The Campbell Collaboration | www.campbellcollaboration.org Title: Interventions to promote female... more The Campbell Collaboration | www.campbellcollaboration.org Title: Interventions to promote female economic empowerment in lowand middleincome countries: A systematic review of reforms to labor market, land, inheritance and participation of women in decision making Marcela Ibanez, Sebastian Vollmer, Sarah Khan, Anna Minasyan, Soham Sahoo, Atika Pasha, Pooja Balasubramanian, Le Thi Ngoc Tu, Sebastian Straube, Tim Friede
This paper studies evidence-based aid allocations in global health with the aim to identify lesso... more This paper studies evidence-based aid allocations in global health with the aim to identify lessons learned for Germany as a donor for bilateral and multilateral aid programmes. At the same time, it contributes to the conceptualisation of evidence-based aid by defining two types of evidence, practical and scientific, where the former makes use of discretionary information to support the financing of aid projects, while the latter relies on the evidence from rigorous (scientific) research. This desk-study combined with interviews shows that practical evidence is commonly used in health aid allocations, while scientific evidence is used mainly at The Global Fund and is included in World Health Organization guidelines for health policies worldwide. Furthermore, benefits of and barriers to scientific evidence-based allocation are discussed, while recommendations are provided with the aim of developing a scientific, evidence-based aid approach for a bilateral donor in health aid.
Political misalignment and greater ideological distance between donor and recipient governments m... more Political misalignment and greater ideological distance between donor and recipient governments may render foreign aid less effective by adding to transaction costs and eroding trust. In addition, development aid from the West may lead to adverse growth effects in the global South due to the neglected cultural differences between development aid (paradigm) providers and recipients. Nevertheless, donors could improve the effectiveness of foreign aid by pursuing complementary and coherent non-aid policies for freer movement of human capital, i.e., temporary worker mobility and migration. These three hypotheses are tested empirically in augmented aid-growth models, first, by considering the political ideology of both governments along the left-right spectrum, second, by using donor-recipient genetic distance, i.e., differences in blood type frequencies, to capture the traditional way of cultural transmission and also western education of recipient country leaders to capture resource-ba...
This paper studies the impact of an affirmative action policy on occupational segregation by gend... more This paper studies the impact of an affirmative action policy on occupational segregation by gender in South Africa. We estimate effects of the Employment Equity Act of 1998, the Black Economic Empowerment Act in 2003 and the Codes of Good Conduct in 2007 on (Black) female employment in top occupations using individual level, repeated cross-section data of 21 years. The findings based on difference-in-difference-in-difference identification strategy show that the probability of Black female employment in top occupations increased after 2003, however it decreased after 2007. Overall, the effects are quite small. We offer several explanations for these effects.
We argue that donors could improve the effectiveness of foreign aid by pursuing complementary and... more We argue that donors could improve the effectiveness of foreign aid by pursuing complementary and coherent non-aid policies. In particular, we hypothesize that aid from donors that are open to immigration has stronger growth effects than aid from closed donors. We estimate the aid-growth nexus in first differences to mitigate endogeneity concerns. Our empirical results support the hypothesis that donors' openness to immigration strengthens the growth effects of foreign aid.
Recent evidence shows that highly skewed sex ratios at birth are observed not only in China and I... more Recent evidence shows that highly skewed sex ratios at birth are observed not only in China and India, but also for a number of countries in the Southeast Europe and South Caucasus - a region that has seen eruptions of conflicts following the collapse of communist regimes. Yet, the role of conflict has been largely overlooked in the relevant literature on ”missing girls”. We argue that conflict and group survival concerns can exacerbate the initial son bias and lead to relatively more male births once low fertility levels and access to ultrasound technology are given. We test our hypotheses in the context of Nagorno Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. First, individual-level survey analysis from Armenia shows that relatively stronger concern over national security and territorial integrity is significantly associated with son preference. Second, difference-in-difference panel analysis of community-level census data shows that once ceasefire breaches between Armenia and...
We argue that donors could improve the effectiveness of foreign aid by pursuing complementary and... more We argue that donors could improve the effectiveness of foreign aid by pursuing complementary and coherent non-aid policies. In particular, we hypothesize that aid has stronger growth effects if recipients receive more aid from donors who allow for (temporary) worker mobility and (more permanent) migration. We focus on overall remittances paid by the donor countries to proxy for worker mobility and migration. Our empirical results support the hypothesis that higher remittances paid by donor countries strengthen the growth effects of foreign aid.
