced ... in the Toyota car service Agency.
V Reading
1 Read the text and say if Andrew found a new job.
A NEW JOB
So Andrew had to leave Blaenely in a month. He On the sixth of September
began immediately to look for another position. He Andrew came to Aberalaw. The
read all the advertisements in the newspapers and sent Aberalaw Medical Society was to
many applications to doctors who wanted an assistant, select a new doctor out of seven
but by the end of the second candidates that had sent in their
week, he had received no applications for this position.
answer to his applications. The selected doctor would have
Andrew really began to to work at a coal mine. All seven
worry. candidates had been asked to
Three weeks passed and come.
he almost lost hope to find a Andrew was the third to enter the room of the
job. In the evening of the 30th Committee. About thirty miners filled the room. At
of August he met Denny in a small table in the middle of the room he saw Owen,
the street. the secretary, and Llewelyn, the head doctor. Owen, in
“I’m rather sorry you are going, Manson,” he said. a quiet voice, explained the conditions of work there.
“I want to tell you something. I heard this afternoon Then the miners asked Andrew many questions about
that the Aberalaw Medical Society is looking for a new his work and himself, and then he left the room and
assistant. It is thirty miles from here. Why don’t you the next candidate went in and then the next.
try?” It was over at last. All the candidates were waiting.
“Well, yes,” Andrew agreed slowly. “I may try.” The door opened and Owen invited Manson again.
A few minutes later he walked home to write one
more application. (After A. Cronin)
78
LESSON 2 JOBS
2 Find in the text antonyms for the following words:
to come – morning – old–
to go out – to send – quickly –
to empty – answer – to lose –
to finish – loud – there –
a) When and why did Andrew have to leave Blaenely? e) How many candidates took part in the competition
b) What did Andrew do as to find a new job? for the vacant position in the Aberalaw Medical
c) What did Denny tell Andrew when they met in the Society?
street? f) Who explained the conditions of work?
d) When did Andrew come to Aberalaw? g) What did the miners ask Andrew?
h) Why was he invited again?
VI Grammar
Remember how to use: either [‘aPCB/‘i:CB]; either ... or ...; neither [‘naPCB/‘ni:CB]; neither ... nor ... .
when meaning “one or the other” of the two people or things
a) Either of my two brothers-in-law can do this job. d) Neither of my cousins can get the vacancy, because
b) My brother wants to become either a lawyer or an they are not experienced enough.
engineer. e) Neither the position of an accountant nor of an
c) Either of the jobs is attractive. office worker will suit my uncle.
1 Insert: either, either ... or ... , neither, neither ... nor ... .
a) ... of you two will be engaged in our company. e) ... experienced ... hardworking clerks will be
b) My sister likes ... embroidering ... knitting. dismissed.
c) When Nick was a child he wanted to be ... a f) My aunt is looking ... for a part-time ... a full-time
policeman ... a fireman. job.
d) ... of my grannies can fish. g) If you run after two hares, you will catch ... .
2 Use the grammar above in your own sentences.
VII Writing
1 Write how you think work will change in 50 years.
What new jobs will appear and what jobs will disappear?
2 Write in 50 words the summary of the last two passages of the text.

Do You Know that ...
– when choosing candidates for any particular job, the Americans say, “What can this person do?”;
– the French say, “What qualifications has she/he got?”;
– the British say, “What kind of background has the person got”?
79
Unit V LESSON 3 SPORTS
I Pronunciation
Sporty sorts
in sporty shorts
play all sorts of sporty sports
In what circumstances would you say? “Sports do not build character. They reveal it.”
Haywood Hale Broun
– Do you go in/out for sports? – My favourite sport is ...

– What’s your favourite sport? – I enjoy ...
– What sport do you go in/out for? – I am really good at ...
– I am going in/out for ...
a) What is your favourite sport as a spectator or a participant?
b) What skills and training does it need?
c) What do you think the main benefits of sports are?
d) What distinguished national athletes do you know?
e) What do you know about the last Olympic Games?
f) How do you understand the lesson quote?
IV Vocabulary
Nouns weight-lifting hockey stick sprint puck hang-gliding/water skiing
referee wrestling contest surfing mountaineering/climbing
Verbs to score the victory to even to set records
and Phrases to end in a draw to serve the ball
Adjectives lasting required decisive
2 Match the words with their definitions. Do it in pairs.
1. to serve the ball a) a sport in which two people wrestle and try to throw each other to the ground
2. to even b) person who controls sports competitions
3. contest c) a competition or a game in which people try to win
4. wrestling d) activity of climbing mountains as a sport or hobby
5. event e) any of the races, competitions, etc., arranged as part of a day’s sports
6. mountaineering f) to make equal
7. referee g) to throw the ball up and hit it to start play
80
LESSON 3 SPORTS
3 Fill in the words: scored, sprint, hang-gliding, scored the victory, ended in a draw, set records,
weight lifting, hockey stick, puck, surfing.
a) ... ... has less supporters than football. f) When we were at the sea side last year we used
b) You won’t be able to play hockey without a ... ... and to go in for ... and ... .
a ... . g) A 100 metres ... competition was held at our
c) Their team ... ... ... in the competition. school last month.
d) Champions in different sport events ... new ... every year. h) It was a keen competition and still the game
e) Soon after the game had started Mike ... the first goal. ... ... ... ... .
4 Look at the pictures and say which of the sports you find:
– boring
– expensive
– dangerous
– enjoyable
– exciting
– interesting
– difficult
– wide-spread
– attractive
– elegant
– romantic
81
Unit V LESSON 3 SPORTS
V Reading
1 Read the text and be ready to list which sports fit into different seasons.
Sports has always played an important part in play different games from a young age. There are so
human history. Even in the distant past, people many sports to fit the interests of all kinds of people.
competed in different athletic events to train for the Football, gymnastics, wrestling, boxing, chess, tennis,
military, to represent their clans or their country, or volleyball, basketball and swimming are only a few
simply to show their abilities. Why have sports been so that we can list.
important to human beings? Certainly, we can say that Different sports can also be played at different times
athletics is recreational and pleasurable. At the same of the year. Summer offers excellent opportunities for
time, it makes us healthy and strong. But, sports can cycling, boating, canoeing, hiking, hang gliding and
also help us build relationships with different people. surfing. In winter, where there is a lot of snow, sports
One goal of international sports events is to create such as skiing, skating, tobogganing, hockey and bob-
peace between all people on Earth. sledding are very popular.
To achieve good results or set records at an athletic Whether you like team sports or individual
event, one should start going out for sports from early athletics, there’s something out there for you. Get
childhood. This makes muscles strong and perfects involved, have fun and be a part of history; play
our skills. Most champions begin to run, jump and sports.
2 Answer the questions about the text:
a) When did people start to compete in different sport events and what for?
b) Why should one start to go in for sports from early childhood?
c) What main sports can you list?
d) For what sports do the summer and the winter offer opportunities?
e) Why should the young get involved in doing sports?
3 Make up a plan to summarize the text.
VI Listening
1 Listen to the text. Write information about:
a) international sports c) training requirements
b) when athletes are considered national heroes d) sports in Moldova
VII Grammar
Remember: The Subjunctive Mood in that clauses after the verbs expressing
suggestions, orders, demands, requests etc...
See the Difference
The Indicative Mood The Subjunctive Mood
Our teacher of Physical Education suggested Our teacher of Physical Education suggested that
going in for different kinds of sports. we should go in for different kinds of sports.
The coach insisted on observing certain The coach insisted that players should observe
requirements. certain requirements.
82
LESSON 3 SPORTS
The Sports Committee President ordered The Sports Committee President ordered that
the coaches to prepare everything for the sports the coaches should prepare everything for the sports
competitions. competitions.
Remember:
In that clauses after the verbs order, demand, insist, ask, require, request, suggest, propose, recommend.
should (for all persons) + Infinitive without "to" must be used.
Sometimes in newspapers and official documents the old form of the Subjunctive Mood (without
SHOULD) is used after these verbs.
E.g. The National Sports Committee suggested that the results of the latest competitions be discussed.
1 Work in pairs. Paraphrase the sentences below using should + Infinitive without "to":
a) The team’s captain ordered the players to leave the play-ground.
b) One of the sportsmen suggested resting at a resort on the Black Sea shore.
c) “Let’s arrange a crawling championship”, proposed one of my classmates.
d) Mike suggests running every day.
e) “Iulian must be expelled from the team”, demanded the coach.
f) The coach ordered the players to be at the stadium at 6 a.m.
g) “Schoolchildren must wear trainers at PE lessons”, demanded the teacher.
2 Work as a class. Open the brackets using the Subjunctive Mood.
a) The principal demanded that the pupils (not to be late) for PE lessons.
b) One of the chess-players suggested that the contest (to hold) in Soroca.
c) The referee recommended that the players (to play) correctly during the football match.
d) Some official sports authorities suggested that Hagi (to coach) the national football team.
e) The coaches always insist that the athletes (to meet) the strict requirements.
VIII Writing
1 Do Exercise 2 (V) in writing.
2 Form derivatives from the words given bellow using the suffixes
-ive, -tion, -ion, -ment, -able, -al, -ty:
compete achieve represent require
nation educate physic favour
decide antique honour
3 Arrange the words to make up sentences.
a) players, of, scored, The, opponent, the, team, goals, four, won, so, they, the game.
b) score, number, goals, of, When, in, match, a, say, we, the, teams, same, the, draw, it’s, a.
c) basketball, won, The, team, competition, they, been, trained, had, the, because, such, by, good, a, coach.
d) countries, bring, Gifted, fame, sportsmen, and, honour, their, to.
4 Write a paragraph in 50 words about the first Olympic Games.
83
Unit V LESSON 4 COMPASSION AND EMPATHY
I Pronunciation
If all good people were clever,
And all clever people were good, “Charity begins
The world would be nicer than ever ... at home”
W. Wordsworth (proverb)
Which of the phrases below will you use in certain situations when consoling someone?
– Don’t get upset. – Let me reassure you about...
– Please, take it easy. – Don’t worry, please!
– Please, relax. – There’s really no reason to ...
– It is not as bad as you think.

1 As a class, discuss what charity means.
2 Speak about the charitable acts you know or you have taken part in.
3 Try to explain the difference between physical and mental handicap.
IV Vocabulary
Nouns handicap ability empathy Braille (system)
lack/shortage disability sympathy crutch
deficiency compassion charity dot
Adjectives deaf blind dumb
deprived severe
2 Work in pairs. Replace the underlined words in the sentences with one of the words below:
disability, handicap, crutch, ability, compassion, severe.
a) In spite of her mental deficiencies, she manages to do a good job.
b) You feel pity when looking at people with physical disabilities.
c) After an accident he temporarily lost his walking capacity.
d) My cousin broke his leg; so he used a support when walking.
e) He has been suffering from a serious illness since his childhood.
84
LESSON 4 COMPASSION AND EMPATHY
1. deprived a) someone who is completely unable to speak; mute
2. shortage b) someone who is unable to hear anything
3. lack c) someone who cannot see because his eyes are damaged
4. charity d) a system of printing for blind people
5. empathy e) a very small round mark; point
6. dot f) the ability to share another person’s feelings as if they were your own
7. Braille g) kind and generous attitude
8. blind h) not enough or not at all
9. deaf i) not enough
10. dumb j) kept from having things
4 In groups, share your knowledge on the Braille System and sign language.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
P Q R S T U V W X Y Z and for of the
BRAILLE CHARACTERS
V Reading
1 Read the text and try to answer the questions in the first paragraph.
If I can stop one heart from breaking,
I shall not live in vain;
If I can ease one life from aching,
Or cool one pain ...
I shall not live in vain.
Emily Dickenson (1830–1886)
By nature, we are all born to live a happy life on

earth and enjoy it. Unfortunately, there are children
who can not enjoy life as you can. Have you ever
thought that the possibility to walk, to see, to hear, to
talk and to think is a real gift? Do you know that among
your peers there are children who are not able to share
all the above abilities? Perhaps you happened to see a Each state provides equal rights for its citizens, and
mother holding a blind child by his hand or children the right to education is one of them. Do you know
walking on crutches. Did it touch your feelings? Did that blind and deaf children and those with speech and
you meditate over it or pass by indifferently? We all mental deficiencies also go to school as you do? All
must not be indifferent, and should have a special schools for children with physical deficiencies arrange
attitude towards handicapped children. schooling according to the existing curriculum.
1
peers [‘pPBz] (n). – semeni
85
Unit V LESSON 4 COMPASSION AND EMPATHY
a) Why shouldn’t people be indifferent towards children with physical deficiencies?
b) What rights does each state provide for its citizens?
c) How is the existing curriculum fulfilled in schools for children with physical deficiencies?
3 Comment on the epigraph of the text.
4 Think and give an appropriate title to the text. Brainstorm ideas. Choose the best one.
VI Listening
1 Listen to the text and answer the questions below:
a) What system are blind children taught? e) Who attends auxiliary schools?
b) What is it like? How is it used? f) What should our society do for children with
c) What language are deaf children taught? physical deficiencies?
d) What is it made up of?
VII Grammar
Remember:
HOMONYMS
are words having the same spelling and sound but different meanings and origin.
e. g. well (adj/adv) (good, successfully) well (n) hole, (oil) well; (v) to flow, to jet
All is well with While digging the well (n) water
her family. suddenly welled (v) out.
HOMOPHONES HOMOGRAPHS
are words having the same sound but are words having the same spelling but
different spelling and meaning understood different sound and meaning
from the context
e. g. e. g. (v) tear [tKB] – (n) tear [tïB]
by – buy nose – knows e. g.: a) Mother saw tears on his face.
tale – tail meet – meat b) Be careful not to tear your dress on that nail.
1 Find in the text the homophones for the following words:
sea, no, bee, here, four, won, write, buy/bye.
2 Give the meanings of the following. Consult a dictionary.
• homonyms: chest [täest] • homographs:
ring [rPH] [ri:d] [klBuz] ['dezBt] (n.)
read close desert
race [rePs] [red] [klBus] [dP'zB:t] (v.)
VIII Writing
1 Make up 6 sentences using homonyms, homophones and homographs.
2 Imagine you are rich and want to help physically and intellectually handicapped people.
Write how you would do it.
86
LESSON 5 FLORA AND FAUNA
I Pronunciation
Three grey geese

In a green field grazing,
Grey were the geese
And green was the grazing.
II Conversational Formulas “Flowers are the sweetest things that God ever made,
Say in which situations you will use the and forgot to put a soul into.”
following phrases: Henry Ward Beecher
– Can someone tell me ...? – I’d be very interested to know ...

– I wish I knew ... – I wish someone would tell me about ...
– If only I knew ... – I’d like to know ...
– I wish I knew more about ...

1 As a class discuss about the major environmental problems in the world.
a) What environmental campaign groups exist in our country? What are their names. What kind of activities are
they involved in?
b) Are you a member of such a group? Why? Why not?
c) What do you think the best way to protect endangered species is? (Refer to both flora and fauna).
3 As a class, share ideas about the meaning of the lesson quotation.
IV Vocabulary
Nouns poplar acacia lark sparrow
maple crocus woodpecker swan
willow swallow nightingale quail
linden (Br.E.)/lime (Am.E.) blue tit eagle
Verbs to revive to rustle to wander to rim
2 Find in the box above the words that mean:
a) a small plant with yellow, white or purple flowers in spring.
b) a tree that has long, narrow leaves.
c) a small bird with blue head, wings and tail and a yellow breast.
d) a small bird that sings especially at night.
e) a large water bird with a long graceful neck.
f) a tree with heart-shaped and sweet-smelling flowers.
87
Unit V LESSON 5 FLORA AND FAUNA
3 Work in groups. Match the words with their definitions:
1. woodland a) a plant with blue bell-shaped flowers
2. bluebell b) wild animals and birds
3. crocus c) land covered with woods
4. view d) a small, white, yellow or purple flower grown in the gardens in the early spring
5. to breed e) a line of ground that people walk along
6. wildlife f) a scenery, panorama
7. path g) to raise (animals)
4 Work in pairs to identify the names of the birds in the pictures below and give as much information
as possible about them.
88
LESSON 5 FLORA AND FAUNA
5 Insert the missing words: willows, eagles, maple, wander, to revive, linden, larks, rustling, poplar, ash,
nightingales, acacia, swallows, quail, woodpecker.
a) He used to ... in the hills last summer. g) The alleys in the park were lined with ... .
b) The government has to do the best ... the polluted h) ... and ... are the first birds to come from the South
environment. in spring.
c) A pleasant ... blossom smell could be distinguished i) A great number of birds like owls, ..., ... are
at a distance. disappearing nowadays because of the polluted
d) When walking through the park they could hear environment.
the ... of the tree leaves. j) The ... is a wild little bird like a hen that is often seen
e) Lots of people dislike the ... in blossom as it is very in the steppes of Moldova.
allergenic. k) The ..., with its long sharp beak, destroys lots of
f) They say that the free areas in Moldova’s Codri will harmful insects, doesn’t it?
be planted with ..., ... and ... trees.
V Reading
1 Scan the text and say why Crystal loved the ranch and its surroundings so much.
The birds were already calling to each other in the for the land, for the rich brown earth, and the thick
early morning stillness1 of the Alexander Valley, as the green grass that carpeted the hills in the spring-time.
sun rose slowly over the hills. The leaves on the trees Now she seemed to commune silently with spirits
rustled gently in the breeze as Crystal, a girl of fifteen, only she knew were there. She watched the tall grass
stood still in the damp grass, watching the brilliant rustle softly in the breeze and felt the warmth of the
sky. For brief moments, the birds stopped singing. sun shine down on her wheat-coloured hair. And she
Almost as though they, too, were in awe2 of the valley’s began to sing softly. Then she suddenly began to run,
beauty. There were grassy fields, surrounded by hills pressing the damp grass beneath4 her feet. She headed
where their cattle wandered, grazing. Crystal loved toward the river. She sat on a smooth gray rock, feeling
the ranch not for what it brought them, but for what the icy water dance over her feet as she watched the
it was. Every inch3 of her soul loved the ranch, and sunlight reach the rocks. She loved watching the
this valley. She had inherited her father’s passion sun rise, loved running in the fields; she loved just
1
stillness [‘stPlnPs] n. – tihnă being there. She knew there was no one to watch her
2
awe [A:] n. – admiraţie standing gracefully in the stream.
3
inch [PntE] n. – ţol, inci(e) 2,54 cm
4
beneath [bP'ni:J] adv. – mai jos (After Danielle Steel)
2 Work independently. Find in the text antonyms for the following words:
late – long – ugliness – to hate – stopped –
quickly – noise – cold – poor – under –
3 Find in the text lines that describe:
– the morning stillness;
– Crystal’s love for her father’s ranch;
– Crystal’s love for the picturesque landscape surrounding her.
4 In pairs, ask questions on the text.
89
Unit V LESSON 5 FLORA AND FAUNA
5 Read the text again and suggest possible title variants. As a class choose the best one.
6 Summarize the text; be detailed when describing nature.
7 Say if you happened to admire the beauty of nature in a similar way. When? Where? How was it?
VI Grammar
Remember: EXCLAMATIONS
COMPARE
What a nice bird! (countable) or How nice the bird is! What nice birds! (countable) or How nice the birds are!
but: What dull weather! (uncountable) or How dull What news! (uncountable) or How interesting the
the weather is! news is!
1 Fill in with a, an, or –.
a) What ... deep valley! f) What ... nice parrots! k) What ... rich flora and fauna!
b) What ... picturesque hills! g) What ... fresh air! l) What ... attractive surroundings!
c) What ... brilliant sky! h) What ... tall trees! m)What ... poor vegetation!
d) What ... grassy field! i) What ... graceful swan! n) What ... beautiful nature!
e) What ... smooth rock! j) What ... polluted environment! o) What ... ugly animal!
2 Change the sentences above using "How"
VII Writing
1 Do ex. 1 (VI) in writing.
2 Fill in the missing prepositions.
... early spring days, when nature is awakening ... the trees singing their songs. The squirrels, climbing
... its winter sleep, I prefer going ... different parks ... up and down the trees or jumping ... branch ... branch,
my city. First I walk ... a while, then I usually sit ... a arouse my admiration. It’s a pleasure to admire nature,
bench and admire the trees which start getting green. it’s a relaxation afterwards. It is here, ... the park, that I
I happen to see different species ... birds sitting high up meet my old friends and make new ones.
3 Continue the story below.
It happened in the second half of July when my admire the picturesque landscape surrounding us.
father, my elder brother and I decided to go to the woods What pleasure it was to enjoy the blue tits’ and black-
and gather mushrooms there. It was a hot summer day. birds’ singing! What a symphony of birds’ calling to
On reaching the woods, we sat in the shade under a big each other you could hear in the quiet woods!
oak tree. It was a marvellous place from which we could But soon...

