Anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine, which is recognized as a root that gr... more Anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine, which is recognized as a root that gradually formed other basic medical sciences. Therefore, educational program and curriculum are very important aspects of anatomical science. This study aimed to evaluate and compare training programs of the PhD in anatomical sciences in ten different universities according to European standards. This descriptive - comparative study was conducted using multi-stage sampling method to choose 10 universities from five continents. Then, curricula of PhD in anatomy for ten selected universities were compared to Iranian curriculum according to European standards. Data were collected using information provided in official website of respective universities. In this study, we evaluated eight elements of the training programs in which three elements including duration of program, educational content and educational levels of the ten selected universities were consistent with European standards. Ho...
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a population of cells derived from adipose tissue. ADSCs e... more Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a population of cells derived from adipose tissue. ADSCs exhibit multilineage development potential and are able to secrete various factors, which influence adjacent cells. The present study examined the protective effect of ADSC's conditioned media (ADSC-CM) on PC12 cells exposed to H2O2, an oxidative injury model. After isolation, ADSCs were cultured and their osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation confirmed. Then, PC12 cells were co-treated with ADSC-CM and H2O2. Next, the effects of ADSC-CM on neurite outgrowth and cell differentiation in the presence of H2O2 were determined. Moreover, cell viability and apoptotic cell death percentage were evaluated using MTT assay, Hoechst staining and flow cytometry. Our results indicated the neuroprotective effects of ADSC-CM on morphological and morphometrical properties of neuron-like PC12 cells. Additionally, the profound decrease in percentage of apoptotic cells confirmed the protective effects of conditioned media from ADSCs that may be related to the release of trophic factors.
Objective Epilepsy is accompanied by inflammation, and the anti-inflammatory agents may have anti... more Objective Epilepsy is accompanied by inflammation, and the anti-inflammatory agents may have anti-seizure effects. In this investigation, the effect of deep brain stimulation, as a potential therapeutic approach in epileptic patients, was investigated on seizure-induced inflammatory factors. Materials and Methods In the present experimental study, rats were kindled by chronic administration of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 34 mg/Kg). The animals were divided into intact, sham, low-frequency deep brain stimulation (LFS), kindled, and kindled +LFS groups. In kindled+LFS and LFS groups, animals received four trains of intra-hippocampal low-frequency deep brain stimulation (LFS) at 20 minutes, 6, 24, and 30 hours after the last PTZ injection. Each train of LFS contained 200 pulses at 1 Hz, 200 µA, and 0.1 ms pulse width. One week after the last PTZ injection, the Y-maze test was run, and then the rats’ brains were removed, and hippocampal samples were extracted for molecular assessments. The ...
Anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine, which is recognized as a root that gr... more Anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine, which is recognized as a root that gradually formed other basic medical sciences. Therefore, educational program and curriculum are very important aspects of anatomical science. This study aimed to evaluate and compare training programs of the PhD in anatomical sciences in ten different universities according to European standards. This descriptive - comparative study was conducted using multi-stage sampling method to choose 10 universities from five continents. Then, curricula of PhD in anatomy for ten selected universities were compared to Iranian curriculum according to European standards. Data were collected using information provided in official website of respective universities. In this study, we evaluated eight elements of the training programs in which three elements including duration of program, educational content and educational levels of the ten selected universities were consistent with European standards. Ho...
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a population of cells derived from adipose tissue. ADSCs e... more Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a population of cells derived from adipose tissue. ADSCs exhibit multilineage development potential and are able to secrete various factors, which influence adjacent cells. The present study examined the protective effect of ADSC's conditioned media (ADSC-CM) on PC12 cells exposed to H2O2, an oxidative injury model. After isolation, ADSCs were cultured and their osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation confirmed. Then, PC12 cells were co-treated with ADSC-CM and H2O2. Next, the effects of ADSC-CM on neurite outgrowth and cell differentiation in the presence of H2O2 were determined. Moreover, cell viability and apoptotic cell death percentage were evaluated using MTT assay, Hoechst staining and flow cytometry. Our results indicated the neuroprotective effects of ADSC-CM on morphological and morphometrical properties of neuron-like PC12 cells. Additionally, the profound decrease in percentage of apoptotic cells confirmed the protective effects of conditioned media from ADSCs that may be related to the release of trophic factors.
Objective Epilepsy is accompanied by inflammation, and the anti-inflammatory agents may have anti... more Objective Epilepsy is accompanied by inflammation, and the anti-inflammatory agents may have anti-seizure effects. In this investigation, the effect of deep brain stimulation, as a potential therapeutic approach in epileptic patients, was investigated on seizure-induced inflammatory factors. Materials and Methods In the present experimental study, rats were kindled by chronic administration of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 34 mg/Kg). The animals were divided into intact, sham, low-frequency deep brain stimulation (LFS), kindled, and kindled +LFS groups. In kindled+LFS and LFS groups, animals received four trains of intra-hippocampal low-frequency deep brain stimulation (LFS) at 20 minutes, 6, 24, and 30 hours after the last PTZ injection. Each train of LFS contained 200 pulses at 1 Hz, 200 µA, and 0.1 ms pulse width. One week after the last PTZ injection, the Y-maze test was run, and then the rats’ brains were removed, and hippocampal samples were extracted for molecular assessments. The ...
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