The Campbell Collaboration | www.campbellcollaboration.org Title: Interventions to promote female... more The Campbell Collaboration | www.campbellcollaboration.org Title: Interventions to promote female economic empowerment in lowand middleincome countries: A systematic review of reforms to labor market, land, inheritance and participation of women in decision making Marcela Ibanez, Sebastian Vollmer, Sarah Khan, Anna Minasyan, Soham Sahoo, Atika Pasha, Pooja Balasubramanian, Le Thi Ngoc Tu, Sebastian Straube, Tim Friede
This paper studies evidence-based aid allocations in global health with the aim to identify lesso... more This paper studies evidence-based aid allocations in global health with the aim to identify lessons learned for Germany as a donor for bilateral and multilateral aid programmes. At the same time, it contributes to the conceptualisation of evidence-based aid by defining two types of evidence, practical and scientific, where the former makes use of discretionary information to support the financing of aid projects, while the latter relies on the evidence from rigorous (scientific) research. This desk-study combined with interviews shows that practical evidence is commonly used in health aid allocations, while scientific evidence is used mainly at The Global Fund and is included in World Health Organization guidelines for health policies worldwide. Furthermore, benefits of and barriers to scientific evidence-based allocation are discussed, while recommendations are provided with the aim of developing a scientific, evidence-based aid approach for a bilateral donor in health aid.
Political misalignment and greater ideological distance between donor and recipient governments m... more Political misalignment and greater ideological distance between donor and recipient governments may render foreign aid less effective by adding to transaction costs and eroding trust. In addition, development aid from the West may lead to adverse growth effects in the global South due to the neglected cultural differences between development aid (paradigm) providers and recipients. Nevertheless, donors could improve the effectiveness of foreign aid by pursuing complementary and coherent non-aid policies for freer movement of human capital, i.e., temporary worker mobility and migration. These three hypotheses are tested empirically in augmented aid-growth models, first, by considering the political ideology of both governments along the left-right spectrum, second, by using donor-recipient genetic distance, i.e., differences in blood type frequencies, to capture the traditional way of cultural transmission and also western education of recipient country leaders to capture resource-ba...
This paper studies the impact of an affirmative action policy on occupational segregation by gend... more This paper studies the impact of an affirmative action policy on occupational segregation by gender in South Africa. We estimate effects of the Employment Equity Act of 1998, the Black Economic Empowerment Act in 2003 and the Codes of Good Conduct in 2007 on (Black) female employment in top occupations using individual level, repeated cross-section data of 21 years. The findings based on difference-in-difference-in-difference identification strategy show that the probability of Black female employment in top occupations increased after 2003, however it decreased after 2007. Overall, the effects are quite small. We offer several explanations for these effects.
We argue that donors could improve the effectiveness of foreign aid by pursuing complementary and... more We argue that donors could improve the effectiveness of foreign aid by pursuing complementary and coherent non-aid policies. In particular, we hypothesize that aid from donors that are open to immigration has stronger growth effects than aid from closed donors. We estimate the aid-growth nexus in first differences to mitigate endogeneity concerns. Our empirical results support the hypothesis that donors' openness to immigration strengthens the growth effects of foreign aid.
Recent evidence shows that highly skewed sex ratios at birth are observed not only in China and I... more Recent evidence shows that highly skewed sex ratios at birth are observed not only in China and India, but also for a number of countries in the Southeast Europe and South Caucasus - a region that has seen eruptions of conflicts following the collapse of communist regimes. Yet, the role of conflict has been largely overlooked in the relevant literature on ”missing girls”. We argue that conflict and group survival concerns can exacerbate the initial son bias and lead to relatively more male births once low fertility levels and access to ultrasound technology are given. We test our hypotheses in the context of Nagorno Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. First, individual-level survey analysis from Armenia shows that relatively stronger concern over national security and territorial integrity is significantly associated with son preference. Second, difference-in-difference panel analysis of community-level census data shows that once ceasefire breaches between Armenia and...
We argue that donors could improve the effectiveness of foreign aid by pursuing complementary and... more We argue that donors could improve the effectiveness of foreign aid by pursuing complementary and coherent non-aid policies. In particular, we hypothesize that aid has stronger growth effects if recipients receive more aid from donors who allow for (temporary) worker mobility and (more permanent) migration. We focus on overall remittances paid by the donor countries to proxy for worker mobility and migration. Our empirical results support the hypothesis that higher remittances paid by donor countries strengthen the growth effects of foreign aid.
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Papers by Anna Minasyan