Believe It or Not
– The woodcock is the only bird that can sing without using its throat. It sings by vibrating its feathers.
– The wolf, a symbol of ferocity, is the most affectionate parent in the animal world.
90
LESSON 6 TRAVELLING
I Pronunciation
a) The three thirty train to Tooting tootled
through the tunnel.
b) Summer’s season slowly stretches,
Susan Slocum she.
So she signed some simple sketches –
Soul sought soul successfully.
“The world is a book. Do those who
II Conversational Formulas do not travel read only a page?”
Use the phrases below in microdialogues when St. Augustine
verifying the information:
– Do you like travelling? – Yes, very much.
– Where are you going this summer? – I like travelling by ...
– How long are you going to ... ? – We'll go to ...
– Have a good trip! – We are going by ...
– Thanks a lot.
1 Working in a chain, answer the question: Why do people travel?
2 In pairs, speak about advantages and disadvantages of travelling by different means of transport.
3 As a class, speak about the countries you have visited.
4 Say if any incidents happened to you while travelling. If yes, tell about them. (Say who, where, how,
when, what...).
5 In groups, plan a trip.
6 Comment on the lesson quote.
IV Vocabulary
Nouns carriage compartment car single/one way ticket
air hostess inquiry office return ticket
porthole left-luggage office
porter berth
Verbs to board to deliver to fasten safety-belts
and Phrases to depart to check in/out
to miss to see off
2 Match the words with their definition. Do it in pairs.

1. to board (a train) a) to get on
2. compartment car b) to pay the bill and leave the hotel one has been living in
3. carriage c) to leave
4. to depart d) one of the separate sections of a train that carries passengers
5. to check in e) one of the separate sections of a carriage
6. to check out f) a bed in a boat, train, or a caravan
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Unit V LESSON 6 TRAVELLING
7. porter g) a person whose job is to carry things, luggage
8. berth h) to fill in the necessary forms before staying at a hotel or to show one’s ticket
before going on a flight
3 Fill in the missing words: left-luggage office, porthole, to catch, air hostess, missed, see off, safety belts,
single, to fasten.
a) During his flight Ionuţ could admire but silver d) The tourists left their suit-cases in the ... ... ... and
clouds through the ... . went to make a tour round the city.
b) “If you want ... ... the 6 o’clock train you’ll have to e) The ... ... asked the passengers ... ... their ... .
get up early in the morning,” said mother. f) The passengers asked the inquiry officer if they
c) Although he got up rather early he ... the train. could book ... tickets.
g) My father went to ... ... our friends from London.
4 Work in pairs. Add suffixes or prefixes to the words on the topic, suggested by your deskmate
to form new parts of speech.
V Reading and Speaking

1 Read the text.
AN UNFORGETTABLE TRIP
be observed there. Radu’s friend also came to see the
travellers off. A porter helped the Drăgans carry the
luggage into the compartment. Soon they all got on
the train and occupied their comfortable seats. Radu
chose the upper berth. The train started on time.
The tourists were in their highest spirits. The train
left Chişinău and headed towards Ungheni. The trip
itself was exciting from the very beginning. Soon the
tourists took pleasure in watching the orchards and
vineyards stretching over the countryside hills. The
family couldn’t help admiring the Cornești region
hills covered with green grass and woods, easily
The Drăgans decided to travel to the Carpathian distinguishing high oak, linden, elm and ash trees.
mountains. Radu, the Drăgans’ younger son, was Farther on, the sunflower and corn fields extending
excited to hear the news. No words could express northward; the green plains and meadows, with cattle
his enthusiasm. This time, travelling by train was grazing, remained to the south-west. The journey
chosen so as to have the opportunity to admire the wasn’t tiring at all.
picturesque landscapes of the country. Some days It took the travellers almost a whole day to reach
prior to the journey, father booked return tickets for Piatra Neamţ, a small town situated at the foot of
a tourist train. the Carpathians. The beauty of this town and its
The family arrived at the railway station just before surroundings can be compared to that of a pearl.
departure. People were in a hurry. Some fuss1 could Naturally, this beauty couldn’t but fascinate the
1
fuss [fDs] n. – forfotă, agitație travelling family.
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LESSON 6 TRAVELLING
2 Work in pairs. Find in the text words that mean:
chance – to lead – before – to get to –
to enjoy – cuisine – leaving (n) – journey –
to notice – area – to buy in advance –
3 Work independently. Find in the text lines about:
a) the family choice for travelling; e) the pleasure the family had;
b) the departure; f) the Corneşti region;
c) the weather; g) the fields and animals;
d) the route they headed;
4 Work in groups. Ask questions on the text.
5 Summarize each of the paragraphs.
VI Listening
1 Listen to the second part of the text and correct the statements:
a) the train started to Bacău c) the next day the train left Brașov
b) nothing but sea was in the travellers’ view d) every day Radu got to the top of the very steep mount.
2 Listen to the text again and say how you understand the phrases:
a) ... and, what was worse; b) ... , which annoyed ... .
3 Prove that the family’s stay in Brașov was enjoyable.
VII Grammar
Remember: The difference in the meaning of the adverb “naturally” which depends on
its place in the sentences:
The boy imitated the bird’s trilling so naturally Naturally, all those who travel usually have
that I couldn’t notice any difference in sound. exciting adventures.
1 Make up dialogues using the word naturally in both meanings.

2 Insert the phrase ... and, what was worse, or ... which annoyed ... .
a) Victor lost his way in the woods ... , ... ... ... it was getting dark.
b) The thought ... ... mother was the long over sea trip she had to take.
c) Annie was in a hurry to the railway station ... , ... ... ... there was no taxi to catch.
d) Sandu’s mountaineering, ... ... father, was not only useless but dangerous as well.
VIII Writing
1 Describe in writing your last journey mentioning:
a) when it happened; d) the people you went with;
b) where you travelled to; e) the places you visited;
c) means of transport you used; f) your impressions about the journey.
2 Write, in dialogue form, a conversation in which three friends argue about how they should travel
to a distant place, each of them suggesting different means of transport.
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Unit V ROUND UP 5
I Let's Talk
1 Work with the text given below:
a) In pairs, arrange the fragments in logical order.
b) Paraphrase one of the passages at the teacher’s choice
“SCULPTURE IS МУ DESTINY”
The sculptor finds his inspiration in different historical events and in
personal feelings and then expresses it in stone sculptures. We can firmly
state he has brought history to art. This is a talent given to Iurie Canaşin by
God, a talent to do something for other people.
Iurie Canaşin is a well-known sculptor in Moldova. He has created
a lot of remarkable monuments in Chişinău. Among them is “Requiem
Dragostei” that is dedicated to famous, and dear to us all, Doina and Ion
Aldea-Teodorovici who died tragically in 1992.
It is not easy to be a plastic artist and really create wonderful monuments.
It means you have to live for your people, for their destiny, and sculpt it in
history.
When at the University, he thought of becoming an artist, but then
made a self-discovery which showed him a real way to art, his art for life.
He became a sculptor who lives and
creates for people. In all his works
one can read the message, “Living
among people created by the same
Divine Hand, the main subject I’m
passionate for is Jesus Christ – the
son of God; who came to save and
Requiem Dragostei make us more generous.” Iu. Canaşin and E. Doga
2 Give the names of the chess

pieces given below in your
native language.
knight
castle or rook
queen
bishop
king
pawn
94
ROUND UP 5
3 Brainstorm ways of solving disabled people’s problems.
4 Tell your Artisanship Club visitors what you do, how you make different things and what you use
when working.
5 Say and comment if it is a pleasure to hear:
a) the leaves rustling in the trees; c) the rain beating on the roof of your house after
b) the birds singing; long dry weather;
6 Explain the proverb “He, that travels far,
d) the waves rolling on to the shore of a sea;
knows much“. e) the buzz of the bees flying from flower to flower.
II Grammar
1 Put the verbs in the brackets in their correct tense form.
a) If the weather (to be) nice tomorrow, we’ll go for a walk.
b) When we came into the woods, the birds of different species (to sing).
c) Before Nick (to go) to the stadium, he (to do) his homework.
d) My friend said he (to visit) the most beautiful places in Valea Oltului.
e) Alice asked Nick if the school Artisanship Exhibition (to hold) every year.
f) My cousin wondered if I (to go) to the Eminescu Theatre the next day.
g) The PE teacher said our sportsmen (to set) new records at the previous competitions.
h) The announcer said the sports reportings (to broadcast) two days later.
i) Some Environment Ministry workers mentioned that fauna and flora of Moldova (to be) in a deplorable state.
j) If you (to visit) our English Classroom you would observe lots of interesting and useful things in it.
k) While Victor (to run), his friend Nellu (to play) tennis.
l) When I (to enter) the English Classroom I saw a lot of sophisticated equipment in it.
2 Open the brackets using the Subjunctive Mood after the verbs:
suggest, demand, propose, recommend, insist.
a) The teacher of Nature Studies suggested that we
(to help) people keep our parks, lakes, rivers and d) Mother recommended that the family (to go) for a
woods clean. picnic in the woods on the bank of the Nistru river
b) My friend Sorin proposed that we (to feed) the in Vadul-lui-Vodă.
starving birds in cold winter season. e) The city authorities demanded that drivers (to look
c) The government demands that the landowners after) their cars and not pollute the air.
(to introduce) less herbicides and pesticides into f) The forester insisted that the campers (to leave) the
the soil. picnic place clean.
3 Change the sentences to express unreal condition.
Example: If I am healthier, I’ll go in for different sports.
– If I were healthier, I would go in for different sports.
a) If Andrew has talent, he will create pieces of art.
b) What will people do, if flora and fauna are endangered?
c) Will your father get upset if he is dismissed?
d) What will happen to our environment if people don’t protect it?
e) Will you be able to talk to the deaf if you learn the sign language?
f) If you are not very busy, will you travel to the USA?
95
End-of-Book ROUND UP
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
I Let's Talk
1 Look at the picture and name all parts of the body you know.
2 Name all kinds of footwear/clothes and their colours.

3 Name various professions you know.
4 Imagine you have to lay an Easter holiday table. Name the things you need.
– dishes – food – drinks
5 Make up a network on the topic Family.
distant relatives
blood relatives
family
chores
entertainment
96
6 Name:
– the highest mountain;
– the most important river and seaport;
– the largest cities;
– the population;
– holidays and traditions;
– the most famous lakes;
– the most famous universities;
– the places of interest in London;
– what waters wash the country.
7 Comment on the pictures below:
8 Brainstorm a list of seaport cities in the world.

9 Think of either a famous person, or someone you know personally who has overcome difficulties
and made a success of their lives. Say how he/she has done it and what he/she has achieved.
10 Speak about two traditions in our country that visitors from abroad could enjoy.
11 Comment on the quotation “A friend to all is a friend to none”. Do you agree or disagree with it?
Why/why not?
8 Name different types of houses people live in. 12 Name:

9 Say what made American films most popular a) historical figures of our country;
with the audience. b) famous sportsmen of our country and from
10 Name all famous cinema stars you know.
abroad;
c) birds and trees;
11 Rhyme four lines dedicated to: d) places of interest in Chişinău.
a) your mother;
b) your school.
97
II Grammar
1 Choose the right verb form:
a) My trousers are/is too tight. d) Scales is/are used for weighing things.
b) My jeans are/is old and holed. e) The police is/are coming.
c) Those glasses is/are his. f) Where (are/is) the money?
2 Use active or passive voice in the sentences below:

a) Children usually (to visit) museums, churches, and d) Which English book (to translate) now?
theatres at weekends. e) John, why are you walking? – You see, my car
b) Corina’s new friend (to invite) also to the party. (to repair).
c) Who (to drive) the car? f) His shoes (to repair) tomorrow.
3 Report the sentences:
a) Granny said, “Don’t forget about grandpa’s h) Denis said, “My father was born in 1980.”
birthday.” i) Andy said, “I have bought a nice present for my
b) Lorry said, “Mum cooked tasty pies yesterday.” parents.”
c) Vlad said, “Why didn’t you come to my birthday j) Grandpa said, “Let’s begin the party.”
party last Sunday, Lena?” i) Alex said, “Don’t eat spicy food, Olimpia.”
d) Marius said, “What were you celebrating when I m)Sandu said, “John had studied our traditions before
came in?” coming to Moldova.”
e) Marcus said, “Where will you celebrate your Golden n) Sorin said, “We are decorating the house at the
Jubilee?” moment.”
f) Anna said “I am sure we will have a nice time at the o) Inga said, “My parents prefer to celebrate their
party tomorrow.” birthdays at home.”
g) Sanda said, “I will be receiving guests at this time
tomorrow.”
4 The sentences below contain present simple tense verbs.
Define the kind of action they express: general truth or repeated action.
a) After the ceremony the bride throws back her veil. c) Lamb is an Easter favourite food in many countries.
b) The following Sunday after Good Friday is Easter. d) “What is there in my stocking, I wonder?” every
child thinks on Christmas night.
5 Ask questions to the underlined words.
a) New Year’s Day usually marks the start of a new year. e) On Easter Sunday people go to church to bless
b) Mother’s Day is an important holiday in our family. Easter cakes and eggs.
c) It was very nice to be present at our grandparents’ f) On Halloween children dress as ghosts and witches.
golden wedding anniversary. g) My friend’s sister got married last Sunday.
a) Greg said, “Let’s have some chocolates.” c) Cristina said, “Have some more juice, Sandu.”
b) Alina said, “Andrew, don’t forget to buy a cake for d) Dad said, “Don’t drink cold water, Gabi.”
Nadya’s birthday.” e) Mum said, “Nastea, put the pie into the oven, please.”
98
7 Change into Indirect Speech:
a) Meg said, “Mr. Lourence watches us like a motherly f) Dad said, “Why didn’t you help your little sister
old hen.” yesterday?”
b) Mum said, “Does Hanna treat Meg with respect?” g) Granny said, “I will not tell our secret to anyone.”
c) She said, “Did you give my dearest love to your h) Ann said, “My little brother looks sober when mum
mum?” is out.”
d) He said, “My nephew graduated from Bălţi i) Paul said, “My parents don’t scold me when I make
University.” mistakes.”
e) She said, “I think my mum will be proud of her
daughter.”
8 Report the following sentences:
a) She said, “Has your mum bought you a new hat?” f) Pete said, “The secretary had not typed the
b) They said, “We haven’t learned to sew buttons yet.” announcement on time.”
c) He said, “I have met him before the meeting.” g) John said, “Our firm has not engaged a new lawyer
d) Silvia said, “I had tried the new blouse on before yet.”
I bought it.” h) The students said, “Had you equipped the classroom
e) She said, “Why has your sister changed her job?” before the school year started?”
9 Work in pairs. Report the following:

a) Pete said, “I am doing my homework now.” g) He said, “What music were you listening to when I
b) The teacher said, “Is he coming to school today?” came in?”
c) She said, “Will you be travelling at this moment on h) Father said, “I won’t be having a rest when you
Sunday?” come home, Bob.”
d) Tom said, “Mum, I am not telling lies.” i) My sister said, “Why was your new friend acting
e) He said, “What were you doing at 900 last night?” that way?”
f) She said, “When I come home my sister will be j) The boys said, “We are not quarrelling, we are
playing a new game.” discussing a new project.”
10 Open the brackets using Present Perfect Progressive or Past Perfect Progressive.
a) The mechanic (to install) the new equipment in our d) Adrian says they (to furnish) the house for five
laboratory for the last ten days. days.
b) When the supervisor came to the construction site, e) Diana wants to know for how long her friend (to
the builders (to work) for half an hour. read) the book.
c) When I came home my sister (to sleep) for two hours.
11 Paraphrase the sentences using the verb “wish” and “if”.
Example: It’s a pity I can’t go to the cinema tonight.
I wish I could go to the cinema tonight.
If I could go to the cinema tonight, I would enjoy the new film.
a) It’s a pity I can’t go to the cinema tonight. d) I am sorry I can’t practise English every day.
b) It’s a pity I am not a cinema star. e) She is sorry she won’t have a party
c) What a pity I don’t know Spanish. tomorrow.
99
LISTENING SUPPLEMENT SCRIPTS
SCRIPTS
Unit I LESSON 4
MR. ROCHESTER’S VISITORS
It was a mild, quiet spring day – one of those at the Lady Lynn was a large, stout woman of about 40.
end of March and beginning of April. The guests were She was very straight and richly dressed in a satin
expected to arrive on Thursday afternoon. All work dress. Her dark hair shone brightly.
had been completed the previous evening. Mrs. Colonel Dent was less showy, but, I thought,
Thursday afternoon arrived; Mrs. Fairfax put on more lady-like. She had a slight figure, a pale, gentle
her best black satin dress, her gloves, and her gold face, and fair hair.
watch, for it was her duty to receive the company, to But, the three most distinguished – partly,
conduct the ladies to their rooms and halls. perhaps because they were the tallest figures of the
A joyous noise was heard in the hall. There were company – were the Dowager Lady Ingram and
only eight people; yet somehow, as they entered, they her daughters Blanche and Mary. Lady Ingram was
gave the impression of a much larger number. Some of between 40 and 50. Her figure was still fine; her hair
them were very tall; many were dressed in white. (by candlelight at least) still black; her teeth, too,
First, there was Mrs. Eshton and two of her were still perfect. Most people would have said she
daughters. She had evidently been a handsome was a splendid woman of her age. She had a fierce and
woman, and still looked good. Of her daughters, the a hard eye. She swallowed her words while speaking,
eldest, Amy, was rather little, naive, and childlike in and her voice was deep.
face and manner, wearing a white thin cotton dress. Blanche and Mary were of equal stature: straight
The second, Louisa, was taller and more elegant in and tall as poplars. Mary was too slim for her height,
figure, with a very pretty face. Both sisters were fair but Blanche was moulded like a Diana.
as lilies.
LESSON 5
Mrs. Ciobanu: Good morning!
Shop Assistant: Hello. How can I help you?
Mrs. Ciobanu: I need to get a new pair of shoes.
Shop Assistant: Certainly. What kind of shoes would you prefer, madam?
Mrs. Ciobanu: I’m looking for a pair of low-heeled walking shoes for work. I have rather small feet.
Shop Assistant: I see. Here is a pair that should be your size. Try them on.
Mrs. Ciobanu: These are a little tight. Could you show me another pair, a size bigger?
Shop Assistant: Here you are. Will these do?
Mrs. Ciobanu: This pair is much better. I’ll take them. How much are they?
Shop Assistant: Come this way, and I’ll get that information for you.
100
Unit II LESSON 1
THE MYSTERIOUS CASE OF THE GINGER TWINS
When the twins Tim and Tom were born, their think of a family member with red hair. It was clear
mother and father and grandparents were really very that the twins had their father’s distinctive chin and
happy, but they were also a little puzzled. You see, nose. Also, from their first viewing, all the relatives
Tim and Tom were born into a dark-haired Irish commented on how the boys had their mother’s eyes
family. Their parents both had coal black hair. Their and dimples. But, they also joked that the twins had
grandparents also used to have heads of thick black been kissed by a leprechaun1, and that was the reason
hair. Now, their grandparents’ hair was turning silver. for their bright red hair.
In fact, all the uncles, aunts and cousins in the family After seeing the boys, their great uncle Bill went
had very dark thick black hair. In Ireland, people with home to look through old photos. There, he discovered
black hair and dark eyes are called “black Irish,” and a picture of a distant relative: the sister of the twins’
this is often a sign of beauty. great grandmother, Aunt Lizzie. Her picture was in
Their relatives, who visited them in the hospital, black and white, but it was clear that her hair was
immediately thought that Tim and Tom were just cute lighter than her sister’s.
as a button. But, everyone was at a loss as to why they No one can tell for sure if great, great Aunt Lizzie
had full heads of bright red hair. Though there is no was a ginger, but the family was happy to say that the
lack of redheads, or “gingers,” in Ireland, no one could mystery was solved.
1
leprechaun ['leprB'kA:n] n. – spiriduș, în folclorul irlandez
LESSON 2
So, there we were in the church; everyone gathered up. Then he would doze off again. Samantha, who is
for the big event – the wedding of my older brother younger than me, kept pointing at him and giggling.
Chuck and his soon-to-be wife Karen. I had a perfect Except for the heat, everything was going very well.
view of the entire event because I was standing up The priest was talking too long about love and family,
in front in a fancy suit as one of the groomsmen. and that’s when it happened! I saw Uncle Phillip, who
The church was really hot, and I could see several of was the Best Man, begin to collapse as his knees bent.
the other guys sweating. The women were fanning But, instead of falling forward, he fell to the side, and
themselves and trying to stay cool. all the other groomsmen, except me, fell over like
I couldn’t believe how many family members bowling pins. My new sister-in-law, Karen screamed,
showed up for this event. Both of our grandmothers threw her hands up, and let go of the bridal bouquet
were there; Dad’s two sisters, Mom’s two brothers, all which flew through the air and hit Aunt Phyllis right in
of their kids, a bunch of cousins from Mom’s side of the the face. Aunt Phyllis fell backwards with her hands in
family, and even my great aunt Phyllis (who had never the air and slapped Clark right in his face, waking him
married, but always seemed to be at family weddings) up suddenly. He must have been dreaming about the
were all present. military, because he jumped up and shouted, “They’re
Of course my two sisters, Barbara and Samantha, coming boys! This is it!” The entire church, filled with
were there. Barbara’s husband, my brother-in-law relatives and friends, started laughing.
Clark, who is in the military and just returned from Everyone wants their wedding day to be
overseas, was really sleepy and his eyes kept closing memorable, and that was a day that we would never
while his head fell, and that would sort of wake him forget: the wedding that ended with a war.
101
LESSON 3
AT THE BUCURIA CONFECTIONERY
Shop Assistant: Can I help you?
Customer: Yes, please. I’m having a party tonight. What can you offer for dessert?
Shop Assistant: That’s my pleasure. There’s a great variety: cookies, various cakes, chocolates, sweets, toffees1,
wafers2 and muffins3.
Customer: That’s great. Then I’d like a chocolate cake. By the way, how much is it?
Shop Assistant: It’s 134 lei. Anything else?
Customer: Yes, sure. How much are those chocolates?
Shop Assistant: Sorry. Do you mean Moldova? They are 90 lei.
Customer: Fine, two boxes, please.
Shop Assistant: Is that all?
Customer: Of course, not. We are a lot tonight. 1 kg of wafers and some kinds of toffees, be so kind. How
much is that?
Shop Assistant: Just a minute, please. 134 and 90 plus 50 lei, toffees and wafers ... 274 lei please.
Customer: Here you are! Thank you, good bye.
2 3
1
toffee ['tOfP] n. – caramelă wafer ['wNfB] n. – gofră, vafă muffin ['mDfPn] n. – brioș
Unit III LESSON 1

