A man who understands that education is not preparation for life but education is life itself. As a wise man once said, I have not allowed school to interfere with my education. I am looking for exciting opportunities to learn and contribute to something greater than myself. Address: Roskilde, Sjelland, Denmark
Speculating the triggers of conflicts, in general, is complicated. Over time, there have been div... more Speculating the triggers of conflicts, in general, is complicated. Over time, there have been diverse debates on the drivers of violent conflict, in pastoral areas and the conceptualisation of novel ideologies. The paper identifies and examines the core factors that trigger, and drive the conflict in the Turkana area. A political and ecologically marginal arid area, occupied by nomads in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia. This review finds that both environmental stresses brought about by climate change, political circumstance, and cultural components all contribute and play a crucial role in the onset of conflict in the Turkana area. These multiple causative factors are necessary to comprehend the strife in the studied area. Also noteworthy is the social structure of the Turkana tribe, and how acts of raiding (stealing livestock) have contributed to insecurity and violence in the area.
Using a comparative study, this research investigates the foundation for phosphorus (P) recycling... more Using a comparative study, this research investigates the foundation for phosphorus (P) recycling (and reuse in agriculture) in two Danish urban areas (Copenhagen, and Roskilde), via selected nutrient recycling stakeholders (Wastewater Treatment Plants - WWTP). The Sewage treatment works (STW) chosen for the study are Avedøre WWTP (Copenhagen) operated by BIOFOS A/S, and Bjergmarken WWTP (Roskilde) operated by Forsyning Roskilde A/S. The STW selected for the study were chosen due to the timespan available for the master thesis research, and the consideration of other stakeholders involved in the phosphorus recycling agenda. The results show that phosphorus recycling is proactively being pursued in Roskilde, compared to Copenhagen. Avedøre WWTP incinerates sewage sludge (containing the p), and the resulting ash is deposited on site within their facility while the Bjergmarken WWTP recycles phosphorus via drying and pelletizing sewage sludge. Pelletized sludge is distributed to farmers, inherently contributing to the nutrients available for their agricultural activities. Momentarily, the STWs are enhanced for sanitation but not optimized for nutrient recycling, and there is a growing call for a shift in wastewater treatment paradigm (from the conventional sanitation model to a sanitation and recovery model). A potentially promising option for phosphorus recycling optimization within the STW could be achieved through controlled struvite precipitation. Struvite (magnesium- ammonium-phosphate hexahydrate - Mg·NH4·PO4· 6H2O) can be precipitated with the supernatant liquor from the sludge dewatering centrifuge, using a supplementary addition of magnesium. Also, sludge gasification produces a residue that can be used for agricultural purposes. Furthermore, decentralized phosphorus recycling alternatives are feasible, and can be achieved through urine separation at the source for direct use or struvite precipitation. This dissertation also reflects swiftly, and theoretically, on the possibility of technology knowledge transfer (centralized and decentralized nutrient recovery) to a sub-Saharan African country case study (Wupa WWTP) in Abuja.
In this paper, I seek to discuss the usefulness of the concept of the resource curse, by contrast... more In this paper, I seek to discuss the usefulness of the concept of the resource curse, by contrasting the theory with the context of the Niger Delta and the effect that oil extraction in the region has had on the well-being and livelihoods of local communities in the Delta. The Niger Delta region (location of Nigeria’s crude oil resources) is inferior despite the enormous royalties from crude oil export since discovery in 1956. This analysis will attempt to identify how the unemployment situation in the region has provided a motive for youths to engage in violent regimes and illegal activities. The principal argument is that the changes in the Niger Delta are not as a result of natural effects from resource endowment, but rather the causal mechanism for the curse of natural resources (a weak economy, violence, underdevelopment) in the Niger Delta are more of a result of political decisions and strongly linked to human factors.
The argument in this paper is that the EIA is too big a system, put up solely for the purpose of ... more The argument in this paper is that the EIA is too big a system, put up solely for the purpose of providing knowledge for decision makers to make sound decisions. It is only logical because most developmental projects (for example infrastructural, a proposed rail construction) that are in the best interest of a given municipality to be developed will be approved nonetheless. Therefore, the EIA should be regarded as a tool that goes beyond aiding better decisions; an EIA should be viewed as an evaluation that aims at improving projects overall while putting into consideration the expected environmental impacts.
This paper examines how well the scoping phase of the EIA conducted for the Lagos Light Rail (Blue Line) project influenced the Final Report. Finally, while the methodology employed in the EIA process is of a good standard, there exists an allowance for improvement through a further capacity building. Conclusively, the paper recommends the use of media (social networks and local radio stations, for example) for information dissemination to the public; regarding proposed projects and the availability of the room for participation. This will further improve the level of citizen participation EIA processes in Nigeria.
Speculating the triggers of conflicts, in general, is complicated. Over time, there have been div... more Speculating the triggers of conflicts, in general, is complicated. Over time, there have been diverse debates on the drivers of violent conflict, in pastoral areas and the conceptualisation of novel ideologies. The paper identifies and examines the core factors that trigger, and drive the conflict in the Turkana area. A political and ecologically marginal arid area, occupied by nomads in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia. This review finds that both environmental stresses brought about by climate change, political circumstance, and cultural components all contribute and play a crucial role in the onset of conflict in the Turkana area. These multiple causative factors are necessary to comprehend the strife in the studied area. Also noteworthy is the social structure of the Turkana tribe, and how acts of raiding (stealing livestock) have contributed to insecurity and violence in the area.
