Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) is changing the world. The manufacturing industry has
already identified that the IoT brings great opportunities to retain its leading position in
economy and society. However, the adoption of the IoT changes the development process of
the manufacturing system and raises many challenges. In this paper, the modern
manufacturing system is considered as a composition of cyber-physical, cyber and human
components, and IoT is used as a glue for their integration as far as their cyber interfaces are …