Part 1 - Scotland Part 3 – Northern Ireland
Scotland has both highlands and lowlands. The Northern Ireland occupies one sixth of the
highlands are among the oldest mountains in the territory of the UK. The population of Northern
world. The highest mountain in Scotland is Ben Nevis Ireland is 1.81 million people, and its capital is Belfast.
(1,347 meters high). There are a lot of valleys and lakes Although English is the most common language in
in this region, and the best known lake is Loch Ness. Northern Ireland, the government recognizes two
The main rivers in Scotland are the Clyde and the Tay minor languages as well: Irish and Ulster Scots.
in the west, and the Forth and the Tweed in the east.
The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh, and it is the Part 4 – Government of the UK
cultural centre of the country. But, the biggest city The UK is a constitutional monarchy. The official
in Scotland is Glasgow. It’s an industrial city and an head of the State is the King or Queen, but the power
important port in the UK. of the monarch is limited by Parliament which is made
up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
Part 2 – Wales The members of the House of Commons are elected.
Wales is a highland country of old, hard rocks. The British people elect 650 members of the House of
North Wales has mountains and deep valleys. South Commons every five years. The members of the House
Wales is a land of high hills. Welsh and English are of Lords are not elected; they are appointed. These
both official languages in Wales. The population members are permanent, and are often aristocrats,
of Wales is over 3 million people. About 66% of the people of the church, lawyers and former politicians.
people of Wales live in urban districts. The capital of The head of the Government is the Prime Minister,
Wales is Cardiff. who is the leader of the party in power.
102
LESSON 2
HORATIO NELSON
Nelson was a skilful and fearless commander en- the flagship. Nelson, standing on the deck1 of the
joying great love and devotion from the men who ship, at a moment, a musket ball (glonte de flintă/
served under him. They respected Nelson so much мушкетная пуля), fired from a French ship, struck
that they were ready to die for him. He used to take him and pierced one of his lungs. He was mortally
calculated risks and never failed. wounded and died a few hours later. Before he died
H. Nelson fought for England for the last time he realized his naval forces had won a great victory.
in 1805, as Commander-in-Chief of the British na- And that brought him fame.
val forces confronting France and Spain at Cape In his memory, a tall column with Nelson’s statue
Trafalgar (capul Trafalgar/мыс Трафальгар), the on its top stands in Trafalgar Square in London.
most south-westerly point of Spain. Under Nelson’s Nelson was buried in the Crypt of St. Paul’s
indication, the well known sign: “England expects Cathedral.
that every man ought to do his duty” was put up on
1
deck [dek] n. – punte
LESSON 3
SINGAPORE
Singapore is an island city-state off the southern Climate. Singapore has a tropical climate with no
tip of the MALAY PENINSULA, 137 km north of distinctive seasons, uniform temperature and pres-
equator. It consists of 63 islands with total land area sure, high humidity, and abundant rainfall. About 23%
of 704 km2. The first records of settlement in Sin- of Singapore’s land area consists of forest and nature
gapore are from the 2nd century AD. Singapore is a reserves. Urbanization has eliminated many areas of
name of both the city and country that constitutes a former primary rainforest.
single municipality. Tourism in Singapore. Singapore is a famous travel
Singapore became a British colony on August 2, destination, making tourism one of its largest indus-
1824. By 1869, 100.000 people lived on the island. At tries. To compete with regional rivals like Bangkok,
present, Singapore has a diverse population of 5 mil- Hong Kong, Tokyo and Shanghai, the government has
lion people made up of the Chinese, Malays, Indians, announced that the city area would be transformed into
Asians and Caucasians of different ethnic origins. a more exciting place by lighting up the civic and com-
Even before independence in 1965, Singapore was al- mercial buildings. Singapore’s cuisine also attracts tour-
ready one of the richest states in East Asia due to its ists. Medical tourism is promoted as well.
strategic location as a port. Ports and aviation. Singapore is a major interna-
After independence, Singapore with the help of tional transportation hub in Asia, positioned on many
foreign direct investment created a modern economy seas and air trade routes. Today the port of Singapore
focused on industry, education and urban planning. continues to be among the top 5 busiest ports in the
The country is also a highly cosmopolitan world city world. Singapore is also an aviation hub for the South-
with a high percentage of foreigners that amount to east Asian region and a transit between Australia and
42%. Singapore maintains diplomatic relations with Europe. Singapore airport has a network of 81 airlines
175 countries. connecting Singapore to 185 cities in 58 countries.
103
LESSON 4
A lot of families in Great Britain and the US live in two doors: a front door for guests and a back door.
flats, but still a great number of people live in detached Traditionally the British have a fireplace, a symbol
houses. They are usually built out of brick and stone. of warmth in the house where they like to sit by fire
As a matter of fact, British houses are not large, but in winter evenings. In American houses there is
comfortable. Americans like to live in large houses. a laundry room next to the kitchen – a place in the
Most British as well as American houses are two- house where they wash and dry clothes. In addition to
storeyed. The houses are well-planned and cosy. As all these rooms, they usually have a recreation room
a rule, on the ground floor there is a sitting room, a and a work-out room in the basement. One cannot
dining room, a kitchen and a hall. The bedrooms and imagine a house in Britain and America without lawns
a bathroom are upstairs. English houses often have at the back and a flowerbed in the front.
Unit IV LESSON 1
Billy: Hey Caroline, I noticed that you are in my English class. How do you like it?
Caroline: It’s okay. I like reading, but I don’t like all the homework.
Billy: I know what you mean. Mrs. Kennedy can be a little sour. Well, maybe I could help you out. Do you
want to study together?
Caroline: How would we study literature together?
Billy: I was thinking that we could each read a part of the book, each share our parts, and then write a report
together.
Caroline: But we have to write separate reports. Besides, weren’t you at the bottom of the class last semester?
Billy: Well, yes, but this would be a way for us to spend some time together.
Caroline: So, you really aren’t interested in learning more, or getting better marks; you just want to spend time
with me?
Billy: Uh. Well. Yes. I mean, no. I just kind of thought...
Caroline: That’s sweet, but I think I’ll do my own homework.
LESSON 2
Steve, a pupil from England, is visiting a school in Chisinau. He meets Marin, a 7th form student, and they
have a conversation.
Marin: Steve, it’s great to meet you. I’ve always wanted to talk to a native English speaker who is my age. It’s
great to chat with you.
Steve: You know, even though Moldova isn’t an English-speaking country, your English is really good.
Marin: Thanks. It’s great to hear that.
Steve: I’m curious how you learned to speak English so well. Can you show me around? I’d like to know what
helps you learn English.
Marin: Well, we can’t ignore the fact that many of our schools have special classrooms just for learning English.
You might have noticed that we are in an English classroom now.
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Steve: Sure. I see all the grammar charts, the maps, and the vocabulary words on the walls. I also noticed the
portraits of the great English and American writers such as William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens,
Mark Twain, to name a few that I see. Over there, isn’t that Earnest Hemingway?
Marin: You’re right.
Steve: I see that you have a number of computers and other technological devices as well.
Marin: Yes, the teachers like to use modern equipment to make the classes more interesting. There are so many
dialogues, short films, vocabulary and grammar lessons online. These make the teachers’ lives easier,
and the students really like learning from the Internet as well. I know I learn vocabulary much more
quickly with the use of visual aids.
Steve: I have to say how impressed I am by your interest and enthusiasm. It’s amazing to see these modern
facilities to help you learn.
Marin: Well, I also want to say that all of this would be nothing without the devotion of our teachers. Our
teacher is really the one who inspires our love of the English language.
LESSON 3
GRAMMAR IN RHYME
Three little words you often see, How things are done the Adverbs tell,
Are Articles A, An and The. As Slowly, Quickly, Ill, or Well.
A noun is the name of anything, Conjunctions join the words together –
As School, or Garden, Hoop, or Swing. As men And women, wind And weather.
Adjectives tell the kind of Noun, The Preposition stands before
As Great, Small, Pretty, White, or Brown. A noun, as In or Through a door.
Instead of Nouns the Pronouns stand, The Interjection shows surprise,
Her head, His face, Your arm, My hand. As Oh! how pretty! Ah! how wise!
Verbs tell of something being done – The whole are called nine parts of speech
To Read, Count, Laugh, Sing, Jump, or Run. Which reading, writing, speaking teach.
Unknown
Unit V LESSON 3
In Great Britain, people are fond of rugby, medals at major international competitions such as
cricket, golf, horse-racing, etc. Football in England, the Olympics. These athletes are considered national
like in many countries is a preferred sport, and it heroes. This is a well-deserved title because of the
has the largest number of fans. In the United States, difficulty and intensity of their training.
team sports such as American football, baseball and Depending on the kind of sport, hours and hours
basketball are very popular for both men and women. each week must be spent on specific exercises. Athletes
Every country has its favourite sports, and every year, must think about the balance between challenging
participants in those sports get together to compete. themselves and pushing too hard. They have to choose
Gifted athletes bring honour and fame to their how many exercises they will do each day. Based on
countries when they win gold, silver or bronze their bodies, they must decide if they will work out at
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the beginning or the end of the day. And, they must eat championships are held in kickboxing, wrestling,
right and get plenty of sleep. volleyball, weightlifting, horsemanship, etc. The best
In Moldova, a kind of wrestling (trânta) and a athlete from these local competitions is then invited
type of baseball (oina) are national sports. Football to compete at international events. Our country never
is still the most popular. Our state government pays misses the chance to send its sports representatives to
a lot of attention to young people, creating good the Olympic Games.
facilities for them to play. Internal competitions and
LESSON 4
Blind children are taught the Braille system, where they help these kids with everything after hours. There
the letters are printed as groups of rising dots that blind are also auxiliary schools for children with mental
people feel with their fingers. The deaf are taught sign deficiencies. Here schooling is done according to a local
language which has a special grammar. Sign language specific curriculum. Along with schooling, training for
is made up of a limited number of elements: the shape appropriate occupation is performed.
of the hand, movement, location and orientation. For Many state and voluntary organizations, and even
people born deaf, or who lost their hearing before they ordinary people, help these schools to adapt socially
developed language, communication in sign language is and integrate disabled children, not depriving them
a comfortable and necessary alternative to speech. There of anything. It’s important to understand what charity
are also boarding schools providing adequate education and compassion mean in our lives. Even you can do
for handicapped children; they live and study there. Part something for such children; for example, visiting
of the teaching staff in these schools are educators, and such schools and making new friends there.
LESSON 6
AN UNFORGETTABLE TRAVEL
After a very short stop in Piatra Neamț, the train for a week. What fun they had! Every day they used
started again on the route to Braşov. Nothing but to go for long walks admiring fast running streams in
mountains were in the travellers’ view. Unfortunately narrow canyons and climbing some mountains from
it was already evening; it began getting dark and the the tops of which beautiful panorama could be seen.
tourists’ interest in admiring nature in the twilight Radu enjoyed staying in the mountains very much.
lessened (s-a redus), though the mountains were The only thing which annoyed him was his failure to
incomparable. And, what was worse, Radu, by that climb up a very steep mount. He never got to its top.
time, felt tired and soon fell asleep. Early in the It was natural for Radu not to succeed as he was not a
morning next day, the train arrived in Braşov and mountaineer and had no practice in climbing.
here the Drăgans’ train trip finished. They stopped in The time passed so quickly, and the Drăgans had
a cabin at the foot of a high mountain and stayed there to return home.
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SUPPLEMENT BACK TO GRAMMAR
BACK TO GRAMMAR
T ENSES
1 Open the brackets using the Past Simple, the Past Continuous and the Past Perfect:
a) My sister Anne (to buy) me a pair of brown shoes as d) Before Mike (to go) to the mountains, he (to have)
a birthday present last Sunday. a serious disease.
b) When mother (to come) home, Julian (to look) for e) Julian said he (to visit) all the footwear stores in the
his new trainers. town.
c) After my cousin (to break) his left leg on the f) Last Friday my class (to have) a meeting at which
skating-rink, he was taken to the hospital. we (to talk) about hygiene at school and at home.
2 Use the appropriate form of the verb to be:

a) The flock of sheep I had seen from the bus c) Sheep (is, are) valued for wool and mutton.
(was, were) moving towards the village. d) There (was, were) cattle grazing on the pasture.
b) The poultry (is, are) kept in a chicken-pen1.
1
pen [pen] n. – a small fenced area for keeping animals
3 Open the brackets using the Past Simple or the Present Perfect.
1. We (not to see) … each other for a very long time. 6. When … you (to make) friends with her?
2. We last (to go) … to the theatre two years ago. 7. I got to know him ten years ago and I never (to be
3. My friend (to start) … learning English when he was sorry) … for this.
eight. 8. My new friend (to stop) … doing competitive sport.
4. My friend (to look) … so miserable yesterday, so I 9. I never (to see) … my friend look this happy.
had to raise his spirits. 10. You … ever (to quarrel) with your friend?
5. Steve (to look) … so unhappy when I saw him.
4 Put the verbs from the brackets in the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous.
1. How long Mike (to live) … in this house? 7. The plumber (to install) … the central heating all
2. I (to paint) … the room since morning but I (to do) these days.
… only half of it. 8. They already (to hang) … all the pictures in the
3. We already (to furnish) … all the rooms. sitting-room.
4. Why are your hands dirty? – Oh, I (to wash) … the 9. My mum (to buy) … plants for each room this week.
windows since 9 o’clock. 10. They (to build) … a garage next to their house
5. You know, the Smiths (to move) … to a new house. recently.
6. Our family always (to live) … in this very house.
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5 Choose the correct variant from the brackets:
My uncle ... (was, has been, had been) the owner sharply. He decided to enlarge the area, and said he ...
of a green-house for the past 5 years. He ... (was, is (will increase, would increase, will be increased) the
growing, grows) cucumbers and tomatoes in it. Last harvest and would get richer. When he started this
year he ... (gathered, was gathered, has gathered) a good business nobody (believes, had believed, believed) in
crop. After he ... (sold, has sold, had sold) the vegetables his success. Now there is no doubt his business (had
at the market, his profit ... (went, is gone, has gone) up become, has become, became) very profitable.
6 Open the brackets putting the same verb into 10 different Tenses.
1. I (to study)… English when I go to University. 7. I (to study)… English when I was at the
2. I (to study)… English when my friend came. kindergarten.
3. I (to study)… already six English tenses. 8. I (to study)… English at the moment.
4. I (to study)… some new grammar rules by 9. I (to study)… English for about a year when I got
January. the invitation to the USA.
5. I (to study)… English twice a week. 10. I (to study)… English at this moment tomorrow
6. I (to study)… English for three months.
7 Open the brackets.
1. When (to be) … it the last time when your 6. While we (to discuss) … the plans for our vacation
parents planned a family adventure? my younger brother (to come) … with a new idea.
2. She never (to disappoint) … her parents. 7. Communication (to help) … us overcome family
3. When I came home my mother already (to read) problems.
… my first article in the magazine. 8. My grandparents (to marry) … for almost 40 years.
4. Respect and love should always (to persist) … in a 9. The children (to prepare) … the surprise before
real family. their parents came home.
5. Why you (not to tell) … the truth to your mum? 10. Our family (to move) … into a new flat recently.
8 Use the right form of the verbs in the brackets.
1. She (to decide) to enter a college after the 7. They (to have) a party at this time next week.
gymnasium. 8. People (to pay) much attention to fashion
2. They (to learn) a lot about the vocational school nowadays?
before they entered it. 9. When I (meet) him in the shop yesterday he (to
3. The dressmaker (to take) measurements for my buy) new equipment for his work shop.
new dress. 10. When the student (to come) in, the teacher had
4. She (to have) this up-to-date sewing machine for already begun his lecture.
some years.
5. He (to work) as a tailor for a long time.
6. Students (to study) a lot of interesting things at
vocational schools.
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9 Open the brackets. Use the Present Perfect Progressive or the Past Perfect Progressive.
1. My brother and I (to clean) … the living room since 2 o’clock.
2. We already (to clean) … our room for an hour when mum came home.
3. When I visited them she said, they (to build) ... their house for a year.
4. They (to build) … their house all this summer.
5. How long your brother (to work) … as an engineer?
6. He (to work) … about the house for an hour when somebody knocked at the door.
7. Why are your hands in paint? – I (to paint) … the floor.
10 Open the brackets using the Past Simple, the Past Perfect or the Past Perfect Progressive.
I (just/finish) … writing a letter when the door bell wonder if I (dream) … . I (decide) … finally that I
(ring) … . I (go) … immediately to answer it because (mistake) … a car horn for the sound of the door bell.
a neighbour of mine (tell) … me he was going to call Just as I was turning round, I (notice) … something
round. When I (open) … the door, I (see) …that there white on the door mat. I (examine) … it more closely
was no one there although I was sure I (hear) … the and (realize) … that someone (push) … a note under
bell. After I (look) … up and down the street for a few my door. As I (never/see) … the handwriting before, I
minutes, I (shut) … the door again and (begin) … to (begin) … to feel a little alarmed.
A CTIVE AND
P ASSIVE V OICE
1 Use the right tense and voice of the verbs in brackets.
1. In 1834 the Houses of Parliament with the exception 5. She (to climb up) … Mount Kilimanjaro three
of Westminster Hall (to destroy) … by fire. times already.
2. The Monument to Washington (to visit) … by 6. Our teacher (to tell) … us about her excursion in
hundreds of people every day. Australia when the door opened and a new student
3. You ever (to swim) … in the Mediterranean Sea? (to come) … in.
4. When I came home my sister already (to return) … 7. What places of interest you (to see) … in Ireland?
from a safari in Africa. 8. When you (to go) … to the mountains?
2 Change into Passive. Mind the prepositions.
1. Why did you turn off the video? 7. The president of our club put off our party because
2. We have put away all our unnecessary things. he had to go abroad.
3. I’m sure they will turn our advice down. 8. She took her words back, she admitted she was
4. Look! She is putting on her new uniform. wrong.
5. She hasn’t turned back the books to the library yet. 9. They will turn the sound down when their parents
6. They turned up the music and everybody could come.
dance. 10. She never puts her things away accurately.
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3 Open the brackets using the Present Simple, the Present Progressive, the Past Simple and
the Present Perfect both in Active and Passive Voice:
1. Who (to build) this house now? 5. Tasty food (to cook) now.
2. This house (to build) by skilful workers now. 6. Silvia and John (to marry) last year.
3. Some people (to build) their houses themselves. 7. Pete and Radu never (to know) each other before.
4. My house (to build) in a place not far from the bus 8. The ceremony usually (to take) place every day at
station. the same time.
4 Change the following sentences into Passive Voice.

1. The students greeted the famous lecturer 6. Mum presented me with a book about
warmly. professions.
2. They are writing a composition about their future 7. Our uncle is designing a new hotel at the
career. moment.
3. Ann will invite all her friends to the party. 8. The staff is discussing his project.
4. Are they employing him at the moment? 9. Why did you choose this job?
5. He will write a new book next year. 10. Is he looking for a new position?
5 Use Passive Voice.

1. Usually the brides (to dress) … in white. 6. A farewell party (to organize) … before leaving for
2. My sister (to give) … a lot of flowers on her birthday London next week.
last Sunday. 7. The dessert already (to prepare) … .
3. In Indonesia alcohol (not to drink) … at weddings 8. The ceremony (to held) … at the Grand Hall tonight.
as a rule. 9. … you (not to invite) … to the party yet?
4. A big turkey (to cook) … at the moment. 10. Look! What a wonderful engagement ring (to offer)
5. When the guests arrived the table already (to lay) … to her.
….
6 Open the brackets using the Present Simple, the Past Simple, the Present Perfect, the Present Perfect
Progressive, the Past Continuous, and the Past Perfect Progressive using the right tense and voice.
1. They just (to finish) discussing the advantages of 7. When Cornel came home, his father and a helper
this project. (to furnish) the flat for 5 hours.
2. Father (to weed) the corn field since early morning. 8. Our government (to prepare) a very serious
3. Victor said his family (to live) in the country for 15 project regarding the solving of the environmental
years. problems.
4. When the foreign guests arrived in Chişinău the 9. Radu said that the President (to elect) every four
new airport (to open) already. years.
5. When they arrived in Chişinău it (to rain).
6. My friend wants to know if I (to visit) the USA.
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7 Use the right tense and voice, choosing the right word from the box.
1. Bad … (not to make) people happy. gymnastics
2. All the … (to spend) yesterday. advice
3. The … (to pack) tomorrow. money
4. … (to be) a nice sport information
5. The … (to find) under the bed. scissors
6. … (to use) to cut paper and other things. glasses
7. His new … (to fit) him perfectly. jeans
8. The … he brought (to be) of great help to us. luggage
9. Her … (to be) of no use to us. police
10. The … (to call) as soon as the accident happened. news
8 Use the verbs in the correct tense form (Active or Passive).
Twelve ravens (to keep)… in the Tower of London for the Tower and a salary should (to pay)… for taking
centuries. They used to come in from Essex for food care of them. Sometimes they (to live)… as long as 25
when the Tower (to use)… as a palace. Over the years years. Their wings (to cut)… so that they couldn’t fly
people (to think)… that if the ravens ever left the away, and when a raven (to die)… another raven (to
Tower, the monarchy (to fall)… . So Charles II (to de- bring)… from Essex.
cree)… that the ravens should always (to keep)… in
9 Use the right tense and voice of the verbs in brackets.

1. In 1666 80% of London (to destroy) … by Great 6. While mother (to cook), father (to vacuum) the flat.
Fire of London. 7. This summer our students (to visit) many European
2. A lot of houses (to build) in Chisinau every year. countries.
3. I never (to eat) such delicious fruit. 8. She (to paint) the room for two hours.
4. Before I (to leave) the house, I (to call) Bob.
5. You ever (to be) to Greece?
10 Use the right tense and voice of the verbs given in brackets.
1. My dad (be) … very much a country man; he (to bring up) … in a village.
2. People who (to live) … in small villages (to have) … close ties with their neighbours.
3. My grandparents never (to keep) … a horse.
4. When we (to arrive) … at my grandparents, my uncle (to prune) … the trees in the garden.
5. Butter, cheese, sour-cream and yoghurt (to make) … from cow milk.
6. Hens, ducks, geese and other birds (to breed) … both for their eggs and meat.
7. A farmer (to own) … an area of land consisting of fields and buildings, where crops
(to grow) … and animals (to keep) … .
8. Listen! The birds (to sing) … in the trees.
9. My uncle said he (to plant) … apple-trees in his garden.
10. If the weather (to be) … good the crops (to be) … nice.
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R EPORTED SPEECH
1 Report the following sentences.
1. She said, “When was it the first time you met your 6. She said, “My mum has always been the most
friend?” important friend in my life.”
2. She said, “How long has it been since you got a new 7. Mum said, “A friend is like a plant of slow growth.”
friend?” 8. Father said, “What has happened to your friend?”
3. He said, “I can trust my friend totally.” 9. She said, “Who do you go to when you have
4. She said, “Mary always supports me when I am in problems?”
need.” 10. He said, “They are having a debating on friendship
5. He said, “I shall go out on a picnic with my friends.” now.”
2 Here are a few things your mother reportedly said yesterday. Find out what her real words were and
make all the necessary changes while writing.
1. Mum said she didn’t like those pickles, because they 6. She asked my brother to go to the shop to buy sour
were too sour. cream, butter and eggs.
2. She promised to cook triangular dumplings for 7. She told him to bring the purchases as soon as
supper. possible.
3. She added she would be happy if I helped her to 8. She suggested calling dad and ask him to buy some
prepare the cow cheese and sour cherry filling. ice-cream.
4. She was sure there was some sour cream in the 9. She asked me to lay the table and light a candle.
fridge. 10. She assured us that she was pleased to cook for us,
5. She wanted to know where the sour cream from the the dearest.
fridge was.
3 Report the following.
1. She said, “Why didn’t you come to support our 7. She said, “Mountaineering is an exciting but a
team?” dangerous sport”.
2. He said, “Last week we had an interesting talk with 8. He said, “You should go in for sports if you want to
our coach”. keep fit”.
3. The coach said, “I’m sure our team is the best and 9. He said, “It’s a pity the competition had begun
we will win”. before I arrived”.
4. She said, “What winter sports can you name?” 10. She said, “Don’t disturb him, he is training at the
5. She said, “ Football was invented in Great Britain”. moment”.
6. He said, “I have never gone in for horse riding”.
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4 Report the following sentences.
1. The teacher said, “Don’t waste time, start your work children in the orphanage?”
immediately”. 7. The headmaster said, “The Educational Department
2. She said, “I have been reading this book for 3 days”. has provided our school with all necessary
3. He says, “It’s very useful to have grammar drills more equipment”.
often”. 8. He said, “What will you do after finishing the
4. My sister said, “We watched an interesting science gymnasium stage?”
fiction film at school yesterday”. 9. He said, “The teacher is speaking about the children’s
5. He said, “When I came home my elder brother was rights now”.
reading an article about people’s caring attitude 10. She said, “Are the children deprived of any rights in
toward disabled people”. your country?”
6. She said, “Why didn’t you join us while visiting the
1. “Don’t be late, otherwise you’ll miss the film” – the 6. He said, “I have watched this film twice already”.
teacher said. 7. He said, “Emil Loteanu had made a lot of films in
2. She said, “This actor has played different roles in Moldova before he moved to Moscow”.
different films”. 8. She said, “The children are enjoying their time
3. He said, “I never watch black- and-white films”. watching a cartoon at the moment”.
4. She said, “Are black-and-white films produced 9. She said, “This cinema was opened last year”.
nowadays?” 10. “The audience applauded the actors with great
5. Mum said, “Don’t worry. We will go to the cinema enthusiasm,” my brother said.
next week”.
1. The teacher said, “America was discovered by 6. My friend said, “The Library of Congress is the
Columbus”. largest national library in the world”.
2. She said, “Abraham Lincoln became the 16th 7. She said, “I enjoyed travelling through the USA”.
President of the USA in 1861”. 8. She said, “There are 50 stars on the USA flag”.
3. He said, “Have you been to America?” 9. She said, “George Washington was born in Virginia,
4. He said, “The USA borders on Canada”. just south of Washington, D.C.”
5. “The official language in the USA is English”, she 10. He said, “Being in the USA I made a lot of friends”.
said.
7 Report the sentences.
1. The teacher said, “John, why are you always late? 5. Tom said, “These are the most interesting places I
2. The boy said, “Dad, I promise to be a good boy and have ever seen”
get only good marks. 6. The teacher said, “If you haven’t visited London yet,
3. Mum said, “Ann, what were you doing when I you should do it”.
called you?” 7. Inna said, “Could you pass me the sugar, please?”
4. Dan said, “When I was going to school, I met my 8. Sandu said, “While I was doing my home task, my
cousin Andrew”. sister was playing computer games.
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M OOD D ISTINGUISHING
1 Conditional I. Write the correct forms of the verbs from the brackets.
1. Her sister (not to go) … to England if she (not to 5. If a child (to live) … with friendship and acceptance,
pass) the exams. he (to find) … love in the world.
2. If parents (to want) … their children to read, they 6. If parents (not to teach) … their children values and
(to take) … them to the library and help select ideals, how their children (to find) … meaning and
books. purpose in their lives?
3. Your brother (not to help) … you if you (to get) … 7. Children (not to learn to give) … and absorb the
into trouble? joys and sorrows of a family life if their parents (not
4. A child (to be) … patient, if he (not to live) … in a teach) … them what sacrifice is.
tolerant family? 8. A child (not to do well) … in life if he (to do) …
poorly in school.
2 Open the brackets.
1. I wish I (can) … knit like my mother or teacher. 7. Our teacher wishes she (to take) … us to that
2. If my mother (to teach)… me knitting, I (to be) … famous Exhibition of Fine Arts.
very proud. 8. If I (to be)… more skilled, I (to crochet) … a
3. He wishes his sister (to buy) … a knitting machine. pullover for my younger brother.
4. If he (to have) … skills in moulding, he (to take) … 9. What you (to do)… if your pieces of art (to accept)
part in the competition. … for the exhibition?
5. If she (to embroider) … the blouse in light colours, 10. My grandmother wishes our young generation (to
it (to look) … nicer. know) … more about weaving process.
6. I (to learn) … many nice things if I (to join)… our
artisanship club.
3 Paraphrase the sentences using the Subjunctive Mood after wish:
1. It’s a pity the wounded bird can not fly. 7. It’s a pity I don’t live in the countryside, I would take
2. What a pity I cannot help save the world. care of birds and animals.
3. It’s a pity we can’t take care of all the starving 8. What a pity the birds can’t speak.
animals and birds. 9. It’s a pity we don’t have enough knowledge about
4. It’s a pity he doesn’t know much about this bird. wildlife.
5. What a pity she can’t hear the birds singing. 10. What a pity the people throw litter in the streets.
6. It’s a pity our River Bîc is polluted.
4 Put the verbs from brackets in their correct form in the given clauses of time and condition:
1. If my sister-in-law (to write) me when she is 3. As soon as I (to become) a mechanic, I (to repair)
arriving, I’ll prepare a bedroom for her on time. all my car accessories.
2. When students (to graduate) from the University, 4. I (to go) to her first-night performance in case she
they (to start) to train for their professions. (to invite) me.
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5 Translate into your native language.
1. As soon as father comes home, I will make him a new house.

surprise. 10. It’s a pity my friend doesn’t speak foreign languages.
2. She will not talk to you until you apologize to her. I wish he did.
3. He won’t help his friend unless he asks him. 11. Our teacher suggests that students pay more
4. After she does her room, she will join us. attention to their pronunciation.
5. My grandfather says he will work as long as he lives. 12. The director insists that employees be punctual.
6. When school is over children will go hiking. 13. I wish I were in Australia now.
7. She will use this information in case she needs it. 14. Nick wishes he were travelling round the world now.
8. If the weather permits, we will go swimming. 15. I wish I could write poems.
9. If the Browns had enough money they would buy a
6 Open the brackets using the Subjunctive Mood after if.

1. If father (to teach) me some handicrafts skills, I (to 4. What you (to do) if you (to be) a forester?
help) him in making different artisanship articles. 5. If our sportsmen (to have) better training
2. Nick would begin sports trainings if he (to buy) conditions, they (to show) better results at the
new trainers. forthcoming competitions.
3. If Victor (to fly) to Timişoara, he would save almost 6. She (to envy) me if I (to go) to London this summer.
a day.
7 Paraphrase the sentences below using the Subjunctive Mood after the verbs suggest, demand, insist,
propose, recommend and order.
1. My friend suggested us playing tricks on the first of 4. Mother proposed us to go on a picnic to the river at
April. one of the forthcoming weekends.
2. Father recommended me to join the City 5. The coach ordered the players to train in whatever
Artisanship Club. the weather.
3. Nick insisted on her travelling by air.
8 Paraphrase the sentences below using the Subjunctive Mood after the verb wish.
1. I am sorry I can’t learn such a long poem. 6. She is sorry her daughter doesn’t want to play the
2. What a pity not all my classmates will visit Great piano.
Britain this summer. 7. It’s a pity he doesn’t speak German.
3. It’s a pity I am not a poet. 8. What a pity she can’t keep secrets.
4. What a pity my friend has some physical 9. He is sorry he can’t tell her the truth.
deficiencies. 10. Her parents are sorry she doesn’t know English.
5. It’s a pity my father isn’t as good at driving as my 11. It’s a pity teenagers don’t go to the theatre more
uncle is. often.
115
A DJECTIVES
1 Fill in the gaps with the right form of the adjectives.
1. Life in the city is much … than in the country. (fast) 7. The … sights of our city are in its eastern part.
2. Prague is one of … cities in the world. (beautiful) (attractive)
3. The … food can be bought in this supermarket. 8. It’s … to walk through this park in the evening.
(good) (pleasant)
4. Oxford University is one of … universities in the 9. Madrid is … than Rome. (expensive)
world. (old) 10. Ştefan-cel-Mare avenue is … in Chişinău. (long)
5. It’s … to travel by trolleybus than by bus. (cheap)
6. This part of the city is … one. (rich)
2 Use the right degree of the adjectives in brackets.
1. That was … party I had ever seen. (fantastic) 6. Her … story is devoted to mothers. (good)
2. My mother is … than her sister. (young) 7. His poem was … than mine. (profound)
3. The … present for my mum is my good behaviour. 8. Mothers and daughters should be on … terms with
(good) each other. (friendly)
4. The … you love your mum, the … you’ll make her. 9. My mum cooks … cookies in the world. (delicious)
(much, happy) 10. The … thing in the world is to be insensitive to
5. When she came home she found … flowers on her mothers. (bad)
table. (beautiful)
3 Use the correct degree forms of the adjectives and adverbs given in brackets:
1. My friend is the … (bright) pupil in our class. 6. San Francisco is … (beautiful) than Chicago.
2. Victor knows English … (well) than Pete. 7. He always thought his father was … (good) in the
3. The USA is one of the … (big) countries in the world.
world. 8. Nick’s English is … (poor) than Andrew’s.
4. She is considered to be … (beautiful) girl in their 9. Dan’s father is very upset: his son has … (bad)
class. marks in maths.
5. Pupils need a much … (large) school building.
4 Write the correct comparison degree of the adjectives given in brackets:
1. Today our team played (bad) than it did yesterday. 4. Kate solved the problem (well) of all her classmates.
2. Of the two books my sister likes “Uncle Tom’s 5. This is the (striking) building I have ever seen.
Cabin” (little). 6. Of the three authors she writes (much) clearly.
3. The new shop is (far) from my house than the old
one.
116
P REPOSITIONS
1 Fill in with the prepositions: on, between, among, near, next to, in, under.
a) Don’t keep tomatoes ... plastic bags for a long time. d) There was a basket full of fruit ... ... the kitchen
b) The campers sat for the picnic ... a big oak tree ... the table.
lake. e) A big crystal vase with bright flowers stood ... the
c) Our famous singer Ion Suruceanu with his wife cake and the tea pot ... the holiday table.
Nadia were ... the guests.
2 Choose the right preposition:

with, for, over, between, out of, in, to, over, of, off
1. She usually chooses shoes … shape and fit. 6. He may not clean his boots … several days.
2. He never buys shoes … low quality. 7. Leather shoes need polishing … good quality cream.
3. Slippers are soft shoes worn … the house. 8. She had to choose … high heeled and low heeled
4. Sandals have straps … the top of your feet. boots.
5. The Americans don’t take their shoes … when they 9. I prefer moccasins … sandals.
enter a house. 10. Her toes were sticking … her old shoes.
3 Use prepositions or adverbs.
My uncle is a young man. He is married and has two … it and some chairs. … the desk there is a shelf …
children. He plays cricket and football … his local books and … the centre … the room there is a table.
club and works … an office. He usually walks … There is a vase … flowers on it. … the walls … his
his office. He has lunch … a small restaurant … his room there are some pictures and a map.
office. My uncle’s office is not very large, there is a desk
4 Choose the right preposition and fill in the sentences below.
1. My mum does her best to eliminate use of salt … the table. in

2. Vegetables should be cooked … a small amount of water. behind
3. Eat salad … the rest of the meal. in front of
4. There is a restaurant for vegetarians not … our house. at
5. My dad likes to sprinkle chopped parsley … the salad. in the middle of
6. I couldn’t find the whisk … my granny’s kitchen utensils. in
7. There is a big table … their dining room. over
8. The waitress placed his coffee … the table … him. before
among
9. The meat will be ready … an hour. far from
10. Will you pass me the mustard, please? It’s … the bread. on
117
5 Choose the correct preposition from the brackets.
1. Grown-ups don’t believe (on / in) Father Christmas, 7. When looking (to / at) her wedding photos my
but children do. mum always smiles.
2. We always go (to / in) bed late on New Year’s Eve. 8. When I got home (from / of) the party my parents
3. The bride arrived (to / at) the church accompanied were waiting (to / for) me.
by close relatives. 9. My dad brought (from / off) England a huge
4. In Britain the bride and the groom have to go (at / chocolate Easter egg (to / for) my little sister.
to) the ceremony separately. 10. Before Christmas he used to sit (in front of /
5. The time of the wedding ceremony and the reception opposite) the fire and write a letter (to / for) Father
were both indicated (on / in) the invitation. Christmas telling him (of / about) all the presents
6. You have to put money (in / into) the box (at / on) he wanted.
the entrance (at / to) the reception.
6 Insert in with the prepositions: by, of, at, in, on, with, for.
1. Our teacher tells us not to be afraid … experi- 6. Who is good … acting on the stage in your class?
menting new ideas. 7. We have been waiting … this equipment since last
2. Young children are full … enthusiasm and good will. week.
3. We were impressed … the actors’ performance. 8. It depends … the film director whether the film is
4. She got interested … producing films from an early good or bad.
age. 9. As a rule a good, a curious pupil is always interested
5. The teachers and students of our school get … well … getting good knowledge.
… each other. 10. The cinema hall was full … teachers and pupils.
7 Fill in the gaps with the prepositions: in, for, from, of, to, far from, with.
1. As a young woman Marie Tussaud learned how 3. She travelled … Britain … her wax figures … 1802.
to make wax figures. She was soon famous … the 4. … 1835 she opened a museum … her figures not …
masks that she made … dead people’s heads … the the one you can still visit today.
French Revolution. 5. Most … the figures that you can see today are new,
2. King Louis XVI … France and his wife Marie- but there are still some old ones, too.
Antoinette are just two … the people who she
modelled.
8 Fill in with the prepositions: of, in, on, to, from.
1. Sport is very popular … Britain. 5. The most popular and spectacular sport is football
2. … other words, a lot … British people like sport, and it is played … a Saturday afternoon … most
especially watching it … TV. British towns and the fans, or supporters … a
3. However, the number of people who actively take particular team will travel … one end … the
part … sport is quite small. country … the other to see their team play.
4. … the whole British people prefer to be fat rather
than fit.
118
S YNONYMS
1 Find synonyms for the following words:
holiday – before – glad – amazed –
start – high – to come to – to find out –
wonderful – to observe – blond(e) – to enjoy –
village – fortnight – kind – chance –
2 Find a synonym for each verb.

1. to befriend – 5. to cheat – 9. to last – 13. to present –
2. to quarrel – 6. to betray – 10. to help – 14. to accept –
3. to trust – 7. to need – 11. to offer – 15. to encourage –
4. to argue – 8. to break up – 12. to support – 16. to pity –
3 Give synonyms for:
1. to admire – 5. to prefer – 9. to arrange – 13. to practise –

2. to sculpt – 6. to be fond of – 10. to iron – 14. to surprise –
3. to carve – 7. to take pictures – 11. to advance – 15. to exhibit –
4. to ornament – 8. to learn – 12. to develop – 16. to appreciate –
A NTONYMS
1 Give antonyms for:

1. hygienic – 5. smelling – 9. imported – 13. infected –
2. greasy (hair, skin) – 6. fresh (smell) – 10. natural – 14. useful –
3. dry – 7. healthy – 11. liquid – 15. pleasant –
4. rough – 8. effective – 12. regular – 16. necessary –

1. comfortable – 5. tight – 9. soft – 13. warm –
2. large-sized – 6. stylish – 10. heeled – 14. high quality –
3. high-heeled – 7. light – 11. dark – 15. packed –
4. men shoes – 8. new – 12. cheap – 16. hand-made –
119
3 Give the female opposites. Write the opposite gender.
1. biological father – 5. orphan – 9. grandson – 13. cousin –
2. boy friend – 6. spouse – 10. uncle – 14. nephew –
3. school boy – 7. brother-in-law – 11. husband – 15. god-father –
4. step-father – 8. prince – 12. widower – 16. king –

colourful – black and white (TV) – synthetic – attractive –
white – pale – favourable – characteristic –
light – pleasant – changeable – identical –
gloomy – quiet – adequate – distinguishable –

1. friendly – 5. generous – 9. sympathetic – 13. caring –
2. sincere – 6. devoted / faithful – 10. stable – 14. helpful –
3. honest – 7. reliable – 11. rational – 15. affectionate –
4. candid – 8. courageous – 12. tolerant – 16. true –

weak tea – light meal – home made bread – traditional food –
dry wine – brown bread – pickled cucumbers – adequate lunch –
white wine – unripe fruit – meat food – delicious food –
alcoholic drinks – fresh vegetables – low-fat food – exceptional dish –

1. highland – 5. mountain – 9. single mountain – 13. forest –
2. queen – 6. land – 10. single island – 14. aristocrats –
3. north – 7. east – 11. ocean – 15. rock –
4. continent – 8. hill – 12. river – 16. country –

1. advantage – 5. pavement – 9. city – 13. conveniences –
2. avenue – 6. polluted – 10. work – 14. rush-hours –
3. pedestrian – 7. excitement – 11. pluses – 15. weekday –
4. walk (ing) – 8. variety – 12. citizen – 16. church –
1. comedy – 5. the stalls – 9. drama – 13. dramatist –
2. composer – 6. gallery – 10. monologue – 14. success –
3. bit part – 7. interesting – 11. minor role – 15. joy –
4. to enjoy – 8. actor – 12. spectators – 16. happy –
120
SUPPLEMENT IMPROVE YOUR KNOWLEDGE
P REPOSITIONS
to be absent from to be interested in to get to / back from
to accuse of to be involved in to be tempted to
to be angry with / at to be known for to be fond of
to be aquainted with to look forward to to be jealous of
to be addicted to to be made of / from to be envious of
to agree with to object to to extend to
to apologize for to participate in to bring up
to apply to / for to be patient with to graduate from
to argue with / about to be polite to to be inclined to
to arrive in / at to play for / to to result in
to be capable of to prevent from to share with
to care about / for to prohibit from to seem to
to compare to / with to protect from to clear up
to be composed of to provide with to feel sorry for
to consist of to be proud of to be in love with
to contribute to to recover from to fight for
to be convinced of to be related to to burst out crying
to count up / on / out to rely on to burst into tears
to decide up / on to rescue from to move to tears
to be dedicated to to be responsible for to extend to
to be devoted to to be satisfied with to breathe in / out
to depend on / upon to be scared of to enter somewhere
to be disappointed in / with to stare at to increase in
to be divorced from to subscribe to to decline in
to be done with to substitute for to lead to
to be dressed in to succeed in to force upon
to be engaged to to take care of to respond to
to be equipped with to be tired of / from to be allergic to
to escape from to vote for to suffer from
to excel in to be worried about to complain of / about
to be excited about to be afraid of to find faults with smb.
to excuse for to get rid of to believe in smb.
to be faithful to to name after to be suspicious of
to be familiar with to originate from to be indifferent to smb.
to be grateful to / for to be angry with / at to burst out laughing
to be guilty of to be suitable for to keep in time
to hide from to keep the eye on to disagree about
to be innocent of to give up to progress in
to insist on to share with
121
H OMOPHONES
all ready – prepared past – time before the present
already – by or before this or that time passed – past tense of "to pass"
bare – uncovered pale – not strong in colour
bear – to carry (v), to give birth; an animal (n) pail – a bucket made of metal or wood
board – a wooden plank (n), to get on a plane (v) plain – simple, flat (area)
bored – uninterested plane – a) an aircraft; b) a carpenter's tool
born – brought into life rain – precipitation
borne – carried (Part II of "bear") reign – to rule
brake – device for stopping (n) rein – leather straps for a horse's bridle
break – to destroy, smash (v) to raise – to lift up
coarse – not smooth to raze – to destroy
course – a class rays (n) – beams of heat or light
desert – to abandon read – past form of to read
dessert – sweet course red – the colour of blood
elicit – to get info right (adj) – correct
illicit – illegal a rite – a ritual
to write – to put words on paper
fir – evergreen tree
fur – soft, thick hair, covering animals road – street, highway
rode – past tense of ride
hair – thread like growth on the skin
hare – animal like a rabbit to sail – to travel in a boat or ship
hear – to perceive (a sound) sale (n) – selling of goods
here – in / at / to this place sea – a large area of salty water
heel (n) – back part of the foot see – perceive with the eyes
heal (v) – make or become well sight – ability to see; smth worth seeing
hole – a hollow in smth. solid site – location or scene
whole – intact/complete so – in such a manner; very; also
lead – a soft, grey, heavy metal sow – to plant seeds (in the ground)
led – Part II of "lead" sew – to join (fasten) with needle and thread
maybe – perhaps son – a male offspring / descendant
may be – might be sun – a star that the Earth goes round
meat – flesh storey – floor or level of a building
meet – to encounter story – narration
our – belonging to us through – from end to end of; during
hour – sixty minutes threw – (the) past tense of throw
122
H OMOGRAPHS
[B'bju:z] (v) to treat smb. violently ['PntPmePt] (v) to hint or imply
abuse intimate
[B'bju:s] (n) the use of smth (bad purpose) ['PntPmBt] (adj) close relation
['IksBnt] (n) stress or emphases [Pn'vIlPd] (adj) not correct
accent invalid
[Ik'sent] (v) to emphasize ['PnvBlPd] (n) disabled person
['IksPz] pl. of axe [li:d] (v) to guide / go first
axes lead
['Iksi:z] pl. of axis [led] (n) grey, heavy metal (soft)
[bIs] kind of fish ['mPnPt] (n) part of an hour
bass minute
[bePs] low voice [mai'nju:t] (adj) very small, very careful
[bau] (v) to bend your body ['mAdBrePt] (v) to preside over a meeting
bow moderate
[bBu] weapon ['mAdBrBt] (adj) not extreme
[klBuz] (v) to shut ['AbdGPkt] (n) thing, purpose
close object
[klBus] (adj) (to be) near [Ab'dGekt] (v) to be against
[kBm'paund] (v) to mix or combine [pB:'mPt] (v) to allow
compound permit
['kAmpaund] (n) consisting of more things ['pBmPt] (n) official document
['kAntent] (n) what is contained [pAlPE] (v) to make smth shine
content polish
[kBn'tent] (adj) happy [pBulPE] (adj) relating to Poland
['kAntrIkt] (n) formal agreement ['prBugres] (n) process of improving
contract progress
[kBn'trIkt] (v) to become smaller [prB'gres] (v) to improve
[dBu] (n) musical note ['prAdGekt] (n) plan
do project
[du] (v) auxiliary verb ['prBdGekt] (v) to stick out
[dDv] (n) bird of peace [ri:d] (v) Pr. Simple of the verb
dove read
[dBuv] (v) past of dive (US) [red] (v) Past Simple
[daun] (adv) a lower place ['refju:s] (n) rubbish
down refuse
[daun] (n) soft fluff on a bird [rP'fju:z] (v) not to agree
['i:vnPH] (n) late afternoon ['sepBrBt] (adj) not connected
evening separate
['PvBnPH] making more even (smooth) ['sepBrePt] (v) to keep apart
[fP'nIns] (v) provide money for [sBuB] (n) person who sews
finance sewer
['faPnIns] (n) amount of money [su:B] (n) drain
['fri:kwBnt] (adj) often occuring [sBu] (v) to plant seeds
frequent sow
[frPk'went] (v) to visit regularly [sau] (n) female pig
[Pm'pAt] (v) to bring from abroad ['sDbdGPkt] (n) topic
import subject
['PmpAt] (n) things brought from abroad [sBb'dGekt] (v) to force a person to accept
[Pn'kri:s] (v) to become larger in amount [tPB] (n) liquid from the eyes
increase tear
['Pnkri:s] (n) a rise in amount, number [teB] (v) to pull to pieces
123
C OMMONLY CONFUSED WORDS

accept – to agree to ... leave [li:v] – (v) to go away; to allow to remain
except – other than live [lPv] – (v) to be alive
ant [Int] – small crawling insect low [lBu] – (adj) not high or tall
aunt [a:nt] – your mother's or father's sister law [lA:] – rules expected to be observed
advice [B'dvQs] – recommendation maybe [mePbi:] – perhaps

advise [B'dvQz] – to recommend may be [meP 'bi:] – might be
affect – to have an influence on nice [naPs] – pleasant; kind

effect – result (n); to cause niece [ni:s] – daughter of one's sister or brother
bear [beB] – strong wild animal paper [pePpB] – you write on

beer [bPB] – bitter alcoholic drin pepper ['pepB] – hot-tasting powder; vegetable
boat [bBut] – a small, open watercraft patience [pePEns] – (n) endurance, calmness
bought [bA:t] – past tense and PII of buy patients [peP'Ents] – persons receiving medical care
bat [bIt] – a mouselike, flying animal personal ['pF:snBl] – private; one's own
bet [bet] – agreement personnel [pF:sB'nel] – employees
dare [deB] – to have enough courage for precede [pri'si:d] – to come before
dear [dPB] – much loved proceed [prB'si:d] – to continue
dark [da:k] – without light quiet ['kwaPBt] – silent

duck [dDk] – water, bird quite ['kwaPt] – very
deaf [def] – unable to hear raw [rA:] – uncooked

death [deJ] – the end of someone's life roe [rBu] – small species of deer
'desert ['dezBt] – a dry, sandy region so [sBu] – in such a manner; very; also
dessert [dP'zFit] – the final course of a meal sow [sau] – (n) an adult female pig
hare [heB] – animal like a rabbit steel [sti:l] – strong metal (made from iron)
here [hPB] – in this place still [stPl] – (adj) silent; (adv) even, yet
hat [hIt] – covering for the head soap [sBup] – substance used for washing
hurt [hF:t] – to cause pain soup [su:p] – liquid food
Ireland ['aPBlBnd] – a country in north-west Europe tea [ti:] – hot drink

island ['aPlBnd] – a piece of land surrounded by water tear [tPB] – drop of liquid falling from the eye
Iceland ['aPslBnd] – a country in the North Atlantic
ton [tDn] – unit of weight = to 1016 kg
loose [lu:s] – (adj) not tight tonne [tDn] – unit of weight equal to 1000 kg
lose [lu:z] – (v) not to have any more; to misplace tone [tBun] – vocal or musical sound
124
SUPPLEMENT ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES
THE USA
The United States of America is one of the largest group of lakes in the country, as well as the greatest
countries in the world. Its area of more than 9 mln. collection of fresh-water lakes in the world.
sq. km. is only a little smaller than the area of Europe. The capital of the USA is Washington, DC. The
As to population, it is the fourth largest country in the largest city in the USA is New York, it is also the biggest
world. More than 320 million people live there. The seaport. Other large cities in the USA are Chicago,
USA is made up of 50 different states. Two states – Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, Atlanta, Houston,
Alaska and Hawaii – are separated from the country. Boston, Philadelphia, etc.
Alaska is to the North of the continent and is separated The US government consists of three main branches.
from the country by Canada. Hawaii lies in the central The first branch is the Congress. The Congress is divided
Pacific. The country is washed into two parts: the Senate and
by the Atlantic Ocean in the the House of Representatives.
east and by the Pacific Ocean in Every state, no matter how large
the west. It borders on Canada or small, sends two people to
in the north and on Mexico in the Senate. These people are
the south. The geographical called senators. There are one
position of the US makes it hundred senators in the Senate.
a country of great variety in A senator’s term is six years.
landscape. Each state also sends people to
The north-eastern Atlantic the House of Representatives.
coast is rocky, but its middle and They are called congressmen or
southern part rises gently from congresswomen. The number
the sea, passing from swamps of congressmen from each
into a rolling lowland. The USA state depends on the number
is crossed by the Appalachian of people who live in the state.
Mountains in the east and the The larger states have more
Rocky Mountains in the west. congressmen. All in all there are
The Appalachians are not high, but steep. The Rocky 435 congressmen in the House of Representatives. A
Mountains are high, sharp and rugged, and are rich in representative’s term is two years. The Congress has the
such minerals as gold, copper and silver. They are the power to make laws.
main mountains of the Cordilleran Highlands. The second branch of government is the President
There are many rivers and lakes in the US. The and his helpers. The Vice President and members of
Mississippi that flows through the central plains to the the Cabinet help the President to carry out the laws
Gulf of Mexico and gathers its waters from two-thirds that the Congress makes. The US President is the
of the US is one of the world’s greatest rivers. It is about Commander-in-Chief of the country’s armed forces.
6.210 km. long together with its main tributary, the The President’s term is 4 years. Americans vote for the
Missouri River. The rivers in the west are unsuitable President in November of every leap year.
for navigation. The largest among them, the Columbia The third branch of government is the Supreme
and the Colorado, flow through deep canyons. Court. It is made up of nine judges. They have to make
In the north between the US and Canada the five sure that the President and the Congress follow the
Great Lakes lie: Lake Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie Constitution. The judges work in the Supreme Court
and Ontario. The Great Lakes make up the largest as long as they live.
125
AUSTRALIA
In land area, Australia is the sixth largest nation Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia,
after Russia, Canada, China, the United States of Tasmania, Northern Territory and Australian Capital
America and Brazil. It has, however, a relatively small Territory. Canberra, the capital of Australia, is situated
population. in the Australian Capital Territory.
Australia is the only nation to govern an entire The main cities of Australia are Sydney, a seaport;
continent and its outlying islands. The mainland is the Melbourne, the cultural centre; Brisbane, a seaport;
largest island and the smallest, flattest continent on Perth, a seaport on the western coast; and Adelaide,
Earth. It lies between 10° and 39° South latitude. an agricultural centre. Australia currently is the major
The highest point on the mainland, Mount world producer and exporter of wool and fruits such
Kosciuszko, is only 2228 metres. Apart from as grapes, oranges, apples, bananas, pears, pineapples,
Antarctica, Australia is the driest continent on peaches and nectarines.
earth. Its interior has one of the lowest rainfalls in With its abundant physical resources, Australia
the world and about three-quarters of the land is has enjoyed a high standard of living since the
arid or semi-arid. Its fertile areas are well-watered, nineteenth century. It has made a large investment in
however, and these are used very effectively to social infrastructure, including education, training,
help feed the world. Sheep and cattle graze in health and transport.
dry country, but care must be taken with the soil. Education in Australia is the responsibility of each
Some grazing land became desert when the long state apart. It is compulsory between the ages of 6 and
cycles that influence rainfall in Australia turned to 15. About 75% of students attend state schools. Among
drought. the leading universities are the Australian National
The Australian federation consists of six States University, the University of Sydney, Queensland,
and two Territories: New South Wales, Victoria, Adelaide, Tasmania, Melbourne etc.
126
Culture, although based on the British tradition, most primitive mammals, being the only mammals
is unique to Australia. It has always been promoted by that lay eggs.
the government. A lot of art galleries and performing Among other animals and birds found in Australia
art centres end, film studios have been built in are the kangaroo, the koala, the dingo, the emu, the
Australia. The Sydney Opera House is one of the best kookaburra, (so called the “laughing jackass”),
known architecturally stunning (uluitor) buildings in beautifully coloured parrots and, of course, the
the world. Artists, playwrights, writers, opera, ballet, graceful lyrebird.
dance companies, symphony orchestras are supported Australia is a far away country and continent,
by the Australian Government. but no matter how far it is, people have always been
Australia is a land of striking differences with attracted to this amazing land. Those who are fond of
its unique and primitive forms of animal life. About travelling would gladly like to visit this piece of land
70% of birds, 88% of reptiles and 94% of the frogs are because Australia is such an extraordinary place to
characteristic only to Australia. Australia is the home explore!
of the duckbill and the anteater – two of the world’s
127
CANADA
Canada is situated in North America. It consists Parliament has two Houses – the Senate of 118
of ten provinces and three territories. Being located members, appointed by the Governer General, and
in the northern part of the continent, Canada extends the House of Commons, whose 295 members are
from the Arctic Ocean to the United States, and from elected for five years. The Prime Minister is appointed
the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Canada is by the Governer General, who is the representative of
the largest country in North America and the second the British Queen as sovereign of Canada. The Cabinet
largest in the world after Russia. Occupying an of Ministers is nominated by the Prime Minister.
extremely vast territory, Canada has six time zones. Each province, in turn, has its own government and
legislature. Canada has two
official languages: English and
French.
With the population of over
35 million people, Canada has
earned international respect
for its strong diplomatic skills,
peacekeeping efforts, and for
respect of human rights. The
people here enjoy a very high
standard of life owing, in part,
to rich mineral resources of
gold, silver, iron ore, nickel,
copper, cobalt, uranium, lead
[led] (plumb), zinc as well as
petroleum and natural gas.
There are many cities in
Canada such as: Toronto,
Montreal, Ottawa, Vancouver,
A considerable part of Canada’s territory is covered Quebec, Calgary, Winnipeg, Edmonton, etc... Canada,
with forests, and this made possible for the country being one of the world’s wealthiest countries and an
to become a major exporter of timber, wood pulp important tourist destination, attracts millions of
and newsprint. The fishing industry is characteristic people from all over the world. Some of most visited
of Canada as well as effective farming. Regarding places in Canada are the Niagara Falls (51 m. high)
finances, Canada has a well developed banking and and the observation CN Tower (553.33 m. high) in
insurance system. Toronto.
The country’s capital city is Ottawa, which is
in Ontario on the border with Quebec. Known as
New France, Quebec became a royal province of the
French Crown (1663). In 1763, Canada was ceded
(cedată) to Britain and defined as an independent
constitutional monarchy equal in status to Britain
in the Commonwealth. The Canadian Federal
128
NEW ZEALAND
New Zealand is situated in the Pacific Ocean, lying the longest – its length is 435 km, and Lake Taupo is the
in the south-east of Australia. Its total area covers largest. On the islands there is a big number of thermal
270.534 square kilometres, and its population is only springs and volcanoes. People often call New Zealand
3.5 million people. Being formed of two main islands, “The Shaky Isles” for their frequent seismic activity.
North Island and South Island, and other smaller There’s a specific thing to be mentioned about plant
islands, New Zealand’s territory is as big as that of and animal life in New Zealand, where most of its fauna
Japan, Chile and Italy, and a little larger than that of and flora is indigenous (90 percent). Yet, there are many
the United Kingdom. New Zealand is a very beautiful species that were imported. Here, on the islands, one can
country, called “God’s own country” and the “Paradise see peculiar species of trees, like kauri trees, and birds
of the Pacific.” Wellington, with a population of 200.100 such as the largest flightless parrot, the flightless kiwi, the
people, is the country’s capital. Although it formerly oldest reptile (tuatara) dating back to the dinosaurs time,
was a part of the British Empire, New Zealand is now etc... The kiwi bird has become the symbol of people there
a self-governing state. – little children are called kiwis. New Zealand is rich in
The Parliament of New Zealand consists of one minerals that help people develop heavy industry – like
House only – the House of Representatives. The Prime iron and steel industry. It has gas and petroleum as well.
Minister is the head of the government. The official New Zealand is an exporter of butter, meat and wool.
language is English. There are some big towns in New Zealand:
The climate in New Zealand is humid. Winters here Auckland, Christchurch, Denedin, Nelson. Auckland
are rather cold in the south and mild in the north. There and Wellington are the main seaports. Being famous
are lots of mountains in New Zealand – the highest one for many regions that are worth seeing, New Zealand
is Mount Cook (3.374 m.). There are lots of rivers and is, finally, a country of great interest owing mostly to its
large lakes on both islands, too. The Waikato River is uniqueness and commonness at the same time.
129
SUPPLEMENT ADDITIONAL READING
HOME, SWEET HOME THE SHIPS
‘Mid pleasures and palaces though I may roam1 For many a year I’ve watched the ships
Be it ever so humble2 there’s no place like home. a-sailing to and fro1,
A charm3 from the sky seems to hallow4 us there The mighty ships, the little ships,
Which seek thro’ the world is ne’er met with elsewhere. the speedy and the slow;
Home, home, sweet, sweet home, And many a time I’ve told myself that
There’s no place like home, some day I would go
There’s no place like home. Around the world that is so full of wonders.
To thee5 I’ll return overburdened6 with care, The things I’ve heard, the things I’ve read,
The heart’s dearest face will smile on me there, the things I’ve dreamed might be.
No more from that cottage again will I roam, The boyish tales, the old men’s yarns2 –
Be it ever so humble there’s no place like home. they will not pass from me:
I’ve heard, I’ve read, I’ve dreamed – but
By J. Howard
1
to roam [rRm] v. – a hoinări all the time I’ve longed3 to see –
2
humble [hDmbl] adj. – modest Around the world that is so full of wonders.
3
charm [tEL:m] n. – frumuseţe So year by year I watch the ships
4
to hallow ['hIlR] v. – a sfinţi, a cinsti a-sailing to and fro,
5
thee [Ci:] pron. = you
6
to burden [bF:dn] v. – a împrovăra
The ships that come as strangers and the ships
I’ve learned to know.
Folks4 smile to hear me say that some day
TREES I will go
Trees are the kindest things I know, Around the world that is so full of wonders.
They do no harm, they simply grow J. J. Bell
1
And spread a shade for sleepy cows, to and fro [frBu] – încolo, încoace
2
yarn [jL:n] n. – povestire
And gather birds among their boughs1. 3
to long [lAn] v. – a dori mult
They give us fruit in leaves above, 4
folks [fBuks] n. – oameni
And wood to make our houses of,
And leaves to burn on Hallowe’en,
And in the Spring new buds of green.
They are the first when day’s begun
IT’S NEVER FAIR WEATHER
To touch the beams2 of morning sun, I do not like the winter wind
They are the last to hold the light That whistles from the North.
When evening changes into night, My upper teeth and those beneath,
When a moon floats3 on the sky They jitter1 back and forth.
They hum a drowsy lullaby4 Oh, some are hanged, and some are skinned.
Of sleepy children long ago And others face the winter wind.
Trees are the kindest things I know. I do not like the summer sun
Harry Behn That scorches2 the horizon.
1
bough [bau] n. – creangă
2
Though some delight in Farenheit,
beam [bi:m] n. – rază
3
to float [flBut] v. – a pluti (pe cer) To me it’s deadly poison.
4
to hum a drowsy ['drauzP] lullaby ['lDlBbQ] – a fredona un I think life would be more fun
cântec de leagăn Without the simmering3 summer sun.
130
SUPPLEMENT ADDITIONAL READING
I do not like the signs of spring. МУ HEART’S IN THE HIGHLANDS
The fever and the chills,
The icy mud, the puny4 bud, My heart’s in the Highlands, my heart is not here,
The frozen daffodils. My heart’s in the Highlands a-chasing1 the deer,
Let other poets gaily sing: A-chasing the wild deer and following the roe2 –
I do not like the signs of spring. My heart’s in the Highlands, wherever I go!
I do not like the foggy fall Farewell3 to the Highlands, farewell to the North,
That strips the maples bare; The birthplace of valour4, the country of worth!
The radiator’s mating call, Wherever I wander, wherever I rove5,
The damp rheumatic air. The hill of the Highlands for ever I love
I fear that taken all in all Farewell to the mountains high cover’d with snow,
I do not like the foggy fall. Farewell to the straths6 and green valleys below,
The winter sun, of course, is kind, Farewell to the forests and wild-hanging woods,
And summer wind’s a savior5, Farewell to the torrents and long-pouring floods!
And I’ll merrily sing of fall and spring My heart’s in the Highlands, my heart is not here,
When they’re on their good behaviour. My heart’s in the Highlands a-chasing the deer,
But otherwise I see no reason A-chasing the wild deer and following the roe –
To speak in praise of any season. My heart’s in the Highlands, wherever I go!
1
Ogden Nash R. Burns
to jitter ['dFPtB] v. – a se agita 1
2 to chase [tENs] v. – a urmări, a goni
to scorch [skA:tE] v. – a schimba culoarea 2
3 roe [rBu] n. – căprioară
to simmer ['sPmB] v. – a înfierbânţa 3
4 farewell ['feB'wel] int. – adio
puny [pju:nP] adj. – mic, slab 4
5 valour ['vIlB] n. – curaj, bărbăţie
savior ['sNvjB] n. – salvator 5
to rove [rBuv] v. – a hoinări, a rătăci
6
STOPPING BY WOODS strath [strIJ] n. – melodie de dans popular
ON A SNOWY EVENING
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though; LEISURE
He will not see me stopping here What is this life if, full of care,
To watch his woods fill up with snow. We have no time to stand and stare?
My little hosre must think it queer No time to stand beneath the boughs
To stop without a farmhouse near And stare as long as sheep or cows.
Between the woods and frozen lake No time to see when woods we pass,
The darkest evening of the year. Where squirrels hide their nuts in grass.
He gives his harness bells a shake No time to see, in broad daylight,
To ask if there is some mistake. Streams full of stars, like skies at night.
The only other sound’s the sweep No time to turn at Beauty’s glance,
Of easy wind and downy flake. And watch her feet, how they can dance.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep. No time to wait till her mouth can
But I have promises to keep, Enrich that smile her eyes began.
And miles to go before I sleep, A poor life this is if, full of care,
And miles to go before I sleep. We have no time to stand and stare.
By Robert Frost By W. H. Davies
131
IRREGULAR VERBS
be [bi:] was/were [wîz/wF:] been [bi:n] a fi, a exista быть
beat [bi:t] beat [bi:t] beaten [bi:tn] a bate, a lovi бить
become [bP'kDm] became [bP'kNm] become [bP'kDm] a deveni стать, становиться
begin [bP'gPn] began [bP'gIn] begun [bP'gDn] a începe начинать
bend [bend] bent [bent] bent [bent] a îndoi, a se apleca наклонять(ся)
blow [blR] blew [blu:] blown [blRn] a sufla дуть
break [brNk] broke [brRk] broken ['brRkBn] a frînge, a strica бить, ломать(ся)
breed [bri:d] bred [bred] bred [bred] a creşte (animale) выводить, разводить
bring [brPH] brought [brA:t] brought [brA:t] a aduce, a produce приносить
build [bPld] built [bPlt] built [bPlt] a clădi строить
burn [bF:n] burnt [bF:nt] burnt [bF:nt] a arde, a frige гореть, жечь
buy [baP] bought [bA:t] bought [bA:t] a cumpăra покупать
catch [kItE] caught [kA:t] caught [kA:t] a prinde, a apuca ловить, хватать
choose [tEu:z] chose [tERz] chosen ['tERz n] a alege выбирать
come [kDm] came [kNm] come [kDm] a veni приходить
cost [kîst] cost [kîst] cost [kîst] a costa стоить
cut [kDt] cut [kDt] cut [kDt] a tăia, împărţi резать
dig [dPg] dug [dDg] dug [dDg] a săpa копать
do [du:] did [dPd] done [dDn] a face, a săvîrşi делать
draw [drA:] drew [dru:] drawn [drA:n] a desena рисовать
dream [dri:m] dreamt [dremt] dreamt [dremt] a visa, a-şi închipui мечтать
drink [drPHk] drank [drIHk] drunk [drDHk] a bea пить, выпить
drive [draPv] drove [drRv] driven ['drPv n] a conduce, a mîna водить машину
eat [i:t] ate [et], [ePt] eaten [i:tn] a mînca есть, кушать
fall [fA:l] fell [fel] fallen ['fA:l n] a cădea падать
feed [fi:d] fed [fed] fed [fed] a alimenta, a întreţine кормить
feel [fi:l] felt [felt] felt [felt] a simţi, a pipăi чувствовать
fight [faPt] fought [fA:t] fought [fA:t] a se lupta cu бороться, сражаться
find [fQnd] found [faMnd] found [faMnd] a (se) găsi находить
fly [flQ] flew [flu:] flown [flRn] a zbura летать
forget [fB'get] forgot [fB'gît] forgotten [fB'gîtn] a uita забывать
forgive [fB'gPv] forgave [fB'gNv] forgiven [fB'gPv n] a ierta прощать
freeze [fri:z] froze [frRz] frozen ['frRz n] a îngheţa замерзать
get [get] got [gît] got [gît] a căpăta, a procura получать
give [gPv] gave [gNv] given ['gPv n] a da давать
go [gR] went [went] gone [gîn] a merge идти
grow [grR] grew [gru:] grown [grRn] a creşte расти
hang [hIH] hung [hDH] hung [hDH] a atîrna висеть
have [hIv] had [hId] had [hId] a avea иметь
hear [hPB] heard [hF:d] heard [hF:d] a auzi, a asculta слышать
hide [haPd] hid [hPd] hidden [hPdn] a (se) ascunde прятать(ся)
hit [hPt] hit [hPt] hit [hPt] a lovi ударить(ся)
hold [hRld] held [held] held [held] a (sus) ţine, a menţine держать
hurt [hF:t] hurt [hF:t] hurt [hF:t] a răni, a jigni причинять боль
keep [ki:p] kept [kept] kept [kept] a ţine, a păstra держать, хранить
know [nR] knew [nju:] known [nRn] a şti, a cunoaşte знать
lay [leP] laid [lePd] laid [lePd] a pune, a aşterne (masa) класть, накрыть (на стол)
lead [li:d] led [led] led [led] a (con) duce, a guverna вести, руководить
learn [lF:n] learnt [lF:nt] learnt [lF:nt] a învăţa, a afla учить
leave [li:v] left [left] left [left] a părăsi, a lăsa în urmă покидать, оставлять
lend [lend] lent [lent] lent [lent] a da cu împrumut давать взаймы, одалживать
132
IRREGULAR VERBS
let [let] let [let] let [let] a lăsa, a permite позволять
lie [laP] lay [leP] lain [lePn] a sta întins лежать
lose [lu:z] lost [lîst] lost [lîst] a pierde терять
make [mNk] made [mNd] made [mNd] a face, a sili делать, заставлять
mean [mi:n] meant [ment] meant [ment] a se referi la, a însemna означать, иметь в виду
meet [mi:t] met [met] met [met] a (se) întîlni встречать(ся)
overcome overcame overcome a învinge преодолевать
[,RvB'kDm] [,RvB'kNm] [,RvB'kDm]
pay [pN] paid [pNd] paid [pNd] a plăti, a achita платить, оплачивать
put [pMt] put [pMt] put [pMt] a pune класть, положить
read [ri:d] read [red] read [red] a citi читать
ride [rQd] rode [rRd] ridden [rPdn] a călări, a mîna ехать верхом
ring [rPH] rang [rIH] rung [rDH] a suna (la sonerie, telefon) звонить
rise [rQz] rose [rRz] risen ['rPz n] a se ridica, a răsări подниматься, в(о)сходить
run [rDn] ran [rIn] run [rDn] a alerga, a curge, a dura бежать, течь, длиться (о пьесе)
say [sN] said [sed] said [sed] a zice, a afirma сказать
see [si:] saw [sA:] seen [si:n] a vedea видеть
send [send] sent [sent] sent [sent] a trimite посылать
set [set] set [set] set [set] a instala, a apune устанавливать, садиться (о солнце)
sew [sR] sewed [sRd] sewn [sRn] a coase шить
shake [ENk] shook [EMk] shaken ['ENk n] a (se) scutura трясти(сь), стряхивать
shine [EQn] shone [Eîn] shone [Eîn] a străluci сверкать, сиять
shoot [Eu:t] shot [Eît] shot [Eît] a filma; a împuşca снимать (фильм); стрелять
show [ER] showed [ERd] shown [ERn] a arăta показывать
sing [sPH] sang [sIH] sung [sDH] a cînta петь
sit [sPt] sat [sIt] sat [sIt] a şedea, a sta сидеть
sleep [sli:p] slept [slept] slept [slept] a dormi спать
smell [smel] smelt [smelt] smelt [smelt] a mirosi пахнуть, нюхать
speak [spi:k] spoke [spRk] spoken ['spRk n] a vorbi разговаривать
spell [spel] spelt [spelt] spelt [spelt] a citi literă cu literă называть слово по буквам
spend [spend] spent [spent] spent [spent] a consuma, a petrece (timpul) тратить, проводить (время)
stand [stInd] stood [stMd] stood [stMd] a sta, a se afla стоять
steal [sti:l] stole [stRl] stolen ['stRl n] a fura красть
stick [stPk] stuck [stDk] stuck [stDk] a lipi приклеивать
strike [strQk] struck [strDk] struck [strDk] a lovi ударять
strive [strQv] strove [strRv] striven ['strPv n] a se strădui, a tinde стараться, стремиться
sweep [swi:p] swept [swept] swept [swept] a mătura подметать
swim [swPm] swam [swIm] swum [swDm] a înota, a pluti плавать
take [tNk] took [tMk] taken ['tNk n] a lua брать
teach [ti:tE] taught [tA:t] taught [tA:t] a preda, a învăţa учить, обучать
tear [teB] tore [tA:] torn [tA:n] a rupe, a sfîşia рвать
tell [tel] told [tRld] told [tRld] a relata, a spune сказать, рассказывать
think [JPHk] thought [JA:t] thought [JA:t] a gîndi думать
throw [JrR] threw [Jru:] thrown [JrRn] a arunca бросать
understand understood understood a înţelege понимать
[,DndB'stInd] [,DndB'stMd] [,DndB'stMd]
upset [Dp'set] upset [Dp'set] upset [Dp'set] a răsturna, a necăji перевернуть, огорчать(ся)
wake [wNk] woke [wRk] woken ['wRk n] a (se) trezi проснуться
wear [weB] wore [wA:] worn [wA:n] a purta носить (одежду)
weave [wi:v] wove [wRv] woven ['wRv n] a ţese ткать
write [rQt] wrote [rRt] written [rPtn] a scrie писать
133
VOCABULARY
A
ability [B'bPlPti] (n) capacitate, pricepere способность, умение
acacia [B'kePEB] (n) salcîm акация
to accessorize [ák'sás(á)raiz] (v) a folosi accesorii использовать аксессуары
accommodation [B,kîmB'dePE n] (n) spaţiu locativ жилье
accountant [B'kaMntBnt] (n) contabil бухгалтер
achieve [B'tEi:v] (v) a realiza, a dobîndi достигать
actually ['IktEuBli] (adv) de fapt фактически
add [Id] (v) a adăuga; a aduna добавлять; прибавлять
adequate ['IdPkw t] (adj) corespunzător, adecvat соответствующий
admire [Bd'mQB] (v) a admira восхищаться, любоваться
advertisement [Bd'vF:tPsmBnt] (n) anunţ, reclamă объявление, реклама
advise [Bd'vQz] (v) a sfătui, a povăţui советовать
affect [B'fekt] (v) a afecta влиять, действовать
aim [Nm] (n) ţel, scop цель, намерение
air hostess ['eB'hBMstPs] (n) stewardesă стюардесса
alert [B'lF:t] (v) a alerta, a pune în stare de alarmă, привести в состояние готовности,
alter ['A:ltB] a modifica переделывать
amount [B'maMnt] (v) a totaliza составлять
amuse [B'mju:z] (v) a distra, a amuza забавлять, развлекать
ancestor ['InsBstB] (n) strămoş, străbun предок
ankle ['IHk l] (n) gleznă лодыжка
announce [B'naMns] (v) a anunţa объявлять
announcer [B'naMnsB] (n) crainic диктор
anthem ['Inéám] (n) imn гимн
antiquity [In'tPkw ti] (n) antichitate древность, античность
anxiety [IH'zQBti] (n) nelinişte, îngrijorare беспокойство, тревога
application [,IplP'kNE n] (n) cerere (scrisă) заявление
appliqué [B'plikN] (n) aplicaţie, dantelă аппликация
appoint [B'pAPnt] (v) a numi (în funcţie), a desemna назначать
appropiate [B'prRpri t] (adj) potrivit подходящий
aquiline ['IkwPlQn] (adj) (nas) acvilin, coroiat орлинный (нос)
area ['eBriB] (n) arie, suprafaţă площадь
argue ['L:gju:] (n) a argumenta, a se certa доказывать, спорить
arm ['L:m] (n) braţ, mînă рука (от кисти до плеча)
arm-pit ['L:m,pPt] (n) subsuoară подмышка
arrival [B'rQvBl] (n) sosire прибытие
artificial [,L:tP'fPE l] (adj) artificial искусственный
artisan [,L:tP'zIn] (n) artizan, meşteşugar ремесленник
artisanship [,L:t 'zInEPp] (n) artizanat художественное ремесло
ash [IE] (n) frasin ясень
astonishing [B'stOnPEPH] (adj) uluitor, uimitor удивидельный
attempt [B'tempt] (v) a încerca пытаться
attendance [B'tendBns] (n) frecvenţă посещаемость
audience ['A:diBns] (n) spectatori, public, auditoriu аудитория, зрители
auxiliary [A:g'zPlPBrP] (adj) auxiliar, ajutător вспомогательный
B
badge ['bIdæ] (n) emblemă, insignă значок
baggy ['bIgï] (adj) lăbărțat мешковатый
bake [bePk] (v) a coace печь
134
VOCABULARY
baking powder ['bePkPH 'paMdB] (n) praf de copt пекарный порошок
baking sheet ['bePkPH 'Ei:t] (n) tavă (de copt) противень
bald [bA:ld] (adj) chel, pleşuv лысый, плешивый
baptize [bIp'taPz] (v) a boteza крестить
basement ['beïsmBnt] (n) subsol, pivniță подвальный этаж, подвал
basil ['bIz l] (n) busuioc базилик
beak [bi:k] (n) cioc, plisc клюв
beat [bi:t] (v) a bate, a lovi взбивать, ударять
bed sheet ['bed 'Ei:t] (n) cearşaf простынь
bedding ['bedPH] (n) lenjerie de pat, aşternut постельные принадлежности
beef [bi:f] (n) carne de vită говядина
befriend [bP'frend] (v) a se împrieteni подружиться
behave [bP'hNv] (v) a se purta, a se comporta вести себя
ill-behaved (adj) cu purtare rea с плохим поедением
bend [bend] (v) a (se) îndoi, a (se) încovoia сгибать(ся), гнуть(ся)
be on ['bi: 'An] (phr v) a prezenta un spectacol, a rula идти (о спектакле, фильме)
berth [bF:J] (n) poliţă-pat (în tren) спальное место (в поезде)
betray [bP'trN] (v) a trăda предать, изменять
betrayal [bP'trNBl] (n) trădare, înşelare предательство, измена
beverage ['bevBrPdG] (n) băutură (preparată) напиток
bitter ['bPtB] (adj) amar горький
blanket ['blIHkPt] (n) cuvertură, pătură одеяло
blazer ['blNzB] (n) sacou пиджак
bless [bles] (v) a binecuvînta благославлять
blind [blQnd] (adj) orb, nevăzător слепой
blink [blPHk] (v) a clipi (din ochi) мигать, щуриться
bluebell ['blu:bel] (n) clopoţel (bot.) колокольчик
blue tit ['blu:'tPt] (n) piţigoi синица, лазоревка
board [bA:d] (v) a îmbarca, a se urca la bord сесть (на корабль)
boarding school ['bA:dPH 'sku:l] (n) şcoală cu internat школа-интернат
bobsled ['bAbsled] (n) sanie санки, бобслей
boil [bAPl] (v) a fierbe кипятить, варить
book [bMk] (v) a rezerva bilete заказывать
boring ['bA:rPH] (adj) plicticos, plictisitor скучный
bosom ['bMzBm] (n) sîn, piept грудь
bowl [bBMl] (n) strachină, castron миска
Braille [brNl] (n) scrierea Braille шрифт Брайля (для слепых)
bravery ['brNv rP] (n) сuraj храбрость
break out ['brNk ,aMt] (phr v) a izbucni, a începe разразиться
break up ['brNk,Dp] (phr v) a se despărţi, a se dispersa разрывать отношения
breasts [brests] (n) sîni грудь
breathe [bri:C] (v) a respira дышать
brick house ['brPk ,haMs] (n) casă din cărămidă кирпичный дом
bride [brQd] (n) mireasă невеста
bride-groom ['brQdgru:m] (n) mire жених
bridesmaid ['brQdzmNd] (n) domnişoară de onoare подруга невесты
broadcast ['brA:dkL:st] (n) emisiune (radio) радиопередача
brother-in-law ['brDCBrinlA:] (n) cumnat шурин
bruise [bru:z] (v) a zgîria, a juli, a face o vînătaie царапать, подставлять синяки
brush up [,brDE 'Dp] (phr v) a perfecţiona усовершенствовать
built-in-wardrobe [,bPltPn'wA:drBMb] (n) dulap în perete встроенный шкаф
bunch [bãntä] (n) mănunchi, legătură, ciorchine пучок, гроздь
bunk bed ['bDHk ,bed] (n) pat cu două nivele койка (двухярусная)
burial ['beriBl] (n) înmormîntare похороны
135
VOCABULARY
bury ['berP] (v) a îngropa, a înmormînta хоронить
bush [bME] (n) tufiş, arbust куст
butcher ['bMtEB] (n) măcelar мясник
button ['bDtn] (n) nasture пуговица
C
cabbage rolls ['kIbPdG 'rRlz] (n) sarmale голубцы
cabinet ['kIbPnPt] (n) dulap шкаф
calf [kL:f] (n) pulpă, gambă (anat.) икра (ноги)
calm [kL:m] (adj) calm, senin спокойный
calmness ['kL:mnPs] (n) linişte, calmitate тишина, спокойствие
cameraman ['kImBrBmIn] (n) operator cinematografic кинооператор
commander-in-chief [,kB'mL:nd rPn'tEi:f] (n) comandant suprem главнокомандующий
compete [kBm'pi:t] (v) a concura, a rivaliza соревновать(ся), конкурировать
canary [kB'neBrP] (n) canar канарейка
candid ['kIndPd] (adj) sincer, onest, cinstit искренний, чистосердечный
canned [kInd] (adj) conservat консервированный
canoeing [kB'nu:PH] (n) canotaj каноэ
canvas ['kInvBs] (n) pînză, canava; ţesătură холст; канва
canyon ['kInján] (n) canion каньон, глубокое ущелие
capture ['kIptEB] (v) a captura захватить
care for ['keBfA:] (phr v) a avea grijă de заботиться
caress [kB'res] (v) a mîngîia, a dezmierda ласкать, гладить
cargo ['kL:gBu] (n) încărcătură груз
carol ['kIrBl] (n) colind (ă) коляда, колядка
carriage ['kIrPdG] (n) vagon, trăsură вагон, карета
cartoon film [kL:'tu:n 'fPlm] (n) desen animat мультфильм
carve [kL:v] (v) a ciopli, a sculpta; a tăia резать, вырезать
carry out [kIri 'aMt] (phr v) a îndeplini выполнять, доводить до конца
catch up (with) [kItE 'Dp] (phr v) a ajunge pe cineva din urmă догнать