Using a comparative study, this research investigates the foundation for phosphorus (P) recycling... more Using a comparative study, this research investigates the foundation for phosphorus (P) recycling (and reuse in agriculture) in two Danish urban areas (Copenhagen, and Roskilde), via selected nutrient recycling stakeholders (Wastewater Treatment Plants - WWTP). The Sewage treatment works (STW) chosen for the study are Avedøre WWTP (Copenhagen) operated by BIOFOS A/S, and Bjergmarken WWTP (Roskilde) operated by Forsyning Roskilde A/S. The STW selected for the study were chosen due to the timespan available for the master thesis research, and the consideration of other stakeholders involved in the phosphorus recycling agenda. The results show that phosphorus recycling is proactively being pursued in Roskilde, compared to Copenhagen. Avedøre WWTP incinerates sewage sludge (containing the p), and the resulting ash is deposited on site within their facility while the Bjergmarken WWTP recycles phosphorus via drying and pelletizing sewage sludge. Pelletized sludge is distributed to farmers, inherently contributing to the nutrients available for their agricultural activities. Momentarily, the STWs are enhanced for sanitation but not optimized for nutrient recycling, and there is a growing call for a shift in wastewater treatment paradigm (from the conventional sanitation model to a sanitation and recovery model). A potentially promising option for phosphorus recycling optimization within the STW could be achieved through controlled struvite precipitation. Struvite (magnesium- ammonium-phosphate hexahydrate - Mg·NH4·PO4· 6H2O) can be precipitated with the supernatant liquor from the sludge dewatering centrifuge, using a supplementary addition of magnesium. Also, sludge gasification produces a residue that can be used for agricultural purposes. Furthermore, decentralized phosphorus recycling alternatives are feasible, and can be achieved through urine separation at the source for direct use or struvite precipitation. This dissertation also reflects swiftly, and theoretically, on the possibility of technology knowledge transfer (centralized and decentralized nutrient recovery) to a sub-Saharan African country case study (Wupa WWTP) in Abuja.
In this paper, I seek to discuss the usefulness of the concept of the resource curse, by contrast... more In this paper, I seek to discuss the usefulness of the concept of the resource curse, by contrasting the theory with the context of the Niger Delta and the effect that oil extraction in the region has had on the well-being and livelihoods of local communities in the Delta. The Niger Delta region (location of Nigeria’s crude oil resources) is inferior despite the enormous royalties from crude oil export since discovery in 1956. This analysis will attempt to identify how the unemployment situation in the region has provided a motive for youths to engage in violent regimes and illegal activities. The principal argument is that the changes in the Niger Delta are not as a result of natural effects from resource endowment, but rather the causal mechanism for the curse of natural resources (a weak economy, violence, underdevelopment) in the Niger Delta are more of a result of political decisions and strongly linked to human factors.
The argument in this paper is that the EIA is too big a system, put up solely for the purpose of ... more The argument in this paper is that the EIA is too big a system, put up solely for the purpose of providing knowledge for decision makers to make sound decisions. It is only logical because most developmental projects (for example infrastructural, a proposed rail construction) that are in the best interest of a given municipality to be developed will be approved nonetheless. Therefore, the EIA should be regarded as a tool that goes beyond aiding better decisions; an EIA should be viewed as an evaluation that aims at improving projects overall while putting into consideration the expected environmental impacts.
This paper examines how well the scoping phase of the EIA conducted for the Lagos Light Rail (Blue Line) project influenced the Final Report. Finally, while the methodology employed in the EIA process is of a good standard, there exists an allowance for improvement through a further capacity building. Conclusively, the paper recommends the use of media (social networks and local radio stations, for example) for information dissemination to the public; regarding proposed projects and the availability of the room for participation. This will further improve the level of citizen participation EIA processes in Nigeria.
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recovery) to a sub-Saharan African country case study (Wupa WWTP) in Abuja.
This paper examines how well the scoping phase of the EIA conducted for the Lagos Light Rail (Blue Line) project influenced the Final Report. Finally, while the methodology employed in the EIA process is of a good standard, there exists an allowance for improvement through a further capacity building. Conclusively, the paper recommends the use of media (social networks and local radio stations, for example) for information dissemination to the public; regarding proposed projects and the availability of the room for participation. This will further improve the level of citizen participation EIA processes in Nigeria.
recovery) to a sub-Saharan African country case study (Wupa WWTP) in Abuja.
This paper examines how well the scoping phase of the EIA conducted for the Lagos Light Rail (Blue Line) project influenced the Final Report. Finally, while the methodology employed in the EIA process is of a good standard, there exists an allowance for improvement through a further capacity building. Conclusively, the paper recommends the use of media (social networks and local radio stations, for example) for information dissemination to the public; regarding proposed projects and the availability of the room for participation. This will further improve the level of citizen participation EIA processes in Nigeria.