cement [sP'ment] (n) ciment цемент
celebrate ['selPbrNt] (v) a sărbători праздновать
celebration [,sel 'brNEBn] (n) sărbătoare, celebrare празднование
ceremony ['ser mBni] (n) ceremonie, solemnitate обряд, церемония
challenge ['täIl ndæ] (n) provocare, chemare вызов
channel [tEInl] (n) canal канал, пролив
charity ['tEIr ti] (n) caritate милосердие, благотворительность
chart ['täL: t] (n) tabelă, schemă, hartă marină схема, таблица, морская карта
cheat [tEi:t] (v) a înşela, a păcăli, a amăgi обманывать, мошенничать
check [tEek] (v) a verifica, a controla проверять
check in [tEek 'Pn] (phr v) a se înregistra регистрироваться
check out [tEek 'aMt] (phr v) a achita cazarea la hotel выписаться (из гостиницы)
checked ['tEekt] (adj) în carouri клетчатый
cheerful ['tEPBful] (adj) vesel, bine dispus, voios веселый, бодрый
chop [tEOp] (v) a tăia bucăţi, a hăcui рубить, нарезать
christen ['krPsBn] (v) a boteza крестить
christening ['krPs nPH] (n) botezare; botez крещение
churchyard ['tEF:tEjL:d] (n) cimitir, loc de veci кладбище, церковный двор
cinema goer ['sPn mB 'gBMB] (n) amator de cinema кинолюбитель
clay house ['klN ,haMs] (n) casă de lut дом из глины
clear [klPB] (adj) clar, luminos, senin ясный, светлый, чистый
136
VOCABULARY
clerk [klL:k] (n) funcţionar клерк, чиновник
close friend [,klBMs 'frend] (n) prieten apropiat близкий друг
closet ['klOzPt] (n) cămară кладовая
clumsy ['klDmzi] (adj) stîngaci, neîndemînatic неуклюжий, неловкий
coach [kBMtE] (n) antrenor тренер
coffee grinder ['kAfi 'grQndB] (n) rîşniţă de cafea кофемолка
coffin ['kOfPn] (n) coşciug, sicriu гроб
cognitive ['kAgnïtïv] (adj) cognitiv познавательный
to collapse [ká'lIps] (v) a cădea, a se prăbuși свалиться от болезни
communication [kB,mju:nP'kNE n] (n) comunicare связь, (со)общение
compartment [kBm'pL:tmBnt] (n) compartiment, cupeu купе
compassion [kBm'pIE n] (n) milă, compasiune жалость, сострадание
composition [,kOmpB'zPE n] (n) compoziţie (de flori) композиция (цветная)
to comprehend [kàmprï'hBnd] (v) a înțelege понимать
compulsory [kBm'pDls ri] (adj) obligatoriu обязательный
computer [kBm'pju:tB] (n) calculator, computer компьютер
concrete house ['kOHkri:t ,haMs] (n) casă de beton дом из железобетонных блоков
contain [kBn'tNn] (v) a conţine, a include содержать
contest ['kOntest] (n) întrecere, concurs соревнование
cooker ['kMkB] (n) plită de gătit плита
coordinate [kBM'A:dPnNt] (v) a coordona согласовать
cosmopolitan [kOzmB'pOlPt n] (n) cosmopolit космополит
cotton ['kOtn] (n) bumbac, ţesătură de bumbac хлопок
couple ['kDpBl] (n) pereche, cuplu пара
courage ['kDrPdG] (n) curaj храбрость, смелость
courageous [kB'rNdGBs] (adj) curajos смелый, отважный
course [kA:s] (n) a course of ciclu de (lecţii) курс (лекций)
cradle [krNdl] (n) leagăn колыбель
craft [krL:ft] (n) meserie ремесло
craftsman ['krL:ftsmBn] (n) meseriaş мастер, ремесленник
cricket ['krPkPt] (n) crichet (sport) крикет
criticize ['krPtPsQz] (v) a critica критиковать
crochet ['krBMEN] (v) a croşeta вязать крючком
crocus ['krBMkBs] (n) brînduşă, şofran (bot.) шафран, крокус (бот.)
crooked ['krMkPd] (adj) încovoiat, cocoşat, strîmb изогнутый, сгорбленный, кривой
crow [krBM] (n) cioară ворона
crown [kraMn] (v) a încorona короновать
crutch [krDtE] (n) cîrjă костыль
cuisine [kwP’zi:n] (n) bucătărie (alimentaţie) кухня (питание)
cup [kDp] (n) cupă, ceaşcă кубок, чашка
curly ['kF:li] (adj) creţ, ondulat кудрявый, волнистый
curriculum [kB'rPkjulBm] (n) curriculum, program de studiu куррикулум, программа
cut lessons [,kDt 'les nz] (v) a lipsi de la ore пропускать уроки
cut out [kDt 'aMt] (phr v) a croi вырезать, кроить
D
damage ['dImPdG] (v) a vătăma повреждать, ушибить
deaf [def] (adj) surd глухой, предназначать
deal with ['di:l wPC] (phr v) a avea de a face cu ceva/cineva иметь дело с чем-л./кем-л.
p. & p.p. dealt [delt]
debate [dP'bNt] (v) a polemiza обсуждать
decisive [dP'sQsPv] (adj) decisiv решающий
137
VOCABULARY
deck [dek] (n) punte палуба
dedicate ['dedPkNt] (v) a dedica посвящать
deep [dP:p] (adj) profund глубокий
defeat [dP'fi:t] (v) a învinge, a înfrînge наносить поражение
deficiency [dP'fPE nsi] (n) deficienţă недостаток
delay [dP'lN] (v) a amîna, a întîrzia откладывать, опаздывать
delegate ['delPgNt] (v) a delega, a încredinţa уполномачивать
deliberately [dP'lPb r tli] (adv) intenţionat, dinadins умышленно
deliver [dP'lPvB] (v) a furniza доставлять
depart [dP'pL:t] (v) a pleca уезжать, уходить
departure [dP'pL:tEB] (n) plecare отправление
deprived [dP'prQvd] (adj) lipsit de лишенный
design [dP'zQn] (v) a proiecta; a destina проектировать
destination [,destP'nNE n] (n) destinaţie место назначения
destroy [dP'strAP] (v) a distruge разрушать
devotion [dï'vBuäBn] (n) devotament преданность
dimple ['dïmpl] (n) gropiță (în obraz) ямочка (на щеке)
disability [,disB'bPl ti] (n) incapacitate, neputinţă неспособность, нетрудоспособность
disappear [,dPsB'pPB] (v) a dispărea исчезать
disappoint [,dPsB'pAPnt] (v) a dezamăgi, a decepţiona разочаровать
disgusting [,dPs'gDstPH] (adj) desgustător, răspingător, scîrbos отвратительный
dish [dPE] (n) veselă, fel de mîncare посуда, блюдо
dismiss [dPs'mPs] (v) a concedia, a elibera увольнять, отпускать, освобождать
to display [dï'spleï] (v) a expune, a prezenta, a manifesta показывать, выставлять
device [dï'vais] (n) dispozitiv прибор
divide [dP'vQd] (v) a împărţi разделять
doorknob ['dA:nOb] (n) mîner (la uşă) дверная ручка
dot [dOt] (n) punct точка
double bed [,dDb l 'bed] (n) pat dublu двуспальная кровать
double-deck bed [,dDb l 'dek bed] (n) pat în două nivele двухярусная кровать
doubt [daMt] (n) îndoială сомнение
dough [dBM] (n) aluat тесто
dove [dDv] (n) porumbel голубь
to doze [dBuz] (v) a moțăi, a dormi ușor дремать
dozen ['dãzn] (n) duzină, doisprezece дюжина
draughts [drL:fts] (n) joc de dame шашки
drawer [drA:] (n) sertar выдвижной ящик
dubbing ['dDbPH] (n) dublare, dublaj дублирование (фильма)
dumb [dDm] (adj) mut немой
durable ['djMBrBb l] (adj) durabil прочный
dye [daP] (v) (n) a vopsi, vopsea красить, краска
E
eagle ['i:gl] (n) vultur орел
educator ['edjMkNtB] (n) educator воспитатель
egg white ['eg wQt] (n) albuş de ou яичный белок
egg yolk ['eg jBMk] (n) gălbenuş de ou яичный желток
elbow ['elbBM] (n) cot локоть
embrace [Pm'brNs] (v) a îmbrăţişa обнимать
embroider [Pm'brAPdB] (v) a broda вышивать
empathy ['empBéï] (n) empatie сочувствие
employ [Pm'plAP] (v) a angaja (personal, în serviciu) нанимать, предоставлять работу
138
VOCABULARY
employed [Pm'plAPd] (adj) angajat служащий
employment [Pm'plAPmBnt] (n) ocupaţie занятие
to enable [ï'neïbl] (v) a da posibilitate de a давать возможность
end in a draw (phr) a termina o partidă la egalitate заканчивать вничью
endure [Pn'djMB] (v) a îndura, a răbda выносить, терпеть
engage [Pn'gNdG] (v) a angaja, a năimi, a logodi нанимать, обручиться
engagement [Pn'gNdGmBnt] (n) logodnă помолвка
enjoyable [Pn'dGAPBb l] (adj) plăcut, frumos приятный, доставляющий удовольствие
enquiry office [Pn'kwQBri 'Ofis] (n) informaţie, birou/ghişeu de informaţie справочная, справочное бюро
entertainment [,entB'tNnmBnt] (n) distracţie развлечение
environment [Pn'vQBr nmBnt] (n) mediu ambiant окружающая среда
equator [i'kwNtB] (n) ecuator экватор
equip [P'kwip] (v) a înzestra, a echipa, a utila снаряжать, оборудовать
equipment [ï'kwïpmBnt] (n) utilaj оборудование
even ['i:v n] (v) a egaliza (un scor) равнять (счет)
execution [,eksP'kju:En] (n) execuţie казнь
expect [Pk'spekt] (v) a aştepta, a se aştepta ожидать, надеяться
expel [Pk'spel] (v) a elimina, a exclude исключать
expensive [Pk'spensPv] (adj) scump, costisitor дорогостоящий
experienced [Pk'spPBriBnst] (adj) cu experienţă; calificat опытный, знающий
express [Pk'spres] (n) (tren) expres, rapid скорый (поезд)
extract (food) ['ekstrIkt] (n) esență экстракт, эссенция
F
to facilitate [fB'sïlïteït] (v) a facilita, a înlesni облегчать
fabric ['fIbrPk] (n) ţesătură ткань
fancy ['fInsï] (n) frumos красивый
fame [fNm] (n) glorie известность, слава
fasten ['fL:s n] (v) a încheia, a fixa привязывать, прикреплять
fat [fIt] (adj) gras, plin полный, упитанный
father-in-law ['fL:CBrPnlA:] (n) socru свекор, тесть
fault [fA:lt] (n) greşală ошибка
favour, in favour of [Pn 'fNvBrBv] (phr) în favoarea в пользу
fearless ['fïBlïs] (adj) neînfricat бесстрашный
feelings ['fi:lPHz] (n) sentimente чувства, ощущения
fencing ['fensiH] (n) scrimă фехтование
ferry ['feri] (n) feribot паром
fiancé [,fPL:n'sN] (n) logodnic жених
fiancée [,fPL:n'sN] (n) logodnică невеста
fibre [fQbB] (n) fibră волокно, ткань
fierce ['fïBs] (adj) aspru суровый
fire [fQB] (v) a trage cu arma, a împuşca стрелять, вести огонь
fist [fPst] (n) pumn кулак
flat [flIt] (adj) plat, întins плоский, ровный
flat footed [,flIt 'fMtPd] (adj) cu picior plat плоскостопный
fleet [flP:t] (n) flotă флот
flour ['flaMB] (n) făină мука
flowerbed ['flauábed] (n) strat/răzor de flori клумба
focus ['fRkBs] (v) a concentra сосредоточивать(ся)
forearm ['fA:rL:m] (n) antebraţ предплечье
fore parent [fA: 'peBr nt] (n) strămoş, străbun предок
foreigner ['fOrinB] (n) străin иностранец
139
VOCABULARY
forgive [fB'gPv] (n) a ierta прощать
former ['fà:mB] (adj) fost, anterior, бывший, прежний
fresh [freE] (adj) proaspăt свежий
friendless ['frendlPs] (adj) fără prieteni одинокий
fry [frQ] (v) a prăji жарить
frying pan ['frQPH,pIn] (v) tigaie сковорода
full-time [,fMl'tQm] (adj) (adv) zi de lucru deplină полный рабочий день
G
gain [gNn] (v) a cîştiga достигать, добиваться
garlic juice ['gL:lPk ,dGu:s] (n) mujdei чесночный соус
garment ['gL:mBnt] (n) îmbrăcăminte одежда
garnish ['gL:nPE] (v) a garnisi, a împodobi украшать, отделывать
gateway ['gNtwN] (n) intrare ворота
gather ['gICB] (v) a strînge, a aduna собирать, скоплять
general education studii medii среднее образование
['dGenBrBl ,edjM'kNE n] (n)
get together ['get tB,geCB] (v) a (se) aduna, a (se) întruni встречаться, собираться
to giggle ['gïg(á)l] (v) a chicoti, a se hlizi хихикать
ginger ['dæïndæB] (adj) culoare roșcată/brun roșcat рыжеватый цвет (волос)
godchild ['gOd,tEQld] (n) fin, fină крестник, крестница
godfather ['gOd ,fL:CB] (n) naş крестный отец
godparents ['gOd ,peBr nts] (n) naşi крестные родители
Good Friday [,gMd 'frQdP] (n) Vinerea Mare Святая Пятница перед Пасхой
government ['gDv nmBnt] (n) guvern правительство
graceful ['grNsful] (adj) graţios, elegant грациозный, изящный
graceless ['grNslPs] (adj) lipsit de graţie, stîngaci некрасивый, непривлекательный
grade [grNd] (n) (Am.) clasă класс
graduate ['grIdju t] (n) absolvent, licenţiat выпускник
grave [grNv] (n) mormînt могила
gravy ['greïvï] (n) zeamă/suc de carne, sos de friptură подливка (из сока жаркого), соус
grease [gri:s] (v) a unge (cu grăsime) смазывать
grieve [gri:v] (about, at, for) (phr v) a se întrista огорчаться, горевать
grill [grPl] (n) grătar рашпер
gown [gaMn] (n) rochie (lungă, de seară) платье (вечернее)
guilty ['gPltP] (adj) vinovat виновен
gymnasium [dGPm'nNzPBm] (n) gimnaziu гимназия
H
habitual [hB'bPtEuBl] (adj) obişnuit, comun; curent привычный, обычный
hammer ['hImB] (n) ciocan молоток
hammer nails (v) a bate cuie забивать гвозди
handicap ['hIndPkIp] (n) handicap физический недостаток
hand in [,hInd'Pn] (phr v) a înmîna вручать
handsome ['hInsBm] (adj) frumos, chipeş красивый
harbour [ 'hL:bBr] (n) port гавань, порт
hard [hL:d] (adj) vîrtos, tare, dur твердый, жесткий
hard-working ['hL:dwF:kPH] (adj) harnic, muncitor, silitor трудолюбивый
harmful ['hL:mfMl] (adj.) dăunător, periculos вредный, опасный
harsh [hL:E] (adj.) sever строгий
haughty ['hA:ti] (adj) mîndru, arogant гордый
hawk [hA:k] (n) şoim ястреб
140
VOCABULARY
head-master [,hed'mL:stB] (n) director de şcoală директор школы
head-mistress [,hed'mPstr s] (n) directoare de şcoală директрисса
heater ['hi:tB] (n) încălzitor, cămin нагревательный прибор
heel [hi:l] (n) călcîi, toc (la încălţăminte) пятка, каблук
highland ['hQlBnd] (n) regiune muntoasă горная местность
hockey stick ['hOkP ,stPk] (n) crosă клюшка
hoist [hàPst] (v) a ridica поднимать
hold [hBMld] (v) a ţine, a organiza проводить
home-made [,hBMm'mNd] (adj) de casă, lucrat/făcut în casă домашнего изготовления
honey-moon ['hDnimu:n] (n) lună de miere медовый месяц
honour ['OnB] (n) cinste, onoare честь, почести
hooded ['hudPd] (adj) cu glugă с капюшоном
hook [hMk] (n) cîrlig крючок
house, stone house ['stBMn ,haMs] (n) casă de piatră каменный дом
hub [hDb] (n) fig. centru центр деятельности
humour ['hju:mB] (n) umor юмор
I
idiom ['PdPBm] (n) expresie idiomatică, idiomă идиома
to ignore [ï'gnà:] (v) a ignora игнорировать
illness ['Pln s] (n) boală болезнь
improvement [Pm'pru:vmBnt] (n) îmbunătăţire, perfecţionare улучшение, усовершенствование
include [Pn'klu:d] (v) a include, a cuprinde включать, заключать
index ['Pndeks] (n) arătător (deget), index указательный палец
industrious [Pn'dDstrPBs] (adj) harnic, silitor, vrednic трудолюбивый, усердный
ineffective [,PnP'fektPv] (adj) fără rezultat, neefectiv безрезультатный
influence ['PnfluBns] (v) a influienţa влиять
ingredient [Pn'grP:dPBnt] (n) ingredient, parte componentă ингредиент, составная часть
inhabit [Pn'hIbPt] (v) a locui, a popula населять
inherit [Pn'herPt] (v) a moşteni (у)наследовать
install [Pn'stA:l] (v) a instala устанавливать
integrate ['PntPgrNt] (v) a integra, a alcătui, a constitui составлять целое
interpreter [Pn'tF:prPtB] (n) interpret, translator переводчик (устный)
iron ['QBn] (n) fier de călcat утюг, железо
ironing ['QBnPH] (n) călcat, călcare (cu fierul) глаженье, утюжка
irresponsible [,PrP'spOns b l] (adj) iresponsabil безответственный
J
jog [dGOg] (v) a alerga încet бегать трусцой
jolly ['dGOli] (adj) bine dispus, vesel веселый, радостный
joyous ['dGAPBs] (adj) vesel, voiois веселый, радостный
jubilation ['dGu:bP'lNE n] (n) jubilare празднование
jubilee ['dGu:bPli:] (n) jubileu юбилей
juicy ['dGu:si] (adj) suculent сочный
justify ['dGDstPfQ] (v) a justifica, a motiva оправдывать
K
kick [kPk] (v) a lovi cu piciorul ударять ногой
knee [ni:] (n) genunchi колено
141
VOCABULARY
knitting needles ['nPtPH 'ni:dlz] (n) andrele, ace de tricotat спицы для вязания
knitwear ['nPtweB] (n) tricotaj трикотажные изделия
knuckle ['nDk l] (n) articulaţie a degetelor сустав пальца
L
lace [lNs] (n) dantelă; şiret кружево; шнурок
lack (of) ['lIk(BD)] (n) lipsă (de) недостаток (чего-либо)
ladle [lNdl] (n) polonic, lingură mare половник
lamb [lIm] (n) miel, carne de miel барашек/ягнёнок
lark [lL:k] (n) ciocîrlie жаворонок
lasting ['lL:stPH] (adj) de durată lungă длительный
lasting friendship prietenie trainică (de durată) крепкая дружба
['lL:stPH 'frendEPp] (n)
lawn ['lA:n] (n) peluză газон, лужайка
lawyer ['lA:jB] (n) avocat адвокат
lay the table ['lN CB 'tNbl] (phr) a pune masa, a aşterne masa накрывать на стол
lend a hand ['lendB 'hInd] (phr) a da o mînă de ajutor помогать, протянуть руку помощи
leprechaun ['leprB'kà:n] (n) spiriduș (în folclorul irlandez) эльф
liar ['lQB] (n) minciunos обманщик
lie [lQ] (v) a minţi обманывать
liking ['lQkPH] (n) preferinţă симпатия
lime [lQm] (n) 1. var; 2. tei (bot.); lămîie verde 1. известь; 2. липа; разновидность лимона
linden ['lPndBn] (n) tei (bot.) липа
linen ['lPnPn] (n) pînză (de in); albituri, lenjerie полотно, холст; белье
liner ['lQnB] (n) navă, transatlantic пассажирский пароход или самолет
little finger ['lPtl 'fPHgB] (n) degetul mic мизинец
live [lQv] (adj) (programme) pe viu, în direct (emisiune) (здесь) прямая трансляция
loaf [lBMf] (n) franzelă, pîine (de anumită formă) буханка
long-legged ['lAHlegd] (adj) înalt, cu picioare lungi длинноногий
look after [lMk'L:ftB] (phr v) a avea grijă присматривать, заботиться
loose [lM:s] (adj.) larg (haină) широкий (об одежде)
lowland ['lBMlBnd] (n) şes низкая местность
M
magpie ['mIgpQ] (n) coţofană сорока
maintain [men'tNn] (v) a menţine, a susţine, a întreţine поддерживать
make a film ['mNkB'fPlm] (phr) a produce un film снимать фильм
manage ['mInPdG] (v) a conduce, a mînui, a dirija руководить, управлять
manufacture [,mInju'fIktEB] (v) a fabrica, a confecţiona производить, фабриковать
maple ['mNp l] (n) arţar клён
marvelous ['mL:vBlBs] (adj) minunat, uimitor, extraordinar удивительный, изумительный
mastery ['mL:stBri] (n) perfecţiune мастерство, совершенство
measure ['meGB] (n) măsură мерка, мера
measurement ['meGBmBnt] (n) măsurare, măsură измерение
meet [mi:t] (v) a satisface удовлетворять
membership ['membBEPp] (n) comunitate, societate, членство
calitate de membru
mental [mentl] (adj) mintal, intelectual умственный
middle-finger ['mPdlfPHgB] (n) deget mijlociu средний палец
mind [mQnd] (v) a fi atent la, a nu uita помнить, заботиться
miss the train ['mPs CB 'trNn] (phr) a întîrzia la tren опоздать на поезд
142
VOCABULARY
mother-in-law ['mDCBrPnlA:] (n) soacră свекровь, теща
mould [mBMld] (v) a modela моделировать
mountaineering [,maMnt 'nPBrPH] (n) alpinism альпинизм
muscle ['mDs l] (n) muşchi мышца
mutton [mãtn] (n) carne de oaie баранина
N
nail [nNl] (n) unghie, cui ноготь; гвоздь
narrow ['nIrBM] (adj) îngust, limitat узкий, тесный
naval [nePv l] (adj) naval, de marină, marin морской, флотский
navigable ['nIvPgBb l] (adj) navigabil судоходный
network ['netwB:k] (n) reţea сеть
newsreel ['nju:zri:l] (n) jurnal de actualităţi хроника, киножурнал
nightingale ['nQtPHgNl] (n) privighetoare соловей
noodles [nu:dlz] (n) tăiţei лапша (домашняя)
nurse [nF:s] (n) soră medicală; dădacă няня; мед. сестра
O
obstruct [Bb'strDkt] (v) a bloca заграждать
one way ticket (n) bilet pentru o călătorie билет в одно направление
opt for ['Opt fà:] (phr v) a opta, a se decide pentru решить(ся) на
outfit ['aMtfPt] (n) set de haine комплект одежды
outfitter ['aMtfPtB] (n) magazin de haine (furnizor) магазин готовой одежды
outstanding [aMt’stIndPH] (adj.) remarcabil известный
oven ['Dv n] (n) cuptor печь
P
pace [pNs] (v) a păşi, a se plimba шагать
palm [pL:m] (n) palmă ладонь
part-time [,pL:t 'tQm] (adj) zi incompletă de muncă неполный (рабочий день)
pass on [pL:s 'On] (phr v) a trece (clasa) переходить (класс)
pastry brush ['pNstri 'brDE] (n) perie de uns tava кисть для смазывания противней
pat [pIt] (v) a bate uşor cu palma pe umăr похлопывать кого-либо по плечу
path [pL:J] (n) cărare тропинка
patience ['pNE ns] (n) răbdare, îngăduinţă терпение
pattern ['pItBn] (n) model образец, пример
pattern pieces ['pItBn 'pi:sPz] (n) tipar (pentru croit) выкройки
peel [pi:l] (v) a curăţa, a decoji чистить, снимать кожицу
peer [pPB] (n) persoană de o vîrstă ровестник
permanent ['pF:mBnBnt] (adj) permanent, stabil постоянный
pet [pet] (v) a răsfăţa, a mîngîia, a dezmerda ласкать
pickle(s) ['pPk l(z)] (n) murătură, murături соленье, соленья
pictures ['pPktEBz] (n) cinema кино
picturesque [,pPktEB'resk] (adj) pitoresc живописный
pie [pQ] (n) plăcintă, tartă пирог, пирожок
pierce [pPBs] (v) a străpunge пронзать
pile [pQl] (v) a îngrămădi, a aduna складывать
pillowcase ['pPlBMkNs] (n) faţă de pernă наволочка
pity ['pPti] (n) compătimire, compasiune сострадание, сожаление
plait [plIt] (v) a împleti în cosiţe; a împleti заплетать; плести
143
VOCABULARY
plumber ['plDmB] (n) instalator (de apă şi canal) водопроводчик
pork [pA:k] (n) carne de porc свинина
porthole ['pA:thBMl] (n) ferestruică (în avion, corabie) иллюминатор
poster ['pBMstB] (n) poster, afiş плакат, объявление
poultry ['pBMltri] (n) carne de pasăre, păsări domestice курица (мясо), домашняя птица
pour [pA:] (v) a turna, a vărsa лить, вливать
to preheat [pri:'hi:t] (v) a preîncălzi подогревать
previous ['pri:viBs] (adj) anterior, precedent предыдущий
print [prPnt] (v) a tipări печатать
printing ['prPntPH] (n) tipar печатание, тираж
processing [prB'sesPH] (n) proces de prelucrare обработка (материала)
produce a film (phr. v) a ecraniza, a turna un film поставить кинокартину
[prB'dju:s B 'film]
proficiency [prB'fPE nsi] (n) competenţă, experienţă опытность, умение
promote [prB'mRt] (v) a promova, a susţine повышать, содействовать
protect [prB'tekt] (v) a proteja, a apăra защищать
provide [prB'vQd] (v) a asigura обеспечивать
pull [pMl] (v) a trage тянуть
purchase ['pF:tE s] (v) a cumpăra, a căpăta покупать, приобрести
purpose ['pF:pBs] (n) scop намерение, цель
purposeful ['pF:pBsful] (adj) avînd un scop, hotărît, intenţionat целеустремленный, умышленный
purposeless ['pF:pBslPs] inutil бесцельный, бесполезный
push [pME] (v) a împinge толкать
Q
quail [kwNl] (n) prepeliţă перепел
quarrel ['kwOrBl] (v) a se certa ссориться
R
racket ['rIkPt] (n) rachetă (de tenis) ракетка (теннисная)
railing ['rNlPH] (n) balustradă перила, ограда
rainfall ['rNnfà:l] (n) cantitate de precipitaţii кол-во осадков
rainforest ['rNnfàrPst] (n) pădure tropicală тропический лес
raven ['rNvBn] (n) corb ворон
reception [rP'sepE n] (n) primire, recepţie прием
recipe ['res pP] (n) reţetă рецепт
recollect [,rekB'lekt] (v) a-şi aminti вспоминать, припоминать
recruit [rP'kru:t] (v) a recruta вербовать, набирать (в армию)
reduce [rP'dju:s] (v) a reduce, a coborî понижать, уменьшать
referee [,refB'ri:] (n) arbitru спортивный судья
regain ['rP'gNn] (v) a recăpăta, a recîştiga вновь приобрести, получить обратно
reliable [rP'lQBb l] (adj) demn de încredere надежный, прочный
to rely [rP'lQ] (v) a se bizui полагаться, доверять
to rely on [rP'lQ On] (phr. v) a se bizui pe полагаться на, доверять кому-либо
remind [rP'mQnd] (v) a aminti напоминать
replace [rP'plNs] (v) a înlocui, a schimba cu locul заменять
reporting [rP'pA:tPH] (n) prezentare отчет, доклад
require [rP'kwQB] (v) a cere, a solicita требовать, нуждаться
requirement [rP'kwQBmBnt] (n) cerinţă, condiţie de bază требование, необходимое условие
research [rP'sF:tE] (v) a cerceta, a investiga исследовать
resign [rP'zQn] (v) a demisiona подать в отставку
144
VOCABULARY
restrict [rP'strPkt] (v) a limita, a interzice ограничивать, запрещать
return ticket [rï'tå:n] (n) bilet dus-întors обратный билет
reveal [rP'vi:l] (v) a dezvălui, a descoperi открывать
revive [rP'vaiv] (v) a reînvia, a renaşte возрождать, оживлять
rim [rPm] (v) a înconjura окружать
ring finger ['rPH,fPHgB] (n) deget inelar безымянный палец
ripe [rQp] (adj) copt, matur спелый, зрелый
roast [rBMst] (n) friptură жаркое
robin ['rObPn] (n) prihor, măcăleandru малиновка (птица)
rock [rOk] (n) rocă, stîncă скала
rough [rDf] (adj) aspru, brutal грубый, невежливый
rustle ['rDs l] (v) a tremăta, a murmura шелестеть, шуршать
S
sacrifice ['sIkrPfQs] (n) sacrificiu жертва, жертвоприношение
safety-belt ['sNfti belt] (n) centură de siguranţă ремень безопасности
sake [sNk], for the sake of (phr) de dragul ради
salesman ['sNlzmBn] (n) vînzător продавец
schedule ['Eedju:l] (n) orar рассписание
scientist ['sQBntPst] (n) savant ученый
scold [skBMld] (v) a mustra, a certa, a dojeni бранить (ся)
score [skA:] (v) scor, golaveraj; a marca счет; открыть счет, забивать
score the victory ['skA: CB 'vPktBrP] (phr) a cîştiga забить победный гол
scratch [skrItE] (v) a zgîria, a juli царапаться, чесаться
sculpt [skDlpt] (v) a sculpta ваять
sculpture ['skDlptEB] (n) sculptură скульптура
second course [,sekBnd 'kA:s] (n) felul doi второе блюдо
selfish ['selfPE] (adj) egoist эгоист
sensitive ['sens tPv] (adj) sensibil, firav чувствительный
sentence ['sentBns] (v) a condamna приговаривать, осуждать
serve the ball ['sF:v CB 'bA:l] (phr) a servi mingea подавать мяч
settlement ['setlmBnt] (n) stabilire (cu traiul) поселение
set up (records) [set 'Dp ('rekA:dz)] (phr v) a stabili (recorduri) устанавливать (рекорды)
sew [sBM] (v) a coase шить, сшивать
share [EeB] (v) a împărtăşi, a împărţi делиться, разделять
shift [EPft] (n) schimb рабочая смена
shin [EPn] (n) fluierul piciorului голень
shoulder ['EBMldB] (n) umăr плечо
to ship [äip] (v) a transporta перевозить
shipping ['äïpïç] (n) expediere, flotă comercială торговый флот
showy ['EBMi] (adj) arătos, important эффективный, яркий
sieve [sPv] (n) sită сито
sift [sPft] (v) a cerne просеивать
silk [sPlk] (n) mătase шёлк
single ['sPHg l] (adj) singur; bilet pentru o (singură) călătorie одинокий; билет в один конец
sister-in law ['sPstBrPn,lA:] (n) cumnată невестка
skilful [s'kïlful] (adj) dibaci искусный
skilled [skPld] (adj) calificat, priceput квалифицированный, искусный
slender ['slendB] (adj) zvelt, suplu тонкий, стройный
slice [slQs] (n) felie, bucată ломтик
slight [slQt] (adj) zvelt, subţire тонкий, хрупкий
slim [slPm] (adj) zvelt тонкий, стройный
to slip ['slïp] (v) a aluneca скользить
slotted-spoon ['slOtPd ,spu:n] (n) spumieră шумовка
145
VOCABULARY
smell [smel] (n) miros запах, обоняние
snack [snIk] (n) gustare закуска
sneeze [sni:z] (v) a strănuta чихать
snub [snDb] (adj) (nas) cîrn курносый
soft [sOft] (adj) moale мягкий, нежный
sole [sBMl] (n) talpă подошва
sorrow ['sOrBM] (n) durere, regret, necaz печаль, горе, скорбь
sour [saMB] (adj) acru кислый
to sow [sBu] (v) a semăna сеять
sparrow ['spIrBM] (n) vrabie воробей
species ['spi:Ei:z] (n) specie, soi, rasă вид, порода, разновидность
spectrum ['spektrBm] (n) spectru спектр
speechless ['spi:tEl s] (adj) mut, amuţit, uluit немой, безмолвный, онемевший
spice [spQs] (n) condiment специя, пряность
spouse [spaMz] (n) soţ, soţie супруг, супруга
sprain [sprNn] (v) a scrinti, a luxa растянуть связки
spinkle ['sprPHkBl] (v) a stropi, a presăra брызгать, посыпать
sprint [sprPnt] (n) sprint спринт, бег на короткие дистанции
squeezer ['skwi:zB] (n) storcător выжималка
lemon squeezer (n) storcător de lămîi выжималка для лимона
status ['stNtBs] (n) statut (situaţie) статус (положение)
steak [stNk] (n) biftec, cotlet, antricot бифштекс, кусок (мяса для поджаривания)
step [step] (v) a păşi шагать
step-mother ['stepmDCB] (n) mamă vitregă мачеха
stopover ['stOp,RvB] (n) escală остоновка (в пути)
stir [stF:] (v) a amesteca размешивать
stitch [stPtE] (n) (v) tiv / a tivi шов / строчить
a storm of applause furtună de aplauze взрыв аплодисментов
[B 'stA:m Bv B'plA:z] (n)
stove; gas stove ['gIs ,stBMv] (n) plită; aragaz плита; газовая плита
straight [strNt] (adj) drept, neted прямой, неизогнутый
style [stQl] (v) a aranja (părul) укладывать волосы
surfing ['sF:fPH] (n) surf(ing) серфинг
surrender [sB'rendB] (v) a capitula, a se da bătut сдавать(ся), капитулировать
surround [,sB'rLMnd] (v) a înconjura окружать, обступать
swallow ['swOlBM] (n) rîndunică ласточка
swan [swOn] (n) lebădă лебедь
to sweat [swet] (v) a transpira потеть
sweat shirt ['swet 'Eå:t] (n) sveter de bumbac хлопковый свитер
sweeper ['swi:pB] (n) măturător подметальщик
switch on [,swPtE 'On] (phr. v) a aprinde, a da drumul включать
switch off [,swPtE 'Of] (phr. v) a stinge, a opri выключать
T
tablecloth ['tNbBlklOJ] (n) faţă de masă скатерть
tableware ['tNb lweB] (n) veselă şi tacîmuri посуда, вилки, ложки
tailor ['tNlB] (n) croitor портной
take care of [,tNk 'keBrBv] (phr v) a avea grijă de ухаживать за
take off [tNk 'Of] (phr v) a decola, a-şi lua zborul взлететь
tank top ['tIçk 'tàp] (n) vestă fără mîneci безрукавка
tapestry ['tIpPstri] (n) tapiserie, goblen затканная от руки материя, гобелен
teaching staff ['ti:tEPH stL:f] (n) corp didactic учительский коллектив
tease [ti:z] (v) a necăji, a sîcîi дразнить, приставать
technique [tek'ni:k] (n) metodă метод/способ
146
VOCABULARY
tender ['tendB] (adj) gingaş, plăpînd, tandru нежный, хрупкий
tendon ['tendBn] (n) tendon (anat.) сухожилие
thigh [JQ] (n) coapsă, pulpă бедро
to thread a needle (phr. v) a băga aţă în ac продеть нитку в иголку
[tB 'Jred B 'ni:dl]
thrilling ['JrPlPH] (adj) emoţionant волнующий
thumb [JDm] (n) degetul mare большой палец
thus [CDs] (adv) astfel, aşa так, таким образом
tight [taPt] (adj.) îngust (haină) узкий (об одежде)
tinned [tPnd] (adj) conservat консервированный
tip [tPp] (n) capăt конец
tiptoe ['tPptBM] (v) a merge în vîrful picioarelor ходить на цыпочках
toboggan [tB'bOgBn] (n) (v) sanie; a se da cu sania санки; кататься на санках
toe [tBM] (n) deget de la picior палец ноги
touch [tDtE] (v) a atinge дотрагиваться
tournament ['tMBnBmBnt] (n) competiţie sportivă, turnir турнир, спортивные состязания
toy chest ['tAP ,tEest] ladă pentru jucării ящик для игрушек
trade [trNd] (n) comerţ торговля
traitor ['trNtB] (n) trădător предатель
translator [trIns'lNtB, trInz-] (n) traducător, translator переводчик
treasure ['treGB] (n) comoară, avere сокровище
treat [tri:t] (v) a trata лечить
triangular dumpling colţunaş вареник
[trQ'IHgju:lB 'dDmplPH] (n)
trifling ['trQflPH] (adj) neînsemnat, mărunt пустячный, нестоящий
to trim ['trPm] (v) a tunde стричь
triplet ['trPpl t] (n) trigemeni тройня
trouble ['trDb l] (n) necaz горе, беда
to be in trouble (phr. v) a avea un necaz быть в беде
true friend ['tru: ,frend] (n) prieten adevărat настоящий друг
trust [trDst] (n) încredere доверие
trust in [trDst 'Pn] (phr v) a avea încredere доверять
tuner ['tju:nB] (n) reglare, acord, acordor настройщик, музыкант
tunic ['tju:nPk] (n) tunică туника
turn on [tB:n 'On] (phr v) a porni, a aprinde (lumina) включать (свет), открывать (кран)
turn off [tB:n 'Of] (phr v) a opri, a stinge (lumina) выключать (свет), закрывать (кран)
twins [twPnz] (n) gemeni близнецы
twist [twPst] (v) a suci, a contorsiona скручивать
type [tQp] (v) a tipări печатать на машинке
typist ['tQpPst] (n) dactilograf машинистка
U
ugly ['Dgli] (adj) urît, neatrăgător безобразный, неприятный
unemployed [,DnPm'plAPd] (adj) şomer безработный
unfriendly [Dn'frendli] (adj) neprietenos, dezagreabil недружелюбный
up-to-date [,Dp tB 'dNt] (adj) modern, la modă современный, новейший
urbanization ['B:bB ,nQzNEn] (n) urbanizare урбанизация
V
valuable ['vIljuBb l] (adj) valoros, preţios ценный, дорогой
view [vju:] (n) privelişte, vedere; opinie вид; мнение
viewer ['vju:B] (n) spectator, privitor зритель
147
VOCABULARY
vinegar ['vPnPgB] (n) oţet уксус
visual aid [,vPGuBl 'Nd] (n) material didactic (auxiliar) наглядное пособие
vocational [vBM'kNEBn l] (adj) profesional, de meserie профессиональный
W
watch over [,wOtE 'BMvB] (phr v) a proteja, a feri охранять
water skiing ['wA:tB ,ski:PH] (n) schi de apă воднолыжный спорт
wavy ['wNvi] (adj) ondulat волнистый
weave [wi:v] (v) a ţese, a croşeta, a împleti ткать, плести
wedding ['wedPH] (n) cununie, nuntă венчание, свадьба
weight lifting ['wNt,lPftPH] (n) haltere, ridicare de greutăţi тяжелая атлетика, поднятие тяжести
whisk [wPsk] (n) tel сбивалка
wide [wQd] (adj) larg, mare широкий
widow ['wPdBM] (n) văduvă вдова
widower ['wPdBMB] (n) văduv вдовец
window box ['wPndBM bOks] (n) jardinieră, ghiveci горшок для цветов
window sill ['wPndBM sPl] (n) pervaz подоконник
wink [wPHk] (v) a clipi, a face cuiva din ochi моргать, подмигивать
winner ['wPnB] (n) învingător, cîştigător победитель
wood (house) [wud] (adj) de/din lemn деревянный
wood carving ['kL:vPH] (n) sculptură în lemn резьба по дереву
woodland ['wMdlBnd] (n) ţinut împădurit; păduri лесистая местность; лес
wool [wMl] (n) lînă шерсть, руно
work-out ['wå: k ,aut] (n) antrenament тренировка
worry ['wDri] (v) a se nelinişti, a-şi face griji беспокоиться
wound [wu:nd] (v) a răni ранить
wrestling ['reslPH] (n) lupte greco-romane/corp la corp спортивная борьба
wrist [rPst] (n) încheietura mîinii запястье
Y
yachting ['jOtPH] (n) iahting, navigare, călătorie парусный спорт
yeast [ji:st] (n) drojdie дрожжи
148

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Afanasie Manic

Anul Numele Anul Aspectul manualului

Referent: Alexander Hollinger, doctor conferenţiar, România

© Prut Internaţional, 2015

Topic Communicative area Vocabulary Grammar Page

after, before, as soon as, till,

Topic Communicative area Vocabulary Grammar Page

Lesson 1. Education in Moldova Words denoting school Words with figurative 56

English Classroom Classroom.

eye – eyelash nose – flat hair – straight

A VISIT TO THE COUNTRY

2 Answer the questions about the text.

Nouns 1 wrist 6 ring-finger

to hit – hit – hit

3 Unscramble the sentences from the text.

2 Change the sentences below to the Passive Voice.

3 Using the phrases below, say what is being done now.

4 Change into passive.

VII Additional Information

Ten tiny tailors tailored ten tiny trim coats.

Verbs to dress to change one’s clothes to wear

2 Match the picture with the correct word.

a) tunic; b) baggy jeans; c) blazers; d) hooded sweatshirt; e) skateboard shorts; f) sweater

3 Find synonyms for the following words from the text.

4 Answer the questions about the text.

1 Insert the right word:

2 Find other compound nouns in the text.

II Discussion Points Proverb

Adjectives stylish casual

last – cold – left –

Mind the word order changes in reported questions:

1 Transform the direct speech into indirect:

4 Describe one of your visits to a clothes department.

5 Explain in your own words the quotation:

II Let's Read and Talk

2 Describe what Moris looked like and how he was dressed.

3 Speak about Moris’ adventures in the bush.

4 Say who laughed at Moris and why they did so.

5 Retell the extract.

6 Rewrite the sentences using reported speech.

– Could I ...? – Would it be possible ...?

Nouns mother/daughter/sister-in-law blood relatives

Verbs and to grieve to watch over/to care for

3 Fill in the blanks:

2 Find in the text antonyms for the following words:

1. What is the mystery? 4. What does “black Irish” mean?

Remember the following changes:

Present Progressive Past Progressive

1 Report the following:

II Conversational Formulas Dylan Jones

In pairs, practice microdialogues when offering and accepting food or drink.

III Discussion Points

CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIES – AN AMERICAN FAVOURITE

2 Answer the questions about the recipe.

Nouns get-together dish/particular food beef cabbage rolls

2 Fill in the blanks using the words:

V Grammar REPORTED SPEECH  PERFECT TENSES

Remember the following changes:

Present Perfect Past